作物学报 ›› 2015, Vol. 41 ›› Issue (01): 109-122.doi: 10.3724/SP.J.1006.2015.00109
张伟明,管学超,黄玉威,孙大荃,孟军,陈温福*
ZHANG Wei-Ming,GUAN Xue-Chao,HUANG Yu-Wei,SUN Da-Quan,MENG Jun,CHEN-Wen-Fu*
摘要:
以大豆品种铁丰40为试材,在2010—2011年的大田试验中调查生物炭与不同用量化肥配施对大豆生长发育、光合作用、产量与品质及肥料表观利用率等的影响。结果表明,炭/肥互作在不同程度上提高了大豆株高、叶片净光合速率与蒸腾速率,增加了叶、茎干物重。炭/肥互作对大豆生长前期的氮、磷吸收影响不明显,但随着生育期的推进,叶、茎对氮、磷吸收逐步增加,单株氮、磷积累量明显提高。炭/肥互作提高单株荚数、单株粒数、单株粒重和产量,平均比单施化肥增产13.2%。其中,在常规施肥量减少15%、30%和60%基础上增施生物炭,2年平均产量分别比常规施肥提高11.20%、11.00%和8.17%,平均增产10.1%。并且,炭/肥配施处理的蛋白质与脂肪总量明显优于单施化肥处理,表现为配施化肥量越少效应越明显。生物炭与化肥配施“减量增效”作用明显,可应用于大豆生产。
[1]闫湘, 金继运, 何萍, 梁鸣早. 提高肥料利用率技术研究进展. 中国农业科学, 2008, 41: 450–459Yan X, Jin J Y, He P, Liang M Z. Recent advances in technology of increasing fertilizer use efficiency. Sci Agric Sin, 2008, 41: 450–459 (in Chinese with English abstract)[2]全为民, 严力蛟. 农业面源污染对水体富营养化的影响及其防治措施. 生态学报, 2002, 22: 291–299Quan W M, Yan L J. Effects of agricultural nonpoint source pollution on eutrophication of water body and its control measure. Acta Ecol Sin, 2002, 22: 291–299 (in Chinese with English abstract)[3]Antal M J, Gronli M. The art, science and technology of charcoal production. Industr Engin Chem, 2003, 42: 1619–1640[4]Mizuta K, Matsumoto T, Hatate Y, Nishihara K, Nakanishi T. Removal of nitrate-nitrogen from drinking water using bamboo powder charcoal. Bioresourc Technol, 2004, 95: 255–257[5]Steiner C, Teixeira W G, Lehmann J, Nehls T, Macêdo J L V, BlumW E H, Zech W. Long term effects of manure, charcoal, and mineral: fertilization on crop production and fertility on a highly weathered central Amazonian upland soil. Plant Soil, 2007, 291: 275–290[6]Novak J M, Busscher W J, Laird D L, Ahmedna M W, Don W, Niandou M A S. Impact of biochar amendment on fertility of a southeastern coastal plain soil. Soil Sci, 2009, 174: 105–112[7]Oguntunde P G, Abiodun B J, Ajayi A E. Effects of charcoal production on soil physical properties in ghana. J Plant Nutr Soil Sci, 2008, 171: 591–596[8]Kleiner K. The bright prospect of biochar. Nature Reports-Climate Change, 2009, 3(6): 72–74[9]Liu X Y, Zhang A F, Ji C Y, Joseph S, Bian R J, Li L Q, Pan G X, Paz-Ferreiro J. Biochar’s effect on crop productivity and the dependence on experimental conditions a meta-analysis of literature data. Plant Soil, 2013, 373: 583–594[10]Partey S T, Preziosi R F, Robson G D. Short-term interactive effects of biochar, green manure, and inorganic fertilizer on soil properties and agronomic characteristics of maize. Agricultural Research, 2014, 3: 128–136[11]Lehmann J. A handful of carbon. Nature, 2007, 447: 143–144[12]鲍士旦. 土壤农化分析. 北京: 中国农业科技出版社, 2000. pp 39–264Bao S D. The agricultural and chemical analysis of soil. Beijing: China Agriculture Press, 2000. pp 39–264 (in Chinese)[13]邱丽娟, 常汝镇. 大豆种质资源描述规范和数据标准. 北京: 中国农业出版社, 2006Qiu L J, Chang L Z. Descriptors and data standard for soybean. Beijing: China Agriculture Press, 2006 (in Chinese)[14]Zhao X, Wang J W, Wang S Q, Xing G X. Successive straw biochar application as a strategy to sequester carbon and improve fertility: a pot experiment with two rice/wheat rotations in paddy soil. Plant Soil, 2014, 378: 279–294[15]陈温福, 张伟明, 孟军. 农用生物炭研究进展与前景. 中国农业科学, 2013, 46: 3324–3333Chen W F, Zhang W M, Meng J. Advances and prospects in research of biochar utilization in agriculture. Sci Agric Sin, 2013, 46: 3324–3333 (in Chinese with English abstract)[16]Bapat H, Manahan S E, Larsen D W. An activated carbon product prepared from milo (Sorghum vulgare) grain for use in hazardous waste gasification by chemchar cocurrent flow gasification. Chemosphere, 1999, 39: 23–32[17]Blackwell P, Krull E, Butler G, Herbert A, Solaiman Z. Effect of banded biochar on dryland wheat production and fertilizer use in southwestern Australia: an agronomic and economic perspective. Austr J Soil Res, 2010, 48: 531–545[18]张伟明, 孟军, 王嘉宇, 范淑秀, 陈温福. 生物炭对水稻根系形态与生理特性及产量的影响. 作物学报, 2013, 39: 1445–1451Zhang W M, Meng J, Wang J Y, Fan S X, Chen W F. Effect of biochar on root morphological and physiological characteristics and yield in rice. Act Agron Sin, 2013, 39: 1445–1451 (in Chinese with English abstract)[19]Kim J S, Sparovek G, Longo R M, De Melo W J, Crowley D. Bacterial diversity of terra preta and pristine forest soil from the Western Amazon. Soil Biol Biochem, 2007, 39: 684–690[20]Rondon M, Lehmann, J, Ramírez J, Hurtado M. Biological nitrogen fixation by common beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) increases with biochar additions. Biol Fert Soils, 2007, 43: 699–708[21]Warnock D D, Lehmann J, Kuyper T W, Rillig M C. Mycorrhizal responses to biochar in soil concepts and mechanisms. Plant Soil, 2007, 300: 9–20 |
[1] | 陈玲玲, 李战, 刘亭萱, 谷勇哲, 宋健, 王俊, 邱丽娟. 基于783份大豆种质资源的叶柄夹角全基因组关联分析[J]. 作物学报, 2022, 48(6): 1333-1345. |
[2] | 王丹, 周宝元, 马玮, 葛均筑, 丁在松, 李从锋, 赵明. 长江中游双季玉米种植模式周年气候资源分配与利用特征[J]. 作物学报, 2022, 48(6): 1437-1450. |
[3] | 王旺年, 葛均筑, 杨海昌, 阴法庭, 黄太利, 蒯婕, 王晶, 汪波, 周广生, 傅廷栋. 大田作物在不同盐碱地的饲料价值评价[J]. 作物学报, 2022, 48(6): 1451-1462. |
[4] | 颜佳倩, 顾逸彪, 薛张逸, 周天阳, 葛芊芊, 张耗, 刘立军, 王志琴, 顾骏飞, 杨建昌, 周振玲, 徐大勇. 耐盐性不同水稻品种对盐胁迫的响应差异及其机制[J]. 作物学报, 2022, 48(6): 1463-1475. |
[5] | 杨欢, 周颖, 陈平, 杜青, 郑本川, 蒲甜, 温晶, 杨文钰, 雍太文. 玉米-豆科作物带状间套作对养分吸收利用及产量优势的影响[J]. 作物学报, 2022, 48(6): 1476-1487. |
[6] | 陈静, 任佰朝, 赵斌, 刘鹏, 张吉旺. 叶面喷施甜菜碱对不同播期夏玉米产量形成及抗氧化能力的调控[J]. 作物学报, 2022, 48(6): 1502-1515. |
[7] | 李祎君, 吕厚荃. 气候变化背景下农业气象灾害对东北地区春玉米产量影响[J]. 作物学报, 2022, 48(6): 1537-1545. |
[8] | 王炫栋, 杨孙玉悦, 高润杰, 余俊杰, 郑丹沛, 倪峰, 蒋冬花. 拮抗大豆斑疹病菌放线菌菌株的筛选和促生作用及防效研究[J]. 作物学报, 2022, 48(6): 1546-1557. |
[9] | 石艳艳, 马志花, 吴春花, 周永瑾, 李荣. 垄作沟覆地膜对旱地马铃薯光合特性及产量形成的影响[J]. 作物学报, 2022, 48(5): 1288-1297. |
[10] | 于春淼, 张勇, 王好让, 杨兴勇, 董全中, 薛红, 张明明, 李微微, 王磊, 胡凯凤, 谷勇哲, 邱丽娟. 栽培大豆×半野生大豆高密度遗传图谱构建及株高QTL定位[J]. 作物学报, 2022, 48(5): 1091-1102. |
[11] | 李阿立, 冯雅楠, 李萍, 张东升, 宗毓铮, 林文, 郝兴宇. 大豆叶片响应CO2浓度升高、干旱及其交互作用的转录组分析[J]. 作物学报, 2022, 48(5): 1103-1118. |
[12] | 彭西红, 陈平, 杜青, 杨雪丽, 任俊波, 郑本川, 罗凯, 谢琛, 雷鹿, 雍太文, 杨文钰. 减量施氮对带状套作大豆土壤通气环境及结瘤固氮的影响[J]. 作物学报, 2022, 48(5): 1199-1209. |
[13] | 闫晓宇, 郭文君, 秦都林, 王双磊, 聂军军, 赵娜, 祁杰, 宋宪亮, 毛丽丽, 孙学振. 滨海盐碱地棉花秸秆还田和深松对棉花干物质积累、养分吸收及产量的影响[J]. 作物学报, 2022, 48(5): 1235-1247. |
[14] | 柯健, 陈婷婷, 吴周, 朱铁忠, 孙杰, 何海兵, 尤翠翠, 朱德泉, 武立权. 沿江双季稻北缘区晚稻适宜品种类型及高产群体特征[J]. 作物学报, 2022, 48(4): 1005-1016. |
[15] | 王好让, 张勇, 于春淼, 董全中, 李微微, 胡凯凤, 张明明, 薛红, 杨梦平, 宋继玲, 王磊, 杨兴勇, 邱丽娟. 大豆突变体ygl2黄绿叶基因的精细定位[J]. 作物学报, 2022, 48(4): 791-800. |
|