作物学报 ›› 2015, Vol. 41 ›› Issue (01): 109-122.doi: 10.3724/SP.J.1006.2015.00109
张伟明,管学超,黄玉威,孙大荃,孟军,陈温福*
ZHANG Wei-Ming,GUAN Xue-Chao,HUANG Yu-Wei,SUN Da-Quan,MENG Jun,CHEN-Wen-Fu*
摘要:
以大豆品种铁丰40为试材,在2010—2011年的大田试验中调查生物炭与不同用量化肥配施对大豆生长发育、光合作用、产量与品质及肥料表观利用率等的影响。结果表明,炭/肥互作在不同程度上提高了大豆株高、叶片净光合速率与蒸腾速率,增加了叶、茎干物重。炭/肥互作对大豆生长前期的氮、磷吸收影响不明显,但随着生育期的推进,叶、茎对氮、磷吸收逐步增加,单株氮、磷积累量明显提高。炭/肥互作提高单株荚数、单株粒数、单株粒重和产量,平均比单施化肥增产13.2%。其中,在常规施肥量减少15%、30%和60%基础上增施生物炭,2年平均产量分别比常规施肥提高11.20%、11.00%和8.17%,平均增产10.1%。并且,炭/肥配施处理的蛋白质与脂肪总量明显优于单施化肥处理,表现为配施化肥量越少效应越明显。生物炭与化肥配施“减量增效”作用明显,可应用于大豆生产。
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