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作物学报 ›› 2012, Vol. 38 ›› Issue (05): 829-839.doi: 10.3724/SP.J.1006.2012.00829

• 作物遗传育种·种质资源·分子遗传学 • 上一篇    下一篇

水稻核心种质表型性状遗传多样性分析及综合评价

胡标林1,2,4,万勇1,4,李霞1,4,雷建国1,4,罗向东2,严文贵3,谢建坤2,*   

  1. 1 江西农业科学院水稻研究所,江西南昌330200;2江西师范大学生命科学院,江西南昌330022;3 USDA-ARS, Dale Bumpers National Rice Research Center, Stuttgart, Arkansas, 72160, USA;4水稻国家工程试验室(南昌),江西南昌 330200
  • 收稿日期:2011-09-09 修回日期:2012-01-19 出版日期:2012-05-12 网络出版日期:2012-03-05
  • 通讯作者: 谢建坤, E-mail: xiejiankun@yahoo.com, Tel: 0791-88120391
  • 基金资助:

    本研究由国家自然科学基金项目(30960189), 国家公益性行业(农业)科研专项(201103007), 江西省自然科学基金(20114BAB204008)和江西省农业科学院创新基金项目(2010CQN008)资助。

Analysis on Genetic Diversity of Phenotypic Traits in Rice (Oryza sativa) Core Collection and Its Comprehensive Assessment

HU Biao-Lin1,2,4,WAN Yong1,4,LI Xia1,4,LEI Jian-Guo1,4,LUO Xiang-Dong2,YAN Wen-Gui3,XIE Jian-Kun2,*   

  1. 1 Rice Research Institute, Jiangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanchang 330200, China; 2 College of Life Science, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang 330022, China; 3 USDA-ARS, Dale Bumpers National Rice Research Center, Stuttgart, Arkansas, 72160, USA?; 4 National Engineering Laboratory for Rice, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330200, China
  • Received:2011-09-09 Revised:2012-01-19 Published:2012-05-12 Published online:2012-03-05
  • Contact: 谢建坤, E-mail: xiejiankun@yahoo.com, Tel: 0791-88120391

摘要:

种质资源是水稻遗传育种和解析复杂性状的重要基础,而对遗传多样评估有利于鉴定最优亲本组合以产生遗传变异最大的后代群体和促进不同资源的有利基因渗透到栽培品种。选用14个表型性状对美国农业部水稻核心种质中的6大洲
1 579份水稻种质, 分析与评价其遗传多样性和优良稻种资源,主要结果如下: (1)亚洲、非洲与大洋洲间遗传距离较远,且亚洲、非洲和大洋洲的水稻资源具有较丰富的表型遗传多样性,而不同性状的遗传多样性在洲际间表现不同;粒长宽比、碱消值、株高、粒宽、千粒重和淀粉含量等6个性状具有很高的表型遗传多样性。(2)采用主成分分析法和逐步回归分析法综合评判表明,越南的PI392768的综合性状表现最好,法国的PI281760综合性状表现最差,同时淀粉含量、抽穗期、株高、倒伏性、糙米色和颖壳色等6个性状可作为种质资源综合评价指标。在水稻育种中应注重利用具有丰富遗传多样性的种质资源,并在亲本选配时适当选择遗传距离较远且综合性状表现差异大的种质材料。

关键词: 核心种质, 表型性状, 遗传多样性, 主成分分析, 综合评价

Abstract:

Germplasm resources are fundamental in rice breeding and dissecting complex traits; however, assessment of genetic diversity benefits the identification of optimal parental combinations to produce segregating offspring with maximum genetic variability, and facilitates the introgression of favorable genes from various germplasm into commercial cultivars. The USDA rice core collection (USDA-RCC) (1 579 rice accessions originated from six continents), was analyzed with 14 phenotypic traits to assess diversity and phenotypically superior rice germplasm. Themain results were summarized as follows: (1) Genetic distance of the germplasm from Asia and Africa to that of Oceania was larger. Rice germplasm from Asia, Africa and Oceania had accordingly greater phenotypic and genetic diversities, and genetic diversity of different traits was different among continents. Six traits including kernel length/width (KLW), alkali spreading value (ASC), plant height (PH), kernel width (KW), 1000-kernel weight (TKW) and amylose content (AC) had greater genetic diversity. (2) Comprehensive assessment of phenotypic traits was conducted using principal component analysis (392768 from Vietnam had the best comprehensive traits while the accession PI 281760 performed the worst comprehensive traits, and AC, HD, PH, lodging, BRC and HC would be suitable as comprehensive criteria for assessing USDA-RCC germplasm. We suggest these rice germplasm possessing great phenotypic diversity should be widely utilized in breeding programs, moreover, these rice germplasm with farther genetic distance and different comprehensive traits should be appropriately considered for the parental selection.PCA) and step regression analysis, demonstrating that the accession PI

Key words: Core collection, Phenotypic traits, Genetic diversity, Principal component analysis, Comprehensive assessment

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