作物学报 ›› 2020, Vol. 46 ›› Issue (3): 365-384.doi: 10.3724/SP.J.1006.2020.91044
解松峰1,2,*,吉万全1,*(),张耀元1,*,张俊杰1,胡卫国3,李俊4,王长有1,张宏1,陈春环1
Song-Feng XIE1,2,*,Wan-Quan JI1,*(),Yao-Yuan ZHANG1,*,Jun-Jie ZHANG1,Wei-Guo HU3,Jun LI4,Chang-You WANG1,Hong ZHANG1,Chun-Huan CHEN1
摘要:
以单株产量等为代表的重要性状是选育小麦高产良种的主攻目标性状, 分析小麦重要产量性状的数量遗传特性, 为深入研究其遗传机制提供依据。本研究选用品冬34为母本(P1)和BARRAN为父本(P2)配置杂交组合, 在2年4个环境下应用主基因+多基因混合遗传模型方法对该组合单世代(P1、P2、RIL7:8、RIL8:9)单株产量、千粒重、株高、穗下节间长、旗叶上节间长和分蘖数进行遗传及相关分析。结果表明, 除千粒重和分蘖数外, 其余性状间均显著或极显著相关, 穗下节间长与旗叶上节间长平均相关系数达0.91 (P≤0.001)。最优遗传模型对于单株产量是4对加性上位性主基因+多基因遗传模型, 其主基因加性效应值分别为3.78、2.89、-6.18和0.15, 多基因遗传率为86.23%; 对于千粒重是2对互补作用主基因+加性效应多基因混合遗传模型, 多基因加性效应值是22.37, 主基因遗传率为66.96%, 多基因遗传率为28.25%; 对于株高是2对累积作用主基因+加性作用多基因混合遗传模型, 控制株高的第1对主基因加性效应值是5.15, 加性×加性上位性互作效应值为-9.66, 多基因加性效应值为-9.31, 主基因遗传率为58.57%, 多基因遗传率为39.71%; 对于穗下节间长和旗叶上节间长均是加性-上位性多基因遗传模型, 其主基因遗传率分别为97.65%和99.14%; 对于分蘖数是加性-上位性多基因混合遗传模型, 主基因遗传率为78.89%, 多基因遗传率为19.87%。这些性状在多个环境下主要受主基因+多基因混合遗传控制。在选育优良品系的过程中, 要兼顾适应生态环境条件的重要表现, 进一步为筛选与目标性状紧密连锁标记及推进分子标记辅助选择提供理论依据。
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