作物学报 ›› 2024, Vol. 50 ›› Issue (2): 514-528.doi: 10.3724/SP.J.1006.2023.34086
• 研究简报 • 上一篇
李志坤1,2,**(), 贾文华1,3,**(), 朱伟1, 刘伟1,*(), 马宗斌1,*()
LI Zhi-Kun1,2,**(), JIA Wen-Hua1,3,**(), ZHU Wei1, LIU Wei1,*(), MA Zong-Bin1,*()
摘要:
棉花伏前桃、伏桃、早秋桃和晚秋桃(“四桃”)的时空分布不同, 但目前“四桃”的纤维产量和品质差异及其对氮(N)肥与缩节胺(DPC)配施的响应鲜见报道。2015—2017年, 在郑州市黄河滩区采用双因素裂区设计, 以3个N肥用量为主区, 即不施N肥(N0)、常量施N(N1)和过量施N(N2), 用量分别为0、225和450 kg hm-2; 以3个DPC用量为副区, 即不喷施DPC (D0)、常量DPC (D1)和过量DPC (D2), 用量分别为0、75和150 g hm-2。研究了N肥与DPC配施对棉花纤维产量及品质时间分布的影响。结果表明, (1) N1处理的“四桃”纤维产量比N0和N2处理分别增加36.79%和3.27%, N2处理减产不显著; D1处理比D0和D2处理分别增产17.53%和8.50%, D2处理减产达到显著水平; N1D1组合产量最高, 其余组合减产1.15%~51.53%。N1D1组合的伏前桃、伏桃、早秋桃和晚秋桃产量分别占8.89%、45.35%、33.41%和12.36%, 伏桃和早秋桃是产量主体, 但早秋桃的成产强度大。随着施N量增加, 早秋桃和晚秋桃的纤维产量占比增加, 而随着DPC用量增加则表现相反。(2) N肥用量和DPC用量均对纤维长度、整齐度、比强度和马克隆值有显著影响, 但对纤维伸长率影响达不到显著水平。N1处理和D1处理的纤维品质综合表现最优, 但D0处理马克隆值最佳。N肥与DPC用量互作对“四桃”的纤维比强度和马克隆值有显著影响, 其中, N1D1处理“四桃”的比强度和马克隆值均表现最优, 而N2D2处理“四桃”的比强度和马克隆值表现最差。此外, 过量施N和过量喷施DPC均会升高马克隆值。(3) “四桃”的纤维品质存在差异。伏前桃的纤维品质除马克隆值最优外, 其纤维长度、整齐度和比强度最差; 伏桃和早秋桃的纤维长度、整齐度和比强度最优, 但马克隆值表现最差, 伸长率居中; 晚秋桃的伸长率最优, 其余品质指标均居中。研究结果丰富了“四桃”产量和品质差异的相关理论, 并为棉花合理施N和喷施DPC以及“四桃”纤维的合理利用提供了科学依据。
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