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基于茶树液相功能芯片的白化茶树资源遗传多样性分析

梅飘1,**，刘丁丁1,**，叶圆圆1,张晨禹1,丁诗琦1,李亚奇2,王培鑫1,梅菊芬2,*,马春雷1, *   

  1. 1 中国农业科学院茶叶研究所 / 茶树种质创新与资源利用全国重点实验室, 浙江杭州 310008；2无锡市茶叶品种研究所有限公司 / 江苏省茶树种质资源圃，江苏无锡 214000
  • 收稿日期:2025-03-31 修回日期:2025-06-01 接受日期:2025-06-01 网络出版日期:2025-06-11
  • 基金资助:
    本研究由浙江省自然科学基金重点项目(LZ24C160003), 江苏省无锡市太湖之光科技攻关项目(N20231002), 浙江省农业(茶树)品种选育重大科技专项子课题项目(2021C02067-6)和中国农业科学院茶叶研究所基本科研业务费项目(1610212022009)资助。

Genetic diversity analysis of domestic albino tea germplasm resources based on the tea plant liquid phase functional chip

MEI Piao1,**,LIU Ding-Ding1,**,YE Yuan-Yuan1,ZHANG Chen-Yu1,DING Shi-Qi1,LI Ya-Qi2,WANG Pei-Xin1,MEI Ju-Fen2,*,MA Chun-Lei1,*   

  1. 1 Tea Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science / National Key Laboratory for Tea Plant Germplasm Innovation and Resource Utilization, Hangzhou 310008, Zhejiang, China; 2 Wuxi Tea Breeding Research Co., Ltd. / Tea Tree Germplasm Resource Nursery of Jiangsu Province, Wuxi 214000, Jiangsu, China
  • Received:2025-03-31 Revised:2025-06-01 Accepted:2025-06-01 Published online:2025-06-11
  • Supported by:
    This study was supported by the Zhejiang Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China (LZ24C160003), the Taihu Light Science and Technology Research Program of Wuxi (N20231002), the Zhejiang Science and Technology Major Program on Agricultural New Variety Breeding-Tea Plant (2021C02067-6), and the Fundamental Research Fund for Tea Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (1610212022009). 

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摘要：

本研究基于自主开发的茶树高密度液相功能芯片对我国主要白化茶树资源进行了基因型检测，根据遗传相似度结果保留了61份核心样本用于遗传多样性分析。通过进化树和群体遗传结构分析发现，这些白化茶树资源主要可分为3个类群，不同类群的分布与样本地理来源和育种背景密切相关。进一步的PCA分析结果表明，我国的白化茶树资源主要来自浙江省，其遗传多样性水平同我国保存的丰富种质资源相比，整体上并不高，表明白化茶树在育种改良方面还具有较大潜力。随后我们对30份典型白化茶树资源品质成分进行鉴定发现，30份白化茶树资源的咖啡碱含量介于2.26%~4.17%，平均值为3.51%；氨基酸总含量分布在1.85%~7.54%之间，平均为4.33%；儿茶素总量分布范围为8.63%~16.68%，平均值为13.28%。相比于普通绿色品种，大部分白化茶树资源具有高氨基酸、低生物碱、低儿茶素的特征，是制作高品质绿茶的良好原料。综上，本研究初步阐明了我国主要白化茶树种质资源的遗传结构和遗传多样性水平，并验证了茶树液相功能芯片在资源和品种鉴定中的可行性，为白化茶树资源的创新利用和遗传改良提供了理论依据。

关键词: 白化茶树, 液相芯片, 基因分型, 遗传多样性, 生化成分

Abstract:

In this study, a self-developed high-density liquid-phase functional chip for tea plants was employed to genotype the major albino tea germplasms in China. Based on genetic similarity analyses, 61 core accessions were selected for genetic diversity assessment. Phylogenetic tree construction and population structure analysis revealed that these albino tea resources could be classified into three main groups, with their distribution closely associated with geographical origins and breeding histories. Principal Component Analysis further indicated that most albino tea accessions in China originate from Zhejiang province. Compared with the rich genetic resources of conventional tea germplasms in China, albino tea plants exhibit relatively limited genetic diversity, underscoring the need and potential for genetic improvement through breeding. Additionally, the quality components of 30 representative albino tea accessions were analyzed. Caffeine content ranged from 2.26% to 4.17%, with an average of 3.51%; total amino acid content varied from 1.85% to 7.54%, with a mean of 4.33%; and total catechin content ranged from 8.63% to 16.68%, averaging 13.28%. Compared to conventional green tea cultivars, most albino tea accessions exhibited higher amino acid levels and lower alkaloid and catechin contents, making them promising raw materials for the production of high-quality green tea. In conclusion, this study provides a comprehensive analysis of the genetic structure and diversity of major albino tea germplasms in China and demonstrates the effectiveness of the liquid-phase functional chip in tea germplasm and cultivar identification. These findings lay a theoretical foundation for the innovative utilization and genetic improvement of albino tea resources.

Key words: albino tea cultivars, liquid chip, genotyping, genetic diversity, biochemical components

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