关键词: 水稻, 耐镉基因型, 活性氧系统, 根系活力, 乙烯

Abstract: Cadmium (Cd) is one of major contaminants in agricultural soil, threatening agricultural production and human health. To understand agronomic and physiological characteristics of rice genotypes differing in Cd-tolerance would have great significance in selecting or breeding a Cd-tolerant cultivar. In this study, two Cd-tolerant rice genotypes of Shanyou 63 (indica hybrid) and Yangjing 9538 (japonica) and two Cd-susceptible genotypes of Yangdao 6 (indica) and Wuyunjing 7 (japonica) were pot-grown at a farm of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu Province in 2004 and 2005. 150 mg kg^-1 Cd was added into pot soil before seedling transplanting (Cd treatment), and no Cd addition was taken as control (CK). Under the Cd treatment, the grain yield was reduced by 6.2–8.9% for the Cd-tolerant genotypes and by 38.3–47.1% for the Cd-susceptible ones when compared with their respective CKs. The reduction in grain yield was mainly attributed to the reductions of panicles per pot and spikelets per panicle. The differences in seed-setting rate and 1 000-grain weight were not significant between the Cd treatment and CK. The Cd treatment markedly inhibited the tillering of the Cd-susceptible genotypes, resulting in the reduction in dry matter accumulation during the whole growth period. Cd little affected the translocation of non-structural carbohydrate from culms and sheaths and harvest index. For Cd-susceptible genotypes, the Cd treatment significantly reduced root oxidation activity and photosynthetic rate, activities of superoxide dismutase and catalase of leaves, and obviously increased contents of superoxidate radical and hydrogen peroxide and ethylene evolution rate of leaves, and the concentration of 1-aminocylopropane-1-carboxylic acid in root bleedings from the tillering to jointing stages, while the Cd treatment much less affected the above physiological traits for the Cd-tolerant genotypes. The differences in the above traits at heading and afterwards and abscisic acid content in leaves during the whole growth period were not significant between the Cd treatment and CK. The results indicate that the effects of Cd on rice growth and development are mainly during the early growth period (from tillering to jointing), and more tillers, stronger root activity and antioxidative defense system, and less ethylene synthesis in the plants during this period would be considered as agronomic and physiological traits of Cd-tolerant genotypes of rice.

Key words: Rice, Cadmium-tolerant genotype, Reactive oxygen species, Root activity, Ethylene