不同灌溉条件下冠菌素对大豆光合特性与产量的调控效应

doi:10.3724/SP.J.1006.2019.94035

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

干旱是限制大豆丰产稳产的重要因素之一, 利用生物调节剂提高大豆耐旱性是生产中一种新型的生物节水管理模式。本研究在常规灌溉与无灌溉条件下, 采用生物调节剂冠菌素(COR)于大豆初花期进行叶面喷施处理, 研究COR对植株农艺性状、叶片水势和光合特征、产量及其构成因素的调控效应。试验结果表明: 在正常灌溉条件下, COR处理对大豆叶片水势、叶绿素含量、光合速率、叶绿素荧光参数、RuBP羧化酶和SPS活性等影响较小, 与对照相比其产量和生物量差异不显著。但在生长季无灌溉的雨养条件下, COR处理会显著提高大豆开花后叶片水势、叶绿素含量、光合速率和叶绿素荧光参数, 增加叶片RuBP羧化酶和SPS活性, 改善大豆产量构成因素, 最终导致籽粒产量增加。总之, 在雨养条件下, COR对大豆光合特征和产量形成具有积极的调控效应。

关键词: 冠菌素, 灌溉, 大豆, 光合特性, 产量

Abstract:

Drought is one of the important factors limiting the high and stable yield of soybean, and an important problem restricting the sustainable production of soybean in China. Using biological regulators to improve the drought tolerance of soybean in production is a new feasible biological water-saving mode. In this study, the field experiments were conducted to investigate the effects of coronatine (COR) on leaf water potential, photosynthetic characteristics, plant traits, yield and its components of soybean under conventional irrigation and no irrigation conditions from 2015 to 2016. Under conventional irrigation conditions, COR could not change the values of leaf water potential, chlorophyll content, photosynthetic rate, chlorophyll fluorescence parameters, and activities of RuBP carboxylase and SPS in soybean leaves compared to control. And there was no significant difference in yield and biomass between COR treatment and control. However, under no irrigation conditions, COR significantly increased the leaf water potential, chlorophyll content, photosynthetic rate and chlorophyll fluorescence parameters, as well as the activities of RuBP carboxylase and SPS of soybean leaves, thus improved the yield and yield components. These results suggest that COR has a positive regulatory effect on photosynthetic characteristics and yield formation of soybean under no irrigation conditions, and can be used as a new technical means for cultivation preventing drought resistance in soybean production.

Key words: coronatine, irrigation, soybean, photosynthetic characteristics, yield

鱼海跃,闫岩,张钰石,张明才,李召虎. 不同灌溉条件下冠菌素对大豆光合特性与产量的调控效应[J]. 作物学报, 2019, 45(12): 1851-1858.

Hai-Yue YU,Yan YAN,Yu-Shi ZHANG,Ming-Cai ZHANG,Zhao-Hu LI. Regulatory effects of coronatine on photosynthetic characteristics and yield of soybean under different irrigation conditions[J]. Acta Agronomica Sinica, 2019, 45(12): 1851-1858.

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年度 Year	灌溉 Irrigation	处理 Treatment	株荚数 Pods per plant	株粒数 Grains per plant	百粒重 100-grain weight (g)	产量 Yield (kg hm^-2)
2016	正常灌溉 Conventional irrigation	CK	35.6 a	73.6 a	22.4 a	3216 a
	正常灌溉 Conventional irrigation	COR	36.2 a	74.2 a	22.6 a	3283 a
	不灌溉 Non-irrigation	CK	27.6 c	55.4 c	17.2 c	2016 c
	不灌溉 Non-irrigation	COR	29.8 b	60.1 b	18.6 b	2185 b
2015	正常灌溉 Conventional irrigation	CK	33.9 a	63.4 a	21.8 a	3012 a
	正常灌溉 Conventional irrigation	COR	34.2 a	65.1 a	22.1 a	3078 a
	不灌溉 Non- irrigation	CK	25.7 c	43.2 c	17.1 c	1548 c
	不灌溉 Non- irrigation	COR	27.6 b	50.3 b	18.4 b	1877 b

年度 Year	灌溉 Irrigation	处理 Treatment	单株分枝数 Branches per plant	株高 Height (cm)	单株节数 Nodes	单株生物量 Biomass (g)
2016	正常灌溉 Conventional irrigation	CK	2.1 a	81.3 a	16.1 a	33.8 a
	正常灌溉 Conventional irrigation	COR	2.2 a	80.6 a	16.4 a	34.0 a
	不灌溉 Non-irrigation	CK	1.1 b	70.6 c	15.1 b	27.3 c
	不灌溉 Non-irrigation	COR	1.2 b	75.9 b	15.2 b	28.7 b
2015	正常灌溉 Conventional irrigation	CK	1.8 a	76.5 a	15.1 a	31.2 b
	正常灌溉 Conventional irrigation	COR	1.7 a	73.8 a	14.9 a	32.1 a
	不灌溉 Non- irrigation	CK	0.7 b	60.4 c	13.8 b	24.1 c
	不灌溉 Non- irrigation	COR	0.9 b	67.3 b	14.0 b	26.2 b