作物学报 ›› 2018, Vol. 44 ›› Issue (9): 1411-1429.doi: 10.3724/SP.J.1006.2018.01411
• 研究简报 • 上一篇
樊廷录1,*(),王淑英1,续创业2,李尚中1,王甲玺2,王克如3,赵刚1,程万莉1,张建军1,王磊1,党翼1
Ting-Lu FAN1,*(),Shu-Ying WANG1,Chuang-Ye XU2,Shang-Zhong LI1,Jia-Xi WANG2,Ke-Ru WANG3,Gang ZHAO1,Wan-Li CHENG1,Jian-Jun ZHANG1,Lei WANG1,Yi DANG1
摘要:
玉米机械粒收是全程机械化的关键, 但存在着籽粒破碎、果穗和落粒损失严重等备受关注的问题。开展机械粒收质量及其影响因素研究, 对推进旱作玉米机械粒收技术应用具有重要意义。本研究选择国内玉米主栽品种33个, 于2016-2017年在甘肃泾川同一地块上用福田雷沃谷神收割机械粒收, 分析籽粒水分与机械粒收质量指标的关系。结果表明, 基因型差异是造成玉米机械粒收质量不同的主要原因, 两年收获时平均籽粒水分26.05%, 破碎率7.47%, 产量损失率3.25%, 落穗损失率2.58%, 杂质率1.04%; 籽粒水分(X)与破碎率(Y1)、产量损失率(Y2)显著正相关, 并且存在Y1 = 0.027X 2-0.987X+14.06 (R 2 = 0.373 **, n = 51), Y2 = 0.052X 2-2.223X+24.86 (R 2 = 0.418 **, n = 51)的变化关系, 籽粒水分依次下降到18.3%、21.4%时, 对应的破碎率(5.1%)、产量损失率(1.1%)最低, 即在一定含水率范围内随着籽粒水分的增加破碎率、产量损失率升高, 机械粒收的籽粒适宜水分为18%~22%, 破碎率可控制在5.0%~5.5%的范围内; 籽粒水分对落穗损失的影响大于落粒损失, 随着籽粒水分增加落穗损失率增加的幅度明显高于落粒损失率的升高; 各因素对玉米机械粒收产量损失的影响为: 落穗损失率(0.924)>籽粒水分(0.048)>破碎率(0.043), 因而籽粒水分高和落穗损失量大是影响黄土高原旱作玉米机械粒收质量的主要因素。
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