甘肃省小麦地方品种春化光周期基因效应及抗寒性评价

doi:10.3724/SP.J.1006.2025.41036

作物学报 ›› 2025, Vol. 51 ›› Issue (2): 370-382.doi: 10.3724/SP.J.1006.2025.41036

所属专题：小麦：遗传育种·种质资源·分子遗传学

• 作物遗传育种·种质资源·分子遗传学 • 上一篇下一篇

甘肃省小麦地方品种春化光周期基因效应及抗寒性评价

杨芳萍¹(), 郭莹¹, 田媛媛², 徐玉凤³, 王兰兰⁴, 白斌¹, 展宗冰¹, 张雪婷¹, 徐银萍⁵, 刘金栋²^,^*()

¹甘肃省农业科学院小麦研究所, 甘肃兰州 730070
²中国农业科学院作物科学研究所, 北京 100081
³武威国家气候观象台, 甘肃武威 733021
⁴清水县气象局, 甘肃天水 741400
⁵甘肃省农业科学院啤酒与原料研究所, 甘肃兰州 730070

收稿日期:2024-05-20 接受日期:2024-09-18 出版日期:2025-02-12 网络出版日期:2024-10-10
通讯作者: *刘金栋, E-mail: liujindong@caas.cn
作者简介:E-mail: yfp1023@163.com
基金资助:
甘肃省重点研发计划项目(23YFNA0033);国家自然科学基金项目(32060481);国家自然科学基金项目(32260485);中国科学技术协会青年人才托举计划项目(2020QNRC001)

Effect of vernalization and photoperiod genes and evaluation of cold tolerance for wheat landraces from Gansu province, China

YANG Fang-Ping¹(), GUO Ying¹, TIAN Yuan-Yuan², XU Yu-Feng³, WANG Lan-Lan⁴, BAI Bin¹, ZHAN Zong-Bing¹, ZHANG Xue-Ting¹, XU Yin-Ping⁵, LIU Jin-Dong²^,^*()

¹Wheat Research Institute, Gansu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou 730070, Gansu, China
²Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
³Wuwei National Climate Observatory, Wuwei 733021, Gansu, China
⁴Qingshui County Meteorological Bureau, Tianshui 741400, Gansu, China
⁵Institute of Beer and Raw Materials, Gansu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou 730070, Gansu, China

Received:2024-05-20 Accepted:2024-09-18 Published:2025-02-12 Published online:2024-10-10
Contact: *E-mail: liujindong@caas.cn
Supported by:
Key Research and Development Plan of Gansu Province(23YFNA0033);National Natural Science Foundation of China(32060481);National Natural Science Foundation of China(32260485);Young Elite Scientists Sponsorship Program by the China Association for Science and Technology(2020QNRC001)

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 冬春性和光周期反应是决定小麦适宜种植区域的重要特性。为了解甘肃省小麦地方品种的冬春性和抗寒性, 本研究采用春化基因Vrn-1、Vrn-B3和光周期基因Ppd-D1的分子标记检测其等位变异, 并记载了抽穗期、冬春性和抗寒性。结果表明: (1) 59.6%的材料仅携带1个显性春化等位变异, 除Vrn-D1 (67.4%)外, 其余春化基因显性等位变异主要分布在春麦区, 且频率低(0.5%~11.0%), 携带2个或3个春化显性等位变异组合的品种频率也很低(0.2%~8.9%); 携带全隐性等位变异的频率为19.6%, 从甘肃省西北向东南逐渐升高。光周期基因非敏感等位变异Ppd-D1a的分布频率为17.8%, 且冬麦区高于春麦区。(2) 不同麦区地方品种秋播后, 冬麦区品种较春麦区品种早抽穗; 春播后, 春麦区品种从西部到中部可抽穗的频率增高, 且冬麦区品种的抽穗频率从甘肃省西南向东北降低; 春麦区晚抽穗品种的频率低于冬麦区, 且冬麦区不能正常成熟品种的频率高于春麦区。(3) 春播时显性春化等位变异促进开花的效应Vrn-A1a>Vrn-D1>Vrn-B1, 秋播后春化显性等位变异未表现早抽穗效应; 秋播Ppd-D1b类型, 携带2~3个春化显性等位变异品种的抽穗期晚于携带单个春化显性位点品种, 而Ppd-D1a型品种则相反, 即春化显性等位变异表现加性效应。Ppd-D1a对小麦开花促进作用明显。(4) 依据材料表型鉴定的冬春性与基于春化位点等位变异推测的冬春性的一致性较高, 且从春性到冬性逐渐降低。(5) 冬性强的品种抗寒性不一定都强, 但抗寒性强的品种, 大部分冬性强。

关键词: 小麦, 地方品种, 甘肃, 春化, 光周期

Abstract:

Winter-spring growth habit and photoperiodic response are two critical traits that determine the suitable cultivation areas for wheat. This study aimed to understand these traits in local wheat varieties from Gansu province by using molecular markers for the vernalization genes Vrn-1 and Vrn-B3, and the photoperiod gene Ppd-D1, to detect allelic variations and evaluate heading dates, winter-spring growth habits, and cold tolerance. The results indicated that 59.6% of the accessions carried only one dominant vernalization allele, with Vrn-D1 being the most common at a frequency of 67.4%. Other dominant vernalization alleles were primarily found in the spring wheat zone, with frequencies ranging from 0.5% to 11.0%. Varieties carrying two or three dominant vernalization alleles were rare (0.2%-8.9%). Additionally, 19.6% of varieties carried all recessive alleles, with this frequency increasing from the northwest to the southeast of Gansu. The photoperiod-insensitive allele Ppd-D1a had a frequency of 17.8%, and it was more prevalent in winter wheat zones than in spring wheat zones. In the winter wheat zones, varieties planted in autumn headed earlier than those in the spring wheat zones. Following spring planting, the frequency of headed varieties increased from the west to the center in the spring wheat zones, while it decreased from the southwest to the northeast in the winter wheat zones. The frequency of late-heading varieties was lower in spring wheat zones compared to winter wheat zones, where many varieties did not mature normally. After spring planting, the dominant vernalization alleles promoted flowering in the order of Vrn-A1a > Vrn-D1 > Vrn-B1. However, after autumn planting, the early heading effect of dominant vernalization alleles was not evident. For Ppd-D1b types, varieties with two or three dominant vernalization alleles headed later than those with a single dominant allele. In contrast, Ppd-D1a types displayed an additive effect of vernalization alleles, where Ppd-D1a significantly promoted flowering in wheat. There was a high consistency between the winter-spring growth habit determined phenotypically and that inferred from vernalization alleles, with habits gradually shifting from spring to winter types. Varieties with strong winter habits did not necessarily exhibit strong cold tolerance. However, most varieties with strong cold tolerance also exhibited strong winter growth habits.

Key words: wheat, landrace, Gansu, vernalization, photoperiod

杨芳萍, 郭莹, 田媛媛, 徐玉凤, 王兰兰, 白斌, 展宗冰, 张雪婷, 徐银萍, 刘金栋. 甘肃省小麦地方品种春化光周期基因效应及抗寒性评价[J]. 作物学报, 2025, 51(2): 370-382.

YANG Fang-Ping, GUO Ying, TIAN Yuan-Yuan, XU Yu-Feng, WANG Lan-Lan, BAI Bin, ZHAN Zong-Bing, ZHANG Xue-Ting, XU Yin-Ping, LIU Jin-Dong. Effect of vernalization and photoperiod genes and evaluation of cold tolerance for wheat landraces from Gansu province, China[J]. Acta Agronomica Sinica, 2025, 51(2): 370-382.

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链接本文: https://zwxb.chinacrops.org/CN/10.3724/SP.J.1006.2025.41036

https://zwxb.chinacrops.org/CN/Y2025/V51/I2/370

图/表 6

表1

表2

表3

表4

表5

表6

基于表型的Vrn-1和Ppd-D1位点不同等位变异的冬春性与抗寒性关系分析"

冬春性及份数 Winter or spring /number	抗寒性分级 Level for cold tolerance	数量(频率) Number (frequency, %)
		Vrn-A1位点品种 landrace on Vrn-A1		Vrn-B1位点品种 Landrace on Vrn-B1				Vrn-D1位点品种 Landrace on Vrn-D1		Ppd-D1位点品种 Landrace on Ppd-D1
		Vrn-A1a	vrn-A1	Vrn-B1a	Vrn-B1b	Vrn-B1c	vrn-B1	Vrn-D1	vrn-D1	Ppd-D1a	Ppd-D1b
春性/15 Spring/15	Total	5 (33.3)	10 (66.7)	2 (13.3)	0 (0)	0 (0)	13 (86.7	10 (66.7)	4 (26.7)	10 (66.7)	5 (33.3)
	1	0 (0)	0 (0)	0 (0)	0 (0)	0 (0)	0 (0)	0 (0)	0 (0)	0 (0)	0 (0)
	2	0 (0)	0 (0)	0 (0)	0 (0)	0 (0)	0 (0)	0 (0)	0 (0)	0 (0)	0 (0)
	3	0 (0)	0 (0)	0 (0)	0 (0)	0 (0)	0 (0)	0 (0)	0 (0)	0 (0)	0 (0)
	4	3 (20)	0 (0)	1 (6.7)	0 (0)	0 (0)	3 (20)	1 (6.7)	2 (13.3)	1 (6.7)	3 (20)
	5	2 (13.3)	10 (66.6)	1 (6.7)	0 (0)	0 (0)	10 (67.7)	9 (60)	2 (13.3)	9 (60.0)	2 (13.3)
弱春性/33 Weak spring/33	Total	5 (15.2)	28 (84.8)	5 (15.2)	0 (0)	0 (0)	27 (81.8)	24 (72.7)	6 (18.2)	13 (39.4)	16 (48.5)
	1	0 (0)	0 (0)	0 (0)	0 (0)	0 (0)	0 (0)	0 (0)	0 (0)	0 (0)	0 (0)
	2	1 (3.0)	2 (6.1)	1 (3.0)	0 (0)	0 (0)	1 (3.0)	1 (3.0)	1 (3.0)	0 (0)	2 (6.1)
	3	1 (3.0)	4 (12.1)	1 (3.0)	0 (0)	0 (0)	3 (9.1)	2 (6.1)	1 (3.0)	1 (3.0)	1 (3.0)
	4	3 (9.1)	8 (24.2)	2 (6.1)	0 (0)	0 (0)	8 (24.2)	8 (24.2)	2 (6.1)	3 (9.1)	7 (21.2)
	5	0 (0)	15 (45.5)	1 (3.0)	0 (0)	0 (0)	14 (42.4)	12 (36.4)	2 (6.1)	7 (21.2)	6 (18.2)
弱冬性/310 Weak winter/310	Total	1 (0.3)	309 (99.7)	40 (12.9)	7 (2.3)	1 (0.3)	257 (82.9)	235 (75.8)	45 (14.5)	35 (11.3)	233 (75.2)
	1	0 (0)	29 (9.4)	4 (1.3)	0 (0)	0 (0)	25 (8.1)	9 (2.9)	17 (5.5)	9 (2.9)	16 (5.2)
	2	0 (0)	14 (4.5)	1 (0.3)	1 (0.3)	0 (0)	12 (3.9)	7 (2.3)	2 (0.6)	5 (1.6)	7 (2.3)
	3	0 (0)	37 (11.9)	3 (1.0)	1 (0.3)	0 (0)	32 (10.3)	20 (6.5)	8 (2.6)	6 (1.9)	22 (7.1)
	4	1 (0.3)	102 (32.9)	16 (5.2)	3 (1.0)	0 (0)	82 (26.5)	88 (28.4)	8 (2.6)	5 (1.6)	86 (27.7)
	5	0 (0)	120 (38.7)	15 (4.8)	2 (0.6)	1 (0.3)	99 (31.9)	104 (33.5)	9 (2.9)	8 (2.6)	98 (31.6)
冬性/56 Winter/56	Total	0 (0)	56 (100)	2 (3.6)	0 (0)	1 (1.8)	50 (89.3v	20 (35.7)	34 (60.7)	13 (23.2)	41 (73.2)
	1	0 (0)	44 (78.6)	1 (1.8)	0 (0)	0 (0)	40 (71.4)	13 (2.9)	30 (53.6)	13 (23.2)	29 (51.8)
	2	0 (0)	0 (0)	0 (0)	0 (0)	0 (0)	6 (10.7)	3 (5.4)	3 (5.4)	0 (0)	6 (10.7)
	3	0 (0)	2 (3.6)	0 (0)	0 (0)	0 (0)	0 (0)	0 (0)	0 (0)	0 (0)	0 (0)
	4	0 (0)	4 (7.1)	1 (1.8)	0 (0)	0 (0)	1 (1.8)	2 (3.6)	0 (0)	0 (0)	2 (3.6)
	5	0 (0)	4 (7.1)	0 (0)	0 (0)	1 (1.8)	3 (5.4)	2 (3.6)	1 (1.8)	0 (0)	4 (7.1)
强冬性/28 Strong winter/28	Total	0 (0)	26 (92.9)	1 (3.57)	0 (0)	0 (0)	26 (92.9)	9 (32.1)	18 (64.3)	7 (25)	19 (67.9)
	1	0 (0)	21 (75)	1 (3.57)	0 (0)	0 (0)	21 (75)	6 (21.4)	16 (57.1)	6 (21.4)	16 (57.1)
	2	0 (0)	4 (14.3)	0 (0)	0 (0)	0 (0)	4 (14.3)	2 (7.1)	2 (7.1)	0 (0)	3 (10.7)
	3	0 (0)	1 (3.6)	0 (0)	0 (0)	0 (0)	1 (3.6)	1 (3.6)	0 (0)	1 (3.6)	0 (0)
	4	0 (0)	0 (0)	0 (0)	0 (0)	0 (0)	0 (0)	0 (0)	0 (0)	0 (0)	0 (0)
	5	0 (0)	0 (0)	0 (0)	0 (0)	0 (0)	0 (0)	0 (0)	0 (0)	0 (0)	0 (0)

表6

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基因位点 Gene locus	标记名称 Marker name	引物序列 Primer sequence (5′-3′)	等位变异(显/隐性) Allelic variation (dominant/recessive)	扩增片段 Amplified fragment (bp)	参考文献 References
Vrn-A1	Vrn1-A-F	GAAAGGAAAAATTCTGCTCG	Vrn-A1a (dominant)	965+876	[6]
	Vrn1-INT1-R	GCAGGAAATCGAAATCGAAG	Vrn-A1b (dominant)	714
			Vrn-A1c (dominant)	734
			vrn-A1 (dominant)	734
	Intr1-A-F2	AGCCTCCACGGTTTGAAAGTAA	Vrn-A1c (dominant)	1170	[8]
	Intr1-A-R3	AAGTAAGACAACACGAATGTGAGA
	Intr1-C-F	GCACTCCTAACCCACTAACC	vrn-A1 (dominant)	1068	[8]
	Intr1-AB-R	TCATCCATCATCAAGGCAAA
Vrn-D1	Intr1-D-F	GTTGTCTGCCTCATCAAATCC			[8]
	Intr1-D-R3	GGTCACTGGTGGTCTGTGC	Vrn-D1 (recessive)	1671
	Intr1-D-R4	AAATGAAAAGGAACGAGAGCG	vrn-D1 (dominant)	997
Vrn-B3	Vrn4-B-INS-F	CATAATGCCAAGCCGGTGAGTAC	Vrn-B3 (recessive)	1200	[4]
	Vrn4-B-INS-R	ATGTCTGCCAATTAGCTAGC
	Vrn4-BNOINS-F	ATGCTTTCGCTTGCCATCC	vrn-B3 (dominant)	1140	[4]
	Vrn4-BNOINS-R	CTATCCCTACCGGCCATTAG
Vrn-B1	Intr1-B-F	CAAGTGGAACGGTTAGGACA	Vrn-B1a (recessive)	709 +1235	[8-9]
	Ex1-B-F3	GAAGCGGATCGAGAACAAGA	Vrn-B1b (recessive)	673+1199	[8-9]
	Intr1-B-R3	CTCATGCCAAAAATTGAAGATGA	Vrn-B1c (recessive)	849	[8-9]
	Intr1-B-R4	CAAATGAAAAGGAATGAGAGCA	vrn-B1 (dominant)	1149	[8-9]
Ppd-D1	TaPpd-D1-F1	ACGCCTCCCACTACACTG			[18]
	TaPpd-D1-R1	TGTTGGTTCAAACAGAGAGC	Ppd-D1b (photoperiod sensitive)	414	[18]
	TaPpd-D1-R2	CACTGGTGGTAGCTGAGATT	Ppd-D1a (photoperiod insensitive)	288

基因类型 Genotype	数目(频率) Number (frequency, %)
	总材料 Total	仅携带单个显性等位基因及其组合 Only a single dominant allele and their combination	不同麦区显性等位基因 Dominant allele and their combination in different wheat growth regions
	总材料 Total		HIS	CDS	HCTS	UWRW	LDDTW	UJRW	PANM
Vrn-A1a	11 (2.5)	4 (0.9)	1 (0.9)	1 (2.1)	4 (10.3)	0 (0)	0 (0)	1 (2.0)	4 (4.0)
Vrn-B1a	49 (11.0)	5 (1.1)	25 (21.4)	2 (4.3)	2 (5.1)	1 (2.2)	3 (6.7)	2 (4.0)	14 (10.9)
Vrn-B1b	7 (1.6)	3 (0.7)	6 (5.1)	0 (0)	0 (0)	0 (0)	0 (0)	0 (0)	1 (1.0)
Vrn-B1c	2 (0.5)	1 (0.2)	1 (0.9)	0 (0)	0 (0)	0 (0)	0 (0)	1 (2.0)	0 (0)
Vrn-D1	300 (67.4)	251 (56.4)	90 (76.9)	39 (83.0)	28 (71.8)	21 (45.7)	15 (33.3)	26 (52.0)	81 (80.2)
Vrn-B3	2 (0.5)	1 (0.2)	1 (0.9)	0 (0)	0 (0)	0 (0)	0 (0)	0 (0)	1 (1.0)
Ppd-D1a	79 (17.8)	—	11 (9.4)	6 (12.8)	2 (5.1)	9 (19.6)	16 (35.6)	17 (34.0)	18 (17.8)
Vrn-A1a+Vrn-B1a	4 (0.9)	4 (0.9)	0 (0)	0 (0)	0 (0)	0 (0)	0 (0)	0 (0)	4 (4.0)
Vrn-A1a+Vrn-D1	2 (0.5)	2 (0.5)	1 (0.9)	0 (0)	1 (2.6)	0 (0)	0 (0)	0 (0)	0 (0)
Vrn-B1a+Vrn-D1	39 (8.9)	39 (8.9)	23 (19.7)	1 (2.1)	2 (5.1)	1 (2.2)	2 (4.4)	5 (10.0)	6 (5.9)
Vrn-B1b+Vrn-D1	3 (0.7)	3 (0.7)	3 (0.26)	0 (0)	0 (0)	0 (0)	0 (0)	0 (0)	0 (0)
Vrn-B1a+Vrn-D1+Vrn-B3	1 (0.2)	1 (0.2)	0 (0)	0 (0)	0 (0)	0 (0)	0 (0)	0 (0)	1 (1.0)
Vrn-B1a+Vrn-B3	1 (0.2)	1 (0.2)	1 (0.9)	0 (0)	0 (0)	0 (0)	0 (0)	0 (0)	0 (0)
vrn-A1+vrn-B1+vrn-D1+ vrn-B3	87 (19.6)	87 (19.6)	9 (7.7)	2 (4.3)	3 (7.7)	21 (45.7)	25 (55.6)	21 (42.0)	6 (5.9)
(vrn-A1+vrn-B1+vrn-D1+ vrn-B3)/Ppd-D1a	30 (6.7)	30 (6.7)	1 (0.9)	2 (4.3)	0 (0)	3 (6.5)	15 (33.3)	4 (8.0)	5 (5.0)
(vrn-A1+vrn-B1+vrn-D1+ vrn-B3)/Ppd-D1b	57 (12.8)	57 (12.8)	8 (6.8)	0 (0)	3 (7.7)	18 (39.1)	10 (22.2)	17 (34.0)	1 (1.0)
不同麦区材料份数Number in different wheat growth regions			117	47	39	46	45	50	101

地点 Location	抽穗时间 Heading date (Month/date)	频率Frequency (%)						抽穗期 Heading dates (Month/date)
地点 Location	抽穗时间 Heading date (Month/date)	HIS	CDS	HCTS	UWRW	LDDTW	UJRW	抽穗期 Heading dates (Month/date)
2023武威 2023 Wuwei	Earlier than 06/15	25.0	63.8	66.7	32.6	13.3	40.0	06/02-07/19
	Later than 06/20	20.5	6.38	7.7	63.0	66.7	42.0
	不成熟品种Un-mature	19.7	4.3	7.7	43.5	35.6	24.0
2021清水 2021 Qingshui	Earlier than 05/15	24.8	42.6	30.8	58.7	71.1	62.0	04/26-06/07
	Later than 05/20	45.3	34.0	30.8	28.3	15.6	18.0
	不成熟品种Un-mature	0	0	0	0	0	0
2022清水 2022 Qingshui	Earlier than 05/15	2.6	4.3	10.3	28.3	40.0	10.0	05/05-06/10
	Later than 05/20	85.5	72.3	61.5	43.5	15.6	46.0
	不成熟品种 Un-mature	0	0	0	0	0	0

基因类型 Genotype	品种数 Variety number	总频率 Total frequency (%)	抽穗集中日期和份数 Average heading date and number (Month/date (number))
			含Ppd-D1a的品种 Varieties with allele Ppd-D1a			含Ppd-D1b的品种 Varieties with allele Ppd-D1b
			2021清水 2021 Qingshui	2022清水 2022 Qingshui	2023武威 2023 Wuwei	2021清水 2021 Qingshui	2022清水 2022 Qingshui	2023武威 2023 Wuwei
Only Vrn-A1a	4	0.9	05/10 (1)	05/24 (1)	06/05 (1)	05/17 (3)	05/23 (3)	06/13 (3)
Only Vrn-B1a	5	1.1	05/17 (3)	05/22 (3)	06/13 (3)	05/19 (2)	05/21 (2)	06/18 (2)
Only Vrn-B1b	3	0.7	05/15 (2)	05/18 (2)	06/18 (2)	05/19 (1)	05/21 (1)	06/17 (1)
Only Vrn-B1c	1	0.2	05/15 (1)	05/19 (1)	06/10 (1)	—	—	—
Only Vrn-D1	251	67.4	05/09 (35)	05/16 (35)	06/12 (35)	05/17 (199)	05/23 (199)	06/15 (199)
Only Vrn-B3	1	0.2	05/29 (1)	05/21 (1)	06/20 (1)	—	—	—
Vrn-A1a+Vrn-B1a	4	0.9	—	—	—	05/19 (4)	05/24 (4)	06/14 (4)
Vrn-A1a+Vrn-D1	2	0.5	—	—	—	05/08 (2)	05/27 (2)	06/16 (2)
Vrn-B1a+Vrn-D1	39	8.8	05/04 (3)	05/17 (3)	06/08 (3)	05/21 (36)	05/26 (36)	06/18 (36)
Vrn-B1b+Vrn-D1	3	0.7	—	—	—	05/23 (3)	05/28 (3)	06/19 (3)
Vrn-B1a+Vrn-D1+Vrn-B3	1	0.2	05/05 (1)	05/12 (1)	05/29 (1)	—	—	—
Vrn-B1a+Vrn-B3	1	0.2	05/29 (1)	05/21 (1)	06/20 (1)	—	—	—
vrn-A1+vrn-B1+vrn-D1+vrn-B3	87	19.6	05/10 (30)	05/16 (30)	06/21 (30)	05/17 (57)	05/21 (57)	06/25 (57)

冬春性类型 Winter or spring	数量(频率) Number (frequency, %)
	表型Phenotype								基因型Genotype
	总计 All	HIS	CDS	HCTS	UWRW	LDDTW	UJRW	PANM	总计 All	Vrn-A1a	Vrn-D1	Vrn-B1	Vrn-B3	Vrn-1全隐性 Vrn-1 all recessive
春性 Spring	15 (3.4)	0 (0)	1 (7.1)	2 (14.3)	1 (7.1)	0 (0)	5 (33.3)	6 (42.9)	15 (3.4)	5 (1.1)	10 (2.2)	2 (0.4)	1 (0.2)	0 (0)
弱春性 Weak spring	33 (7.4)	8 (23.5)	3 (8.8)	4 (11.8)	2 (5.9)	0 (0)	2 (6.1)	14 (41.2)	28 (6.3)	5 (1.1)	22 (4.9)	3 (0.7)	0 (0)	2 (0.4)
弱冬性 Weak winter	310 (69.7)	105 (33.9)	42 (13.5)	32 (10.3)	18 (5.8)	14 (4.5)	23 (7.4)	76 (24.5)	235 (52.8)	1 (0.2)	235 (52.8)	43 (9.7)	1 (0)	42 (9.4)
弱冬性 Weak winter	310 (69.7)	105 (33.9)	42 (13.5)	32 (10.3)	18 (5.8)	14 (4.5)	23 (7.4)	76 (24.5)	235 (52.8)	1 (0.2)	235 (52.8)	43 (9.7)	1 (0)	42 (9.4)	冬性 Winter	56 (12.6)	2 (3.6)	1 (1.8)	2 (3.6)	12 (21.4)	23 (41.1)	12 (21.4)	4 (7.1)	35 (7.9)	0 (0)	20 (4.5)	3 (0.7)	0 (0)	34 (7.6)
强冬性 Strong winter	28 (6.3)	0 (0)	0 (0)	0 (0)	13 (46.4)	8 (28.6)	7 (25)	0 (0)	18 (4.0)	0 (0)	9 (2.0)	1 (0.2)	0 (0)	18 (4.0)	冬性 Winter	56 (12.6)	2 (3.6)	1 (1.8)	2 (3.6)	12 (21.4)	23 (41.1)	12 (21.4)	4 (7.1)	35 (7.9)	0 (0)	20 (4.5)	3 (0.7)	0 (0)	34 (7.6)

甘肃省小麦地方品种春化光周期基因效应及抗寒性评价

Effect of vernalization and photoperiod genes and evaluation of cold tolerance for wheat landraces from Gansu province, China

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