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作物学报 ›› 2025, Vol. 51 ›› Issue (1): 1-29.doi: 10.3724/SP.J.1006.2025.44122

• 综述 •    下一篇

植物激素对棉花蕾铃脱落的调控研究进展

谢章书1(), 谢学方2(), 屠小菊1, 刘爱玉1, 董合忠3,*(), 周仲华1,*()   

  1. 1湖南农业大学农学院 / 作物生理与分子生物学教育部重点实验室, 湖南长沙 410128
    2中国热带农业科学院橡胶研究所, 海南海口 571101
    3山东省农业科学院经济作物研究所, 山东济南 250000
  • 收稿日期:2024-07-21 接受日期:2024-09-29 出版日期:2025-01-12 网络出版日期:2024-10-18
  • 通讯作者: 董合忠,周仲华
  • 作者简介:谢章书, E-mail: xiaosu201420182022@stu.hunau.edu.cn;
    谢学方, E-mail: 973671039@qq.com第一联系人：**同等贡献
  • 基金资助:
    湖南省棉花产业技术体系栽培与良种繁育岗位专家项目(湘农发(2022) 31号);湖南省农业农村厅项目(湘财建指(2023) 98号);湖南省农业农村厅项目(湘财建指(2024) 162号);湖南省研究生科研创新项目(CX20240638)

Research progress in phytohormone regulation of square and boll shedding in cotton

XIE Zhang-Shu1(), XIE Xue-Fang2(), TU Xiao-Ju1, LIU Ai-Yu1, DONG He-Zhong3,*(), ZHOU Zhong-Hua1,*()   

  1. 1College of Agronomy, Hunan Agricultural University / Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology and Molecular Biology, Ministry of Education, Changsha 410128, Hunan, China
    2Rubber Research Institute, China Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou 571101, Hainan, China
    3Institute of Economic Crops, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan 250000, Shandong, China
  • Received:2024-07-21 Accepted:2024-09-29 Published:2025-01-12 Published online:2024-10-18
  • Contact: DONG He-Zhong,ZHOU Zhong-Hua
  • About author:First author contact:**Contributed equally to this work
  • Supported by:
    Hunan Provincial Cotton Industry Technology System Cultivation and Seed Breeding Post Expert Project(Xiangnongfa(2022) No. 31);Hunan Provincial Department of Agriculture and Rural Affairs (Xiangcaijianzhi(2023) No. 98);Hunan Provincial Department of Agriculture and Rural Affairs (Xiangcaijianzhi(2024) No. 162);Hunan Provincial Postgraduate Student Research and Innovation Project(CX20240638)

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摘要：

棉花蕾铃脱落是一个普遍存在的现象, 有对逆境环境胁迫的主动适应性脱落, 也有因品种遗传特性、环境条件、栽培措施以及生物和非生物胁迫被动的受损脱落。蕾铃脱落直接影响着棉花的产量, 国内外现有公开报道多集中于20世纪50、60年代关于乙烯和脱落酸对棉花蕾铃脱落影响的初步发现。结合其他植物的研究结果来看, 蕾铃脱落似乎与生长素、赤霉素和细胞分裂素等促生长类激素的下降以及乙烯和脱落酸等抑制生长类激素的升高密切相关, 激素在植物体内不仅介导新陈代谢过程, 还协调着与信号通路相关的调控因子, 在脱落过程中起着关键作用。本文从植物激素调控入手, 综述了近年来包括脱落区形成和作用的分子调控机制以及各激素在棉花蕾铃脱落以及其他植物(生殖)器官脱落过程中的响应和调控机制等。发现目前以棉花蕾铃脱落为对象的研究非常匮乏, 且多集中于少数激素对棉花生殖生长影响的有限研究, 缺乏对导致蕾铃脱落的深层次机制的探究和解析。因此, 未来研究方向应着重于探究棉花蕾铃脱落的遗传基础、发掘新的抗脱落基因资源和培育抗脱落棉花品种, 同时加强在以棉花为模型植物下, 蕾铃脱落与植物激素调节的关系研究, 为提高棉花产量提供理论依据和技术支持。

关键词: 棉花, 植物激素, 蕾铃脱落, 研究现状, 研究方向

Abstract:

Cotton square and boll shedding is a common phenomenon, which can occur as an active adaptive response to adverse environmental stress or as a passive loss due to genetic characteristics, environmental conditions, cultivation practices, and various biotic and abiotic stresses. Square and boll shedding directly impacts cotton yield. However, most existing studies, both domestic and international, primarily focus on preliminary findings from the 1950s and 1960s concerning the influence of ethylene and abscisic acid on cotton shedding. Based on insights from other plant species, it appears that square and boll shedding is closely related to a decline in growth-promoting hormones—such as auxin, gibberellin, and cytokinin—and an increase in growth-inhibiting hormones like ethylene and abscisic acid. These hormones not only regulate metabolic processes within the plant but also coordinate signaling pathways that play a pivotal role in the shedding process. In this paper, we review the molecular regulatory mechanisms underlying the formation and functioning of abscission zones, as well as the hormonal responses and regulatory mechanisms involved in the shedding of cotton squares and bolls, and in the shedding of other plant (reproductive) organs in recent years. Our findings reveal a lack of comprehensive research on cotton square and boll shedding, with most studies focusing on the limited effects of a few hormones on cotton reproductive growth, while failing to investigate the deeper mechanisms that lead to shedding. Therefore, future research should prioritize exploring the genetic basis of cotton square and boll shedding, identifying new gene resources for breeding varieties resistant to shedding, and enhancing our understanding of the relationship between shedding and hormone regulation in cotton as a model plant. This will provide a theoretical foundation and technical support for improving cotton yield.

Key words: cotton, phytohormones, square and boll shedding, current status of research, research directions

图1

正常发育的蕾与即将脱落蕾的对比图 A: 正常发育的蕾铃, 几乎看不到脱落区; B: 脱落前, 异常的浅黄绿色的蕾, 其生长已停止, 花序梗与果枝结的连接点之间的直径(脱落区)差异非常明显。不久之后就发生脱落。"

图2

AZ的变化导致蕾铃脱落的假设示意图"

表1

不同因素对棉花蕾铃脱落的影响"

脱落位置
Shedding location		 发生原因
Cause of occurrence		 脱落率 Shedding rate 来源文献
Source reference
蕾
Square		 铃
Boll
整株棉花
Cotton plant		 营养过剩
Overnutrition		 60.0% [24]
整株棉花
Cotton plant		 生理性自然脱落
Physiological natural shedding		 7.0%-35.0% 42.0%-64.0% [25]
第一果枝
The first fruit branch		 棉株产生同化物质的供应位置差异
Differences in the location of supply of assimilates produced by cotton plants		 占该位置总数的47.0%
47 percent of the total number of positions		 [26]
第四或第五果枝
Fourth or fifth fruiting branch		 棉株产生同化物质的供应位置差异
Differences in the location of supply of assimilates produced by cotton plants		 占该位置总数的77.0%
77 percent of the total number of positions		 [26]
整株棉花
Cotton plant		 品种自身原因(BT杂交种, 含有(cryIAc毒素) )
Breeds themselves (BT hybrids, containing (cryIAc toxins) )		 30.0% [27]
整株棉花
Cotton plant		 粉红棉铃虫(Pectinophora gossypiella L.)
Pink bollworm (Pectinophora gossypiella L.)		 3.3%-7.7% 0.2%-1.7% [13]
整株棉花
Cotton plant		 盲蝽蟓(Creontiades biseratense L.)
Mirid bug (Creontiades biseratense L.)		 11.3% 4.8% [28]
整株棉花
Cotton plant		 牧草盲蝽(Lygus lineolaris L.)
Tarnished plant bug (Lygus lineolaris L.)		 45.1% 42.3% [12]
整株棉花
Cotton plant		 斑点铃虫(Earias spp. L.)
Spotted boll worms (Earias spp. L.)		 12.5%-16.6% 7.9%-9.5% [29]

图3

蕾铃脱落中相关作用机制假设示意图"

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