不同株高夏玉米品种的氮素吸收与利用特性

doi:10.3724/SP.J.1006.2014.01830

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

选用鲁单981 (LD981)、郑单958 (ZD958)和登海661 (DH661) 3个不同株高玉米品种, 在大田和栽培池条件下分别设67 500株 hm^-2和82 500株 hm^-22个种植密度, 0和180 kg hm^-2 2个施氮量。大田试验的氮肥以开沟方式施入, 栽培池试验氮肥分别以5、20和40 cm深度分层施入, 利用¹⁵N同位素示踪技术研究不同株高夏玉米对氮素的吸收与利用特性。结果表明, 与67 500株 hm^-2种植密度比较, 82 500株 hm^-2种植密度夏玉米籽粒产量及氮素偏生产力显著提高。夏玉米吸收的氮素69.3%~77.3%来自土壤, 22.7%~30.7%来自肥料, 土壤氮和肥料氮收获指数分别为54.6%和57.5%。与67 500株 hm^-2种植密度比较, 82 500株 hm^-2种植密度矮秆品种DH661氮素积累来自肥料的比例显著降低, 中品种ZD958和高秆品种LD981没有显著变化; 中、高秆品种肥料氮收获指数显著降低, 矮秆品种增加。5 cm土层施氮对植株肥料氮积累量贡献率最大, 40 cm土层施氮对植株肥料氮的贡献率最小, 随着株高增加, 深层(40 cm)氮对植株肥料氮积累量的贡献率逐渐增加, 浅层(5 cm)氮对植株肥料氮积累量的贡献率逐渐降低。中、高秆品种对土壤深层40 cm施氮的氮肥回收率较高, 而矮秆品种对土壤浅层20 cm施氮的氮肥回收率较高; 20 cm和40 cm ¹⁵N在20~40 cm和40~60 cm土层残留量分别达到60%, 说明矮秆品种对20~40 cm土层氮素回收率较高, 中、高秆品种对40~60 cm土层氮素回收率较高。

关键词: 株高, 夏玉米, 土层深度, 氮素回收率, ¹⁵N同位素示踪

Abstract:

In order to explore nitrogen absorption and utilization characteristics of summer maize hybrids with different plant heights, high-stalk hybrid (Ludan 981, LD981), medium-stalk hybrid (Zhengdan 958, ZD958) and short-stalk hybrid (Denghai 661, DH661) were used in field experiment and and pool cultivation experiment¹⁵N isotopic dilutions. Results showed that the grain yield and partial factor productivity of fertilizer N (NPFP) at the planting density of 82 500 plants ha^-1 increased significantly compared with those at 67 500 plants ha^-1–40 cm soil layer, however, more N uptake of high-stalk and medium-stalk hybrids was from 40–60 cm soil layer.. The amounts of nitrogen derived from fertilizer N ranged from 69.3% to 77.3%, N harvest indexes of soil and fertilizer N were 54.6% and 57.4%, respectively. The proportion of N accumulation from fertilizer of short-stalk hybrid at 82 500 plants ha^-1 decreased significantly compared with those at 67 500 plants ha^-1, while the proportion of medium-stalk and high-stalk hybrids was not changed significantly. The fertilizer N harvest index of medium and high-stalk hybrids decreased significantly, while that of short-stalk hybrid increased significantly. ¹⁵N applied in 5 cm soil made the least contribution to the fertilizer nitrogen accumulation of whole plant, ¹⁵N application in 40 cm soil made the greatest contribution to the fertilizer nitrogen accumulation of whole plant. With the increase of plant height, the contribution of ¹⁵N in 40 cm soil to the fertilizer nitrogen accumulation gradually decreased. The N recovery rate (NRR) of high-stalk and medium-stalk hybrids at 40 cm soil layer was higher than that of 5 cm and 20 cm. Contrarily, NRR of short-stalk hybrid at 20 cm higher than that at 40 cm and 5 cm. Therefore, more N uptake of the short-stalk hybrid was from 20

Key words: Plant height, Summer maize, Soil depth, N recovery rate, ¹⁵N isotope

范霞，张吉旺*,任佰朝，李霞，赵斌，刘鹏，董树亭. 不同株高夏玉米品种的氮素吸收与利用特性[J]. 作物学报, 2014, 40(10): 1830-1838.

FAN Xia,ZHANG Ji-Wang*,REN Bai-Zhao,LI Xia,ZHAO Bin,IU Peng,DONG Shu-Ting. Nitrogen Uptake and Utilization of Summer Maize Hybrids with Different Plant Heights[J]. Acta Agron Sin, 2014, 40(10): 1830-1838.

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