水氮互作对济谷22花后光合特性和碳代谢的影响

doi:10.3724/SP.J.1006.2026.64038

作物学报 ›› 2026, Vol. 52 ›› Issue (11): 3464-3474.doi: 10.3724/SP.J.1006.2026.64038

• 研究简报 • 上一篇

水氮互作对济谷22花后光合特性和碳代谢的影响

秦岭，张梦媛，徐凤，黎飞飞，刘长虹，陈二影*，杨延兵，管延安

山东省农业科学院作物研究所 / 特色杂粮作物山东省工程研究中心, 山东济南 250100

收稿日期:2026-03-24 修回日期:2026-07-15 接受日期:2026-07-15 出版日期:2026-11-12 网络出版日期:2026-07-21
通讯作者: 陈二影, E-mail: chenerying_001@163.com
基金资助:
本研究由国家自然科学基金项目(32272226, 32301916)，财政部和农业农村部国家现代农业产业技术体系建设专项(CARS-06-14.5-A19)资助。

Effects of water-nitrogen interactions on post-anthesis photosynthetic characteristics and carbon metabolism in Jigu 22

Qin Ling,Zhang Meng-Yuan,Xu Feng,Li Fei-Fei,Liu Chang-Hong,Chen Er-Ying*,Yang Yan-Bing,Guan Yan-An

Crop Research Institute, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences / Shandong Provincial Research Center for Featured Minor Crops, Jinan 250100, Shandong, China

Received:2026-03-24 Revised:2026-07-15 Accepted:2026-07-15 Published:2026-11-12 Published online:2026-07-21
Supported by:
This study was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (32272226, 32301916) and the China Agriculture Research System of MOF and MARA (CARS-06-14.5-A19).

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 为明确水氮互作对谷子花后光合特性、碳代谢和产量的影响，本试验以济谷22为材料，采用盆栽试验，设置2个施氮处理(N0：不施氮；N150：150 kg hm^?2)和3个水分处理(CK：正常灌溉；W1：苗期—拔节期干旱；W2：抽穗—灌浆中期干旱)，干旱期维持土壤含水量30%~40%，非干旱期60%~70%，测定谷子光合特性、干物质积累及转运、淀粉和蔗糖含量及相关酶活性。结果表明，不同水氮处理的SPAD值和净光合速率(P_n)随生育期的推进呈逐渐降低的趋势，施氮能显著提高花后SPAD值和P_n。花后籽粒淀粉含量持续上升，叶和茎鞘的淀粉含量降低。施氮降低花后各器官淀粉含量，以花后40 d穗部淀粉含量降幅最高，达21.50%。蔗糖含量在各器官中均呈先升后降趋势，施氮条件下W2处理平均蔗糖含量最高。同时，施氮提高蔗糖相关酶(SPS、SS–Ⅰ、SS–Ⅱ)活性，W2处理降低SS–Ⅰ活性，提高花后0~20 d的SPS和SS–Ⅱ活性。施氮显著提高花后营养器官干物质积累量及其对籽粒的贡献率，降低花前干物质对籽粒的贡献率；W1处理促进花后干物质积累与转运，而W2处理则依赖花前储备物质。W1N150处理的产量、单穗粒重以及千粒重最高，分别比CKN150提高14.85%、9.52%和3.18%。综上所述，苗期适度干旱结合施氮能够改善谷子净光合速率，促进谷子花后干物质的积累和转运，增强碳代谢与蔗糖合成能力，最终实现高产，为谷子节水节肥栽培提供了理论依据。

关键词: 谷子, 水氮, 花后, 光合特性, 碳代谢, 酶活性

Abstract: To investigate the effects of different water and nitrogen treatments on post-anthesis photosynthetic characteristics, carbon metabolism, and yield of foxtail millet, a pot experiment was conducted using Jigu 22 as the test material. The experiment included two nitrogen treatments, N0 (no nitrogen application) and N150 (150 kg hm^?2), and three water treatments, CK (normal irrigation), W1 (drought from the seedling to jointing stage), and W2 (drought from heading to the middle grain-filling stage). During drought periods, the relative soil water content was maintained at 30%–40%, whereas it was maintained at 60%–70% during non-drought periods. Photosynthetic characteristics, dry matter accumulation and translocation, starch and sucrose contents, and related enzyme activities of foxtail millet were measured. The results showed that SPAD value and net photosynthetic rate (P_n) under different water and nitrogen treatments gradually decreased as growth progressed, while nitrogen application significantly increased post-anthesis SPAD and P_n. Grain starch content continued to increase after anthesis, whereas starch contents in leaves and stem sheaths decreased. Nitrogen application reduced starch content in all organs, with the greatest decrease, 21.50%, observed in panicles at 40 days after anthesis. Sucrose content in all organs first increased and then decreased and was highest under W2 with nitrogen application. Meanwhile, nitrogen application enhanced the activities of sucrose-metabolizing enzymes, including SPS, SS-I, and SS-II, whereas W2 suppressed SS-I activity but increased SPS and SS-II activities during 0–20 days after anthesis. Nitrogen application significantly increased post-anthesis dry matter accumulation in vegetative organs and its contribution to grain yield, while reducing the contribution of pre-anthesis reserves. The W1 treatment promoted post-anthesis dry matter accumulation and translocation, whereas the W2 treatment relied mainly on pre-anthesis reserves. The W1N150 treatment achieved the highest grain yield, grain weight per panicle, and thousand-grain weight, which were 14.85%, 9.52%, and 3.18% higher than those under CKN150, respectively. In summary, moderate drought at the seedling stage combined with nitrogen application (W1N150) increased foxtail millet yield by improving P_n, promoting post-anthesis dry matter accumulation and translocation, and enhancing carbon metabolism and sucrose synthesis capacity, thereby providing a theoretical basis for water- and nitrogen-saving cultivation practices.

Key words: foxtail millet, water and nitrogen, post-anthesis, photosynthetic characteristics, carbon metabolism, enzyme activity

秦岭, 张梦媛, 徐凤, 黎飞飞, 刘长虹, 陈二影, 杨延兵, 管延安. 水氮互作对济谷22花后光合特性和碳代谢的影响[J]. 作物学报, 2026, 52(11): 3464-3474.

Qin Ling, Zhang Meng-Yuan, Xu Feng, Li Fei-Fei, Liu Chang-Hong, Chen Er-Ying, Yang Yan-Bing, Guan Yan-An. Effects of water-nitrogen interactions on post-anthesis photosynthetic characteristics and carbon metabolism in Jigu 22[J]. Acta Agronomica Sinica, 2026, 52(11): 3464-3474.

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链接本文: https://zwxb.chinacrops.org/CN/10.3724/SP.J.1006.2026.64038

https://zwxb.chinacrops.org/CN/Y2026/V52/I11/3464

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水氮互作对济谷22花后光合特性和碳代谢的影响

Effects of water-nitrogen interactions on post-anthesis photosynthetic characteristics and carbon metabolism in Jigu 22

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