作物学报 ›› 2015, Vol. 41 ›› Issue (01): 109-122.doi: 10.3724/SP.J.1006.2015.00109
张伟明,管学超,黄玉威,孙大荃,孟军,陈温福*
ZHANG Wei-Ming,GUAN Xue-Chao,HUANG Yu-Wei,SUN Da-Quan,MENG Jun,CHEN-Wen-Fu*
摘要:
以大豆品种铁丰40为试材,在2010—2011年的大田试验中调查生物炭与不同用量化肥配施对大豆生长发育、光合作用、产量与品质及肥料表观利用率等的影响。结果表明,炭/肥互作在不同程度上提高了大豆株高、叶片净光合速率与蒸腾速率,增加了叶、茎干物重。炭/肥互作对大豆生长前期的氮、磷吸收影响不明显,但随着生育期的推进,叶、茎对氮、磷吸收逐步增加,单株氮、磷积累量明显提高。炭/肥互作提高单株荚数、单株粒数、单株粒重和产量,平均比单施化肥增产13.2%。其中,在常规施肥量减少15%、30%和60%基础上增施生物炭,2年平均产量分别比常规施肥提高11.20%、11.00%和8.17%,平均增产10.1%。并且,炭/肥配施处理的蛋白质与脂肪总量明显优于单施化肥处理,表现为配施化肥量越少效应越明显。生物炭与化肥配施“减量增效”作用明显,可应用于大豆生产。
| [1]闫湘, 金继运, 何萍, 梁鸣早. 提高肥料利用率技术研究进展. 中国农业科学, 2008, 41: 450–459Yan X, Jin J Y, He P, Liang M Z. Recent advances in technology of increasing fertilizer use efficiency. Sci Agric Sin, 2008, 41: 450–459 (in Chinese with English abstract)[2]全为民, 严力蛟. 农业面源污染对水体富营养化的影响及其防治措施. 生态学报, 2002, 22: 291–299Quan W M, Yan L J. Effects of agricultural nonpoint source pollution on eutrophication of water body and its control measure. Acta Ecol Sin, 2002, 22: 291–299 (in Chinese with English abstract)[3]Antal M J, Gronli M. The art, science and technology of charcoal production. Industr Engin Chem, 2003, 42: 1619–1640[4]Mizuta K, Matsumoto T, Hatate Y, Nishihara K, Nakanishi T. Removal of nitrate-nitrogen from drinking water using bamboo powder charcoal. Bioresourc Technol, 2004, 95: 255–257[5]Steiner C, Teixeira W G, Lehmann J, Nehls T, Macêdo J L V, BlumW E H, Zech W. Long term effects of manure, charcoal, and mineral: fertilization on crop production and fertility on a highly weathered central Amazonian upland soil. Plant Soil, 2007, 291: 275–290[6]Novak J M, Busscher W J, Laird D L, Ahmedna M W, Don W, Niandou M A S. Impact of biochar amendment on fertility of a southeastern coastal plain soil. Soil Sci, 2009, 174: 105–112[7]Oguntunde P G, Abiodun B J, Ajayi A E. Effects of charcoal production on soil physical properties in ghana. J Plant Nutr Soil Sci, 2008, 171: 591–596[8]Kleiner K. The bright prospect of biochar. Nature Reports-Climate Change, 2009, 3(6): 72–74[9]Liu X Y, Zhang A F, Ji C Y, Joseph S, Bian R J, Li L Q, Pan G X, Paz-Ferreiro J. Biochar’s effect on crop productivity and the dependence on experimental conditions a meta-analysis of literature data. Plant Soil, 2013, 373: 583–594[10]Partey S T, Preziosi R F, Robson G D. Short-term interactive effects of biochar, green manure, and inorganic fertilizer on soil properties and agronomic characteristics of maize. Agricultural Research, 2014, 3: 128–136[11]Lehmann J. A handful of carbon. Nature, 2007, 447: 143–144[12]鲍士旦. 土壤农化分析. 北京: 中国农业科技出版社, 2000. pp 39–264Bao S D. The agricultural and chemical analysis of soil. Beijing: China Agriculture Press, 2000. pp 39–264 (in Chinese)[13]邱丽娟, 常汝镇. 大豆种质资源描述规范和数据标准. 北京: 中国农业出版社, 2006Qiu L J, Chang L Z. Descriptors and data standard for soybean. Beijing: China Agriculture Press, 2006 (in Chinese)[14]Zhao X, Wang J W, Wang S Q, Xing G X. Successive straw biochar application as a strategy to sequester carbon and improve fertility: a pot experiment with two rice/wheat rotations in paddy soil. Plant Soil, 2014, 378: 279–294[15]陈温福, 张伟明, 孟军. 农用生物炭研究进展与前景. 中国农业科学, 2013, 46: 3324–3333Chen W F, Zhang W M, Meng J. Advances and prospects in research of biochar utilization in agriculture. Sci Agric Sin, 2013, 46: 3324–3333 (in Chinese with English abstract)[16]Bapat H, Manahan S E, Larsen D W. An activated carbon product prepared from milo (Sorghum vulgare) grain for use in hazardous waste gasification by chemchar cocurrent flow gasification. Chemosphere, 1999, 39: 23–32[17]Blackwell P, Krull E, Butler G, Herbert A, Solaiman Z. Effect of banded biochar on dryland wheat production and fertilizer use in southwestern Australia: an agronomic and economic perspective. Austr J Soil Res, 2010, 48: 531–545[18]张伟明, 孟军, 王嘉宇, 范淑秀, 陈温福. 生物炭对水稻根系形态与生理特性及产量的影响. 作物学报, 2013, 39: 1445–1451Zhang W M, Meng J, Wang J Y, Fan S X, Chen W F. Effect of biochar on root morphological and physiological characteristics and yield in rice. Act Agron Sin, 2013, 39: 1445–1451 (in Chinese with English abstract)[19]Kim J S, Sparovek G, Longo R M, De Melo W J, Crowley D. Bacterial diversity of terra preta and pristine forest soil from the Western Amazon. Soil Biol Biochem, 2007, 39: 684–690[20]Rondon M, Lehmann, J, Ramírez J, Hurtado M. Biological nitrogen fixation by common beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) increases with biochar additions. Biol Fert Soils, 2007, 43: 699–708[21]Warnock D D, Lehmann J, Kuyper T W, Rillig M C. Mycorrhizal responses to biochar in soil concepts and mechanisms. Plant Soil, 2007, 300: 9–20 |
| [1] | 张鸿蓉, 王菲儿, 李盼, 仇海龙, 朱静, 赵连豪, 南运有, 何蔚, 樊志龙, 胡发龙, 柴强, 殷文. 减量20%灌水与25%有机肥替代化肥提高青贮玉米产量的光合特性[J]. 作物学报, 2026, 52(5): 1487-1500. |
| [2] | 王宇诚, 张露, 刘阿康, 黄见良, 彭少兵, 袁珅. 基于产量差的作物大面积单产提升策略与展望[J]. 作物学报, 2026, 52(5): 1279-1290. |
| [3] | 赵佳雪, 周龙昊, 郭岂源, 尚伦霄, 王涵, 刘志涛, 陈曦, 张晓佩, 宋宪亮, 毛丽丽. 长期秸秆还田与深松通过改善土壤环境与棉花光合特性提高滨海盐碱地棉花产量[J]. 作物学报, 2026, 52(5): 1548-1560. |
| [4] | 郭星宇, 胡丹, 林苏期, 王梦凯, 谭文峰, 黄传琴. 生物炭配施化肥提高玉米‖大豆下玉米产量和土壤生态系统多功能性[J]. 作物学报, 2026, 52(5): 1536-1547. |
| [5] | 张振, 冯连杰, 石玉, 于振文, 张永丽. 节水补灌下不同穗型小麦产量形成差异研究[J]. 作物学报, 2026, 52(5): 1522-1535. |
| [6] | 闫安, 蒋昆炜, 王蓉圆, 田林, 张璐, 王韵, 徐建龙. 水稻剑叶小维管束数基因SVN7的鉴定与克隆[J]. 作物学报, 2026, 52(5): 1364-1372. |
| [7] | 刘昕萌, 任昊, 张继波, 张吉旺, 赵斌, 任佰朝, 刘鹏, 王洪章. 茉莉酸甲酯(MeJA)缓解高温影响玉米雌穗分化的生理机制[J]. 作物学报, 2026, 52(5): 1561-1572. |
| [8] | 王壮壮, 武紫君, 张永新, 张芯源, 袁丽雪, 陈如雪, 刘世举, 段剑钊, 冯伟, 王同朝, 王永华. 豫东南黏壤潮土区水氮优化协同提高冬小麦产量和氮素利用效率[J]. 作物学报, 2026, 52(5): 1501-1521. |
| [9] | 张思思, 赵向辉, 周洋, 姚云凤, 朱荣昱, 董元杰, 胡国庆, 徐通, 刘兆新. 冬闲期翻耕和绿肥还田对连作花生田土壤理化性质和产量的影响[J]. 作物学报, 2026, 52(5): 1472-1486. |
| [10] | 姚术, 郭凯悦, 翟慧慧, 姚佳慧, 邓文琪, 闫玲, 黄驰, 高阳, 俞嫣然, 赵振邦, 李英慧, 王晓波, 李佳佳. 大豆苗期耐低铁综合评价及优异种质筛选[J]. 作物学报, 2026, 52(5): 1373-1387. |
| [11] | 张宁宁, 滕雨菲, 任娜娜, 魏兴卓, 闫书豪, 樊可心, 王永宏, 陈文康, 张兴华, 朱万超, 徐淑兔, 薛吉全. 201份玉米自交系抗旱表型评价及可塑性分析[J]. 作物学报, 2026, 52(5): 1309-1325. |
| [12] | 侯思宇, 王国璀, 韦金贵, 谢玮欣, 殷文, 樊志龙, 柴强, 胡发龙. 绿肥配施化学氮肥对西北干旱灌区小麦干物质积累及产量形成的影响[J]. 作物学报, 2026, 52(4): 1208-1219. |
| [13] | 尚云秋, 赵竹, 陈欢, 丁永刚, 乔玉强, 李玮, 张向前, 曹承富, 杜世州. 长期定位耕作方式对雨养小麦籽粒灌浆和产量形成的影响[J]. 作物学报, 2026, 52(4): 1236-1250. |
| [14] | 蔡宏玮, 于爱忠, 姜科强, 王鹏飞, 王玉珑, 霍建喆, 庞小能, 尹波, 尚永盼. 干旱灌区有机肥替代部分化肥促进甜玉米产量提升的关键机制[J]. 作物学报, 2026, 52(4): 1166-1180. |
| [15] | 崔雪梅, 柳妍娣, 刘景辉, 米俊珍, 武俊英, 赵宝平. 不同基因型燕麦强弱势粒生理特性与产量关系研究[J]. 作物学报, 2026, 52(4): 1220-1235. |
|
||