作物学报 ›› 2017, Vol. 43 ›› Issue (04): 596-607.doi: 10.3724/SP.J.1006.2017.00596
陈光荣1,2,王立明1,杨如萍1,董博1,杨桂芳3,张国宏1,*,杨文钰2,*
CHEN Guang-Rong1,2,WANG Li-Ming1,YANG Ru-Ping1,DONG Bo1,YANG Gui-Fang3,ZHANG Guo-Hong1,*,YANG Wen-Yu2,*
摘要:
根据西北一熟制灌区土壤养分条件以及马铃薯-大豆系统中作物养分吸收互补的特点,选用马铃薯品种费乌瑞它和大豆品种冀豆12作为试验材料,设置3重复随机区组试验,小区处理最优施肥(OPT:N、P、K分别为180、135、135 kg hm–2)、最优减N (OPT-N)、最优减P (OPT-P)、最优减K (OPT-K)、最优减1/3N(OPT-1/3N)、最优增1/3N (OPT +1/3N)、最优减1/3P (OPT-1/3P)、最优增1/3P (OPT +1/3P)、最优减1/3K (OPT-1/3K)和不施肥(CK) 10个处理。通过2012—2013连续2年大田试验的验证,系统分析N、P、K对套作马铃薯及套作大豆产量及产量构成因素的影响。结果表明,OPT-N处理与OPT处理套作马铃薯产量差异最大(11 653.86 kg hm–2);OPT-P处理与OPT处理套作大豆产量差异最大(751.55 kg hm–2),差异均达到显著水平(P<0.05),说明影响套作马铃薯、套作大豆产量的最大的因素分别是N和P。随N水平递增,套作马铃薯产量呈现递增的趋势,OPT+1/3N处理产量最高为50 231.85 kg hm–2;套作大豆产量则呈现先增后减的趋势,OPT处理产量最高为3373.55 kg hm–2,方差分析表明,OPT和OPT+1/3N各处理套作马铃薯产量差异不显著,OPT-1/3N、OPT、OPT+1/3N各处理套作大豆产量差异不显著。随P素水平增加,套作马铃薯和套作大豆产量均呈现增加趋势,OPT+1/3P处理下套作马铃薯、套作大豆产量均最高,分别为52 430.03 kg hm–2和3637.13 kg hm–2,同样在OPT+1/3P处理下,套作马铃薯平均单薯最重,套作大豆有效荚数、每荚粒数及单株粒数均最高,2年平均分别为185.13、74.24、1.87和139.15 g。综合考虑薯豆套作产量效应及养分利用效率,OPT施肥方案中,N适宜,P偏低,K偏高。
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