作物学报 ›› 2018, Vol. 44 ›› Issue (10): 1448-1458.doi: 10.3724/SP.J.1006.2018.01448
江红1,2,孙石2,宋雯雯2,吴存祥2,武婷婷2,胡水秀1,*(),韩天富2,*()
Hong JIANG1,2,Shi SUN2,Wen-Wen SONG2,Cun-Xiang WU2,Ting-Ting WU2,Shui-Xiu HU1,*(),Tian-Fu HAN2,*()
摘要:
于2014?2015年对60份不同地理来源、生育期组为MGIII的大豆品种进行生育期结构分析和E基因型鉴定表明, 不同地理来源的MGIII大豆品种生育期相近, 但生育期结构差异较大。来自中国北方和美国的MGIII组春大豆品种营养生长期(V期)较短(开花较早), 生殖生长期(R期)较长, R期与V期的比值(R/V)较高; 黄淮海品种和南方MGIII组品种V期较长(开花较晚), R期较短, R期与V期的比值(R/V)较低。北方春大豆MGIII组品种的开花期受播期影响较其他地区同生育期组品种更为明显。中国MGIII组大豆品种存在6种E基因型, 其中E1e2E3E4和e1-asE2E3E4分布区域广, 覆盖播季类型多, 而在8个美国MGIII组品种中只鉴定出1种E基因型(e1-asE2E3E4), 表明中国大豆品种在生育期结构性状上存在更为丰富的遗传变异。通过比较不同播期下MGIII大豆品种E基因在生育期性状上的平均效应值发现, 含显性位点越多的材料, 其V期越长, R期越短, R/V值越小。反之亦然。不同E基因对开花、成熟期的增强效果不尽相同, 且春播时各显性基因的效应值均比夏播时大。不同地理来源MGIII组大豆品种农艺性状存在明显差异, 且与生育期结构存在显著相关性。中国北方春大豆品种底荚高度与R/V值负相关, 但单株荚数与R/V值正相关; 黄淮海大豆品种的分枝数、单株荚数、百粒重与R/V间无显著相关性; 南方大豆品种分枝数与V期呈显著负相关。试验结果可为大豆品种生育期结构的改良及适应不同环境的品种选育提供依据。
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