土壤耕作方式对小麦干物质生产和水分利用效率的影响

doi:10.3724/SP.J.1006.2011.01432

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 2007—2010小麦生长季，以高产小麦品种济麦22为材料，利用测墒补灌技术确定灌水量，研究高产条件下条旋耕、深松+条旋耕、旋耕、深松+旋耕和翻耕5种耕作方式对小麦的耗水特性、干物质积累与分配、籽粒产量及水分利用效率的影响。结果表明，深松+条旋耕和深松+旋耕的农田耗水量和0~200 cm土层的土壤贮水消耗量高于条旋耕和旋耕处理，深松+条旋耕的小麦株间蒸发量低于深松+旋耕和翻耕处理。深松+条旋耕和深松+旋耕成熟期的干物质积累总量、籽粒的干物质分配量及分配比例和开花后干物质同化量对籽粒的贡献率均高于翻耕处理，翻耕高于旋耕和条旋耕处理，条旋耕最低。深松+条旋耕三个生长季均获得高的籽粒产量，分别为9 409.01 kg hm^-2、9 613.86 kg hm^-2和9 698.42 kg hm^-2，与深松+旋耕处理无显著差异，翻耕处理次之，条旋耕和旋耕低于上述处理，条旋耕最低。深松+条旋耕处理的水分利用效率在2007—2008生长季与深松+旋耕处理无显著差异；在2008—2010生长季最高，分别为21.39 kg hm^-2 mm^-1和22.09kg hm^-2 mm^-1，深松+旋耕处理次之，旋耕和条旋耕低于翻耕处理。在本试验条件下，深松+条旋耕是兼顾高产节水的最优耕作方式。

关键词: 小麦, 耕作方式, 干物质积累与分配, 籽粒产量, 水分利用效率

Abstract: Simultaneous increase of grain yield and water use efficiency is an ideal aim and a hot focus in crop production and research, especially in Yellow-Huaihe-Haihe Rivers Plain of China where wheat (Triticum aestivum) production is frequently threatened by drought stress. The objective of this study was to disclose the effects of tillage practice on water consumption characteristics and dry matter accumulation and distribution in wheat plant under high-yielding and flexible irrigation conditions. In a continuous experiment across three growing seasons from 2007 to 2010, we planted wheat cultivar Jimai 22 with five tillage treatments including strip rotary tillage (SR), strip rotary tillage after subsoiling (SRS), rotary tillage (R), rotary tillage after subsoiling (RS), and plowing tillage (P). All tillage treatments were irrigated at sowing, jointing, and anthesis stages to a designed soil water content based on testing soil moisture before watering. The total water consumption amount was higher in SRS and RS treatments than in SR and R treatments. Comparing with other treatments, SRS treatment increased the soil water consumption amount in 0–200 cm soil layers, but decreased the soil evaporation. SRS and RS treatments gained the highest amount of dry matter accumulation, the grain dry matter partitioning at maturity, and contribution of dry matter assimilation amount after anthesis to grain, followed by P treatment, and R and SR treatments showed the lowest levels in the above parameters, particularly SR treatment. SRS treatments had the highest grain yield of 9 409.01, 9 613.86, and 9 698.42 kg ha^{-1 in 2007–2010 growing seasons respectively, with no significant difference from RS treatment. P and R treatments ranked the second and third places. Grain yield in SR treatment was the lowest among treatments. In the 2008–2009 and 2009–2010 growing seasons,}the water use efficiencies of SRS treatment were the highest among treatments, which were 21.39 kg ha^{-1 mm-1} and 22.09 kg ha^{-1 mm-1}, respectively. RS treatment also had higher water use efficiency than SR, R, and P treatments. Therefore, we recommend that SRS is the most appropriate tillage practice in high-yielding and water-saving production of wheat in the Yellow-Huaihe-Haihe Rivers Plain.

Key words: Wheat, Tillage practice, Dry matter accumulation and distribution, Grain yield, Water use efficiency

郑成岩, 崔世明, 王东, 于振文, 张永丽, 石玉. 土壤耕作方式对小麦干物质生产和水分利用效率的影响[J]. 作物学报, 2011, 37(08): 1432-1440.

ZHENG Cheng-Yan, CUI Shi-Meng, WANG Dong, XU Zhen-Wen, ZHANG Yong-Li, SHI Yu. Effects of Soil Tillage Practice on Dry Matter Production and Water Use Efficiency in Wheat[J]. Acta Agron Sin, 2011, 37(08): 1432-1440.

参考文献

[1]De Vita P, Di Paolo E, Fecondo G, Di Fonzo N, Pisante M. No-tillage and conventional tillage effects on durum wheat yield, grain quality and soil moisture content in southern Italy. Soil Till Res, 2007, 92: 69–78
[2]Peng W-Y(彭文英). Effect of no-tillage on soil water regime and water use efficiency. Chin J Soil Sci (土壤通报), 2007, 38(2): 379–383 (in Chinese with English abstract)
[3]Holland J M. The environmental consequences of adopting conservation tillage in Europe: reviewing the evidence. Agric Ecosyst Environ, 2004, 103: 1-25
[4]Riley H C F, Bleken M A, Abrahamsen S, Bergjord A K, Bakken A K. Effects of alternative tillage systems on soil quality and yield of spring cereals on silty clay loam and sandy loam soils in the cool, wet climate of central Norway. Soil Till Res, 2005, 80: 79-93
[5]Zheng C-Y(郑成岩), Yu Z-W(于振文), Ma X-H(马兴华), Wang X-Z(王西芝), Bai H-L(白洪立). Water consumption characteristics and dry matter accumulation and distribution in high-yielding wheat. Acta Agron Sin (作物学报), 2008, 34(8): 1450-1458 (in Chinese with English abstract)
[6]Wu J-Z(吴金芝), Huang M(黄明), Li Y-J(李友军), Chen M-C(陈明灿), Yao Y-Q(姚宇卿), Guo D-Y(郭大勇), Huang H-X(黄海霞). Effects of different tillage systems on the photosynthesis functions, grain yield and WUE in winter wheat. Agric Res Arid Areas (干旱地区农业研究), 2008, 26(5): 17-21 (in Chinese with English abstract)
[7]Huang M(黄明), Wu J-Z(吴金芝), Li Y-J(李友军), Yao Y-Q(姚宇卿), Zhang C-J(张灿军), Cai D-X(蔡典雄), Jin K(金轲). Effects of different tillage management on production and yield of winter wheat in dryland. Trans CSAE (农业工程学报), 2009, 25(1): 50-54 (in Chinese with English abstract)
[8]Zhao J-B(赵聚宝), Mei X-R(梅旭荣), Xie J-H(谢军红). The effect of straw mulch on crop water use efficiency in dryland. Sci Agric Sin (中国农业科学), 1996, 29(2): 59-66 (in Chinese with English abstract)
[9]Li Y-J(李友军), Wu J-Z(吴金芝), Huang M(黄明), Yao Y-Q(姚宇卿), Zhang C-J(张灿军), Cai D-X(蔡典雄), Jin K(金轲). Effects of different tillage systems on photosynthesis characteristics of flag leaf and water use efficiency in winter wheat. Trans CSAE (农业工程学报), 2006, 22(12): 44-48 (in Chinese with English abstract)
[10]Su Z Y, Zhang J S, Wu W L, Cai D X, Lu J J, Jiang G H, Huang J, Gao J, Hartmann R, Gabriels D. Effects of conservation tillage practices on winter wheat water-use efficiency and crop yield on the Loess Plateau, China. Agric Water Manag, 2007, 87: 307-314
[11]Fabrizzi K P, Garcia F O, Costa J L, Picone L I, Soil water dynamics, physical properties and corn and wheat responses to minimum and no-tillage systems in the southern Pampas of Argentina. Soil Till Res,, 2005, 81: 57-69
[12]Borghei A M, Taghinejad J, Minaei S, Karimi M, Varnamkhasti M G. Effect of subsoiling on soil bulk density, penetration resistance and cotton yield in northwest of Iran. Int J Agri Biol, 2008, 10: 120-123
[13]Lü M-R(吕美蓉), Li Z-J(李增嘉), Zhang T(张涛), Ning T-Y(宁堂原), Zhao J-B(赵建波), Li H-J(李洪杰). Effects of minimum or no-tillage system and straw returning on extreme soil moisture and yield of winter wheat. Trans CSAE (农业工程学报), 2010, 26(1): 41-46 (in Chinese with English abstract)
[14]Shan L(山仑), Kang S-Z(康绍忠), Wu P-T(吴普特). Water Saving Agriculture in China (中国节水农业). Beijing: China Agriculture Press, 2004: 229-230 (in Chinese)
[15]Liu Z-J(刘增进), Li B-P(李宝萍), Li Y-H(李远华), Cui Y-L(崔远来). Research on the water use efficiency and optimal irrigation schedule of the winter wheat. Trans CSAE (农业工程学报), 2004, 20(4): 58-63 (in Chinese with English abstract)
[16]Du T-S(杜太生), Kang S-Z(康绍忠), Hu X-T(胡笑涛), Yang X-Y(杨秀英). Effect of alternate partial root-zone drip irrigation on yield and water use efficiency of cotton. Sci Agric Sin (中国农业科学), 2005, 38(10): 2061-2068 (in Chinese with English abstract)
[17]Hou L-T(侯连涛), Jiang X-D(江晓东), Han B(韩宾), Jiao N-Y(焦念元), Zhao C(赵春), Li Z-J(李增嘉). Effects of different mulching treatments on the gas exchange parameters and water use efficiency of winter wheat. Trans CSAE (农业工程学报), 2006, 22(9): 58-63 (in Chinese with English abstract)
[18]Wang J-S(王建生), Xu Z-K(徐子恺), Yao J-W(姚建文). Analysis of food throughput per unit water use. Adv Water Sci (水科学进展), 1999, 10(4): 429-434 (in Chinese with English abstract)
[19]Sun H-Y(孙宏勇), Liu C-M(刘昌明), Zhang Y-Q(张永强), Zhang X-Y(张喜英). Study on soil evaporation by using micro-lysimeter. J Hydraulic Eng (水利学报), 2004, (8): 114-118 (in Chinese with English abstract)
[20]Jiang D (姜东), Xie Z-J (谢祝捷), Cao W-X (曹卫星), Dai T-B (戴廷波), Jing Q (荆奇). Effects of post-anthesis drought and waterlogging on photosynthetic characteristics, assimilates transportation in winter wheat. Acta Agron Sin (作物学报), 2004, 30(2): 175-182 (in Chinese with English abstract)
[21]Zhou L-Y(周凌云). Water consumption and water use efficiency of wheat field in Fengqiu region. Chin J Appl Ecol (应用生态学报), 1995, 6(suppl): 57-61 (in Chinese with English abstract)
[22]Oweis T, Zhang H, Pala M. Water use efficiency of rainfed and irrigation bread wheat in a Mediterranean environment. Agron J, 2000, 92: 231-238
[23]Wang X-B, Cai D X, Hoogmoed W B, Oenema O, Perdok U D. Potential effect of conservation tillage on sustainable land use: a review of global long-term studies. Pedosphere, 2006, 16: 587-595
[24]Zhang H-L(张海林), Chen F(陈阜), Qin Y-D(秦耀东), Zhu W-S(朱文珊). Water consumption characteristics for summer corn under no-tillage with mulch. Trans CSAE, 2002, 18(2):36-40 (in Chinese with English abstract)
[25]Jiang X-D(江晓东), Li Z-J(李增嘉), Hou L-T(侯连涛), Wang Y(王芸), Wang X(王雪), Yan H(颜红). Impacts of minimum tillage and no-tillage systems on soil NO3--N content and water use efficiency of winter wheat/summer corn cultivations. Trans CSAE (农业工程学报), 2005, 21(7): 20-24 (in Chinese with English abstract)
[26]Huang M(黄明), Wu J-Z(吴金芝), Li Y-J(李友军), Yao Y-Q(姚宇卿), Zhang C-J(张灿军), Cai D-X(蔡典雄), Jin K(金轲). Effects of tillage pattern on the flag leaf senescence and grain yield of winter wheat under dry farming. Chin J Appl Ecol (应用生态学报), 2009, 20(6): 1355-1361 (in Chinese with English abstract)
[27]Chen L-M(陈乐梅), Ma L(马林), Liu J-X(刘建喜), Shi S-B(石书兵), Guo F(郭飞), Ku Z-L(库再拉), Lin S-Q(蔺胜权). The effect of no-tillage with stubble on the dynamic change of dry matter accumulation and yield of spring wheat during grain filling. Agric Res Arid Areas(干旱地区农业研究), 2006, 24(6): 21-24 (in Chinese with English abstract)
[28]Ghuman B S, Sur H S. Tillage and residue management effects on soil properties and yields of rainfed maize and wheat in a subhumid subtropical climate. Soil Till Res, 2001, 58: 1-10
[29]Zhou X-X(周兴祥), Gao H-W(高焕文), Li X-F(刘晓峰). Experimental study on conservation tillage system in areas of two crops a year in North China Plain. Trans CSAE(农业工程学报), 2001, 17(6): 841-843 (in Chinese with English abstract)
[30]Hao X, Chang C, Conner R L, Bergen P. Effect of minimum tillage and crop sequence on crop yield and quality under irrigation in a southern Alberta clay loam soil. Soil Till Res, 2001, 59: 45-55
[31]Singh B, Chanasyk D S, Mcgill W B. Soil water regime under barley with long-term tillage-residue systems. Soil Till Res, 1998, 45: 59-74
[32]Du B(杜兵), Li W-Y(李问盈), Deng J(邓健), Liao Z-X(廖植樨). Research on surface tillage in conservation tillage. J China Agric Univ (中国农业大学学报), 2000, 5(4): 65-67 (in Chinese with English abstract)
[33]Qin H-L(秦红灵), Gao W-S(高旺盛), Ma Y-C(马月存), Ma L(马丽), Yin C-M(尹春梅). Effects of subsoiling on soil moisture under no-tillage 2 years later. Sci Agric Sin (中国农业科学), 2008, 41(1): 78-85 (in Chinese with English abstract)

Metrics

Viewed

Full text

Abstract

Cited

Shared

Discussed