作物学报 ›› 2012, Vol. 38 ›› Issue (05): 829-839.doi: 10.3724/SP.J.1006.2012.00829
胡标林1,2,4,万勇1,4,李霞1,4,雷建国1,4,罗向东2,严文贵3,谢建坤2,*
HU Biao-Lin1,2,4,WAN Yong1,4,LI Xia1,4,LEI Jian-Guo1,4,LUO Xiang-Dong2,YAN Wen-Gui3,XIE Jian-Kun2,*
摘要:
种质资源是水稻遗传育种和解析复杂性状的重要基础,而对遗传多样评估有利于鉴定最优亲本组合以产生遗传变异最大的后代群体和促进不同资源的有利基因渗透到栽培品种。选用14个表型性状对美国农业部水稻核心种质中的6大洲 1 579份水稻种质, 分析与评价其遗传多样性和优良稻种资源,主要结果如下: (1)亚洲、非洲与大洋洲间遗传距离较远,且亚洲、非洲和大洋洲的水稻资源具有较丰富的表型遗传多样性,而不同性状的遗传多样性在洲际间表现不同;粒长宽比、碱消值、株高、粒宽、千粒重和淀粉含量等6个性状具有很高的表型遗传多样性。(2)采用主成分分析法和逐步回归分析法综合评判表明,越南的PI392768的综合性状表现最好,法国的PI281760综合性状表现最差,同时淀粉含量、抽穗期、株高、倒伏性、糙米色和颖壳色等6个性状可作为种质资源综合评价指标。在水稻育种中应注重利用具有丰富遗传多样性的种质资源,并在亲本选配时适当选择遗传距离较远且综合性状表现差异大的种质材料。
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