土壤耕作方式对小麦干物质生产和水分利用效率的影响

doi:10.3724/SP.J.1006.2011.01432

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 2007—2010小麦生长季，以高产小麦品种济麦22为材料，利用测墒补灌技术确定灌水量，研究高产条件下条旋耕、深松+条旋耕、旋耕、深松+旋耕和翻耕5种耕作方式对小麦的耗水特性、干物质积累与分配、籽粒产量及水分利用效率的影响。结果表明，深松+条旋耕和深松+旋耕的农田耗水量和0~200 cm土层的土壤贮水消耗量高于条旋耕和旋耕处理，深松+条旋耕的小麦株间蒸发量低于深松+旋耕和翻耕处理。深松+条旋耕和深松+旋耕成熟期的干物质积累总量、籽粒的干物质分配量及分配比例和开花后干物质同化量对籽粒的贡献率均高于翻耕处理，翻耕高于旋耕和条旋耕处理，条旋耕最低。深松+条旋耕三个生长季均获得高的籽粒产量，分别为9 409.01 kg hm^-2、9 613.86 kg hm^-2和9 698.42 kg hm^-2，与深松+旋耕处理无显著差异，翻耕处理次之，条旋耕和旋耕低于上述处理，条旋耕最低。深松+条旋耕处理的水分利用效率在2007—2008生长季与深松+旋耕处理无显著差异；在2008—2010生长季最高，分别为21.39 kg hm^-2 mm^-1和22.09kg hm^-2 mm^-1，深松+旋耕处理次之，旋耕和条旋耕低于翻耕处理。在本试验条件下，深松+条旋耕是兼顾高产节水的最优耕作方式。

关键词: 小麦, 耕作方式, 干物质积累与分配, 籽粒产量, 水分利用效率

Abstract: Simultaneous increase of grain yield and water use efficiency is an ideal aim and a hot focus in crop production and research, especially in Yellow-Huaihe-Haihe Rivers Plain of China where wheat (Triticum aestivum) production is frequently threatened by drought stress. The objective of this study was to disclose the effects of tillage practice on water consumption characteristics and dry matter accumulation and distribution in wheat plant under high-yielding and flexible irrigation conditions. In a continuous experiment across three growing seasons from 2007 to 2010, we planted wheat cultivar Jimai 22 with five tillage treatments including strip rotary tillage (SR), strip rotary tillage after subsoiling (SRS), rotary tillage (R), rotary tillage after subsoiling (RS), and plowing tillage (P). All tillage treatments were irrigated at sowing, jointing, and anthesis stages to a designed soil water content based on testing soil moisture before watering. The total water consumption amount was higher in SRS and RS treatments than in SR and R treatments. Comparing with other treatments, SRS treatment increased the soil water consumption amount in 0–200 cm soil layers, but decreased the soil evaporation. SRS and RS treatments gained the highest amount of dry matter accumulation, the grain dry matter partitioning at maturity, and contribution of dry matter assimilation amount after anthesis to grain, followed by P treatment, and R and SR treatments showed the lowest levels in the above parameters, particularly SR treatment. SRS treatments had the highest grain yield of 9 409.01, 9 613.86, and 9 698.42 kg ha^{-1 in 2007–2010 growing seasons respectively, with no significant difference from RS treatment. P and R treatments ranked the second and third places. Grain yield in SR treatment was the lowest among treatments. In the 2008–2009 and 2009–2010 growing seasons,}the water use efficiencies of SRS treatment were the highest among treatments, which were 21.39 kg ha^{-1 mm-1} and 22.09 kg ha^{-1 mm-1}, respectively. RS treatment also had higher water use efficiency than SR, R, and P treatments. Therefore, we recommend that SRS is the most appropriate tillage practice in high-yielding and water-saving production of wheat in the Yellow-Huaihe-Haihe Rivers Plain.

Key words: Wheat, Tillage practice, Dry matter accumulation and distribution, Grain yield, Water use efficiency

郑成岩, 崔世明, 王东, 于振文, 张永丽, 石玉. 土壤耕作方式对小麦干物质生产和水分利用效率的影响[J]. 作物学报, 2011, 37(08): 1432-1440.

ZHENG Cheng-Yan, CUI Shi-Meng, WANG Dong, XU Zhen-Wen, ZHANG Yong-Li, SHI Yu. Effects of Soil Tillage Practice on Dry Matter Production and Water Use Efficiency in Wheat[J]. Acta Agron Sin, 2011, 37(08): 1432-1440.

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链接本文: https://zwxb.chinacrops.org/CN/10.3724/SP.J.1006.2011.01432

https://zwxb.chinacrops.org/CN/Y2011/V37/I08/1432

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