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作物学报 ›› 2020, Vol. 46 ›› Issue (7): 1087-1098.doi: 10.3724/SP.J.1006.2020.92062

• 耕作栽培·生理生化 • 上一篇    下一篇

灌浆温度和氮肥及其互作效应对稻米贮藏蛋白组分的影响

韩展誉1,管弦悦1,赵倩1,吴春艳2,黄福灯2,潘刚1,程方民1,*()   

  1. 1 浙江大学农业与生物技术学院, 浙江杭州 310058
    2 浙江省农业科学院, 浙江杭州310021
  • 收稿日期:2019-11-28 接受日期:2020-03-24 出版日期:2020-07-12 网络出版日期:2020-04-10
  • 通讯作者: 程方民
  • 作者简介:E-mail: 21716125@zju.edu.cn
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金项目(31871566);国家重点研发计划项目(2016YFD0300502);国家重点研发计划项目(2017YFD0300103)

Individual and combined effects of air temperature at filling stage and nitrogen application on storage protein accumulation and its different components in rice grains

HAN Zhan-Yu1,GUAN Xian-Yue1,ZHAO Qian1,WU Chun-Yan2,HUANG Fu-Deng2,PAN Gang1,CHENG Fang-Min1,*()   

  1. 1 College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, Zhejiang, China
    2 Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, Zhejiang, China
  • Received:2019-11-28 Accepted:2020-03-24 Published:2020-07-12 Published online:2020-04-10
  • Contact: Fang-Min CHENG
  • Supported by:
    National Natural Science Foundation of China(31871566);National Key Research and Development Program of China(2016YFD0300502);National Key Research and Development Program of China(2017YFD0300103)

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摘要：

灌浆结实期温度与氮肥施用量是影响稻米品质的两个重要生态因子, 尤其是与稻米蛋白含量及米饭食味关系密切。本文以多个水稻主栽品种为材料, 通过灌浆结实期的人工控温试验、大田长期定位点的施氮处理试验和盆栽条件下的温氮两因素复合处理试验, 探讨了水稻灌浆结实期温度对稻米贮藏蛋白含量与组分影响及其有别于氮肥处理效应的差异规律, 并分析了温度与氮肥两个因素对稻米贮藏蛋白及其组分影响的交互作用特点。结果表明, 高温胁迫和增施氮肥均引起水稻籽粒总蛋白及其谷蛋白组分含量(%)的显著增加, 但两者对稻米醇溶蛋白影响却存在明显差别。其中, 高温处理引起醇溶蛋白含量显著下降, 提高稻米谷蛋白/醇溶蛋白比值, 而增施氮肥引起稻米谷蛋白和醇溶蛋白含量明显增加, 但对谷蛋白/醇溶蛋白比值与贮藏蛋白各亚基的组成比例影响相对较小。在高温处理下, 谷蛋白的57 kD前体亚基组分含量有所提高, 而37 kD酸性亚基和22 kD碱性亚基随温度处理的差异变化却因品种而异, 且高温处理对水稻籽粒蛋白绝对含量(mg grain-1)的影响程度也远没有其对蛋白相对含量(%)的影响明显。高氮×高温处理组合对稻米总蛋白与谷蛋白含量的影响程度显著大于单一高温或高氮处理, 但在高氮水平下由高温引起稻米醇溶蛋白含量的下降幅度却小于其低氮对照, 有利于稻米醇溶蛋白含量在不同温度处理下的相对稳定。

关键词: 水稻, 灌浆温度, 氮肥, 贮藏蛋白, 稻米品质

Abstract:

Air temperature during grain-filling stage and application amount of nitrogen fertilizer are two of most important factors affecting rice grain quality, which largely related to grain protein content and cooking palatability. In this paper, the difference in grain protein content and its composition was investigated using different rice varieties, with different temperature treatments under artificial controlled condition and three nitrogen application levels in a long-term experiment field. Meanwhile, another experiment of two factors (temperature and nitrogen) in pot condition was conducted to clarity the interaction effects of temperature and nitrogen on grain protein content and its components. The higher temperature (HT) and heavier N application (HN) significantly enhanced the total protein content and glutelin accumulation in rice grain. However, HT differed obviously from HN in their impact on grain prolamin. HT significantly decreased grain prolamin concentration and markedly enhanced the ratio of glutelin to prolamin in rice grains, while HN increased in grain glutelin and prolamin contents had smaller effects on ratios of glutelin to prolamin and the proportion of subunit compositions in grain storage proteins. Furthermore, HT had a marked impact on the glutelin composition in rice grains, with the significant increase in 57 kD pro-glutelin amount. However, the effect of HT on 37 kD α-glutelin and 22 kD β-glutelin was greatly variable among different rice varieties. The varying extent of grain protein amount per grain (mg grain-1) affected by HT was much smaller than that of grain protein content (%). The combined effect of HT and HN on the total storage protein and glutelin accumulation in rice grain was much greater than the individual effect of HT and HN. The dropping extent of grain prolamin content under HT appeared to be smaller for HN relative to LN, suggesting that appropriate N application was beneficial to keep the relatively stable content of grain prolamin composition under the fluctuating temperature for rice growth.

Key words: rice (Oryza sativa L.), high temperature, nitrogen, storage protein, grain quality

表1

不同温度处理下水稻籽粒蛋白含量及其组分差异"

品种
Cultivar		 处理
Treatment		 相对含量Relative content (%) 绝对含量Accumulation amount (mg grain-1)
清蛋白
Albumin		 球蛋白
Globulin		 醇溶蛋白
Prolamin		 谷蛋白
Glutelin		 总蛋白
Total
protein		 清蛋白
Albumin		 球蛋白
Globulin		 醇溶蛋白
Prolamin		 谷蛋白
Glutelin		 谷/醇比
Glu/Prol
浙恢7954
Zhehui 7954		 NT 0.72 b 0.80 b 0.61 a 6.92 b 9.17 b 0.171 b 0.190 a 0.145 a 1.644 b 11.34 b
HT 1.06 a 0.95 a 0.57 b 7.83 a 10.29 a 0.221 a 0.199 a 0.122 b 1.678 a 13.74 a
黄华占
Huanghuazhan		 NT 0.95 b 0.93 b 0.72 a 7.93 b 10.46 b 0.214 b 0.209 b 0.162 a 1.785 a 11.01 a
HT 1.15 a 1.02 a 0.65 b 8.21 a 10.83 a 0.253 a 0.225 a 0.143 b 1.810 a 12.63 a
秀水134
Xiushui 134		 NT 1.06 a 0.96 a 0.56 a 6.53 b 8.97 b 0.233 a 0.211 a 0.123 a 1.442 b 11.71 b
HT 0.92 b 0.97 a 0.52 b 7.26 a 9.61 a 0.186 b 0.196 b 0.103 b 1.466 a 14.23 a
秀水09
Xiushui 09		 NT 1.01 a 1.07 b 0.64 a 6.47 b 9.38 b 0.224 a 0.237 a 0.142 a 1.433 a 10.11 b
HT 0.98 a 1.12 a 0.57 b 7.24 a 10.15 a 0.195 b 0.221 b 0.113 b 1.439 a 12.70 a
9311 NT 0.89 a 0.97 a 0.57 a 7.32 b 10.67 b 0.209 b 0.228 a 0.130 a 1.724 a 12.84 b
HT 0.88 a 1.02 a 0.58 a 8.01 a 11.02 a 0.224 a 0.216 b 0.120 a 1.695 a 13.81 a
甬优2640
Yongyou 2640		 NT 0.92 b 1.09 a 0.65 a 7.13 b 9.96 b 0.212 a 0.251 a 0.150 a 1.642 a 10.97 b
HT 0.99 a 1.18 a 0.54 b 7.46 a 10.35 a 0.216 a 0.258 a 0.123 b 1.632 a 13.81 a

图1

不同温度处理下水稻籽粒贮藏蛋白SDS-PAGE及其主要蛋白条带的相对光密度差异 NT和HT分别表示灌浆结实期的常温处理和高温处理; A和B分别表示水稻籽粒贮藏蛋白SDS-PAGE图和主要蛋白条带的相对光密度图; 同一品种中的2个温度处理间相比, 小写字母相同者表示2个温度处理间(NT和HT)的差异未达到统计显著水平(P < 0.05); 垂直棒代表3次生物学重复的标准误差。"

表2

不同施氮水平下水稻籽粒蛋白含量及其组分差异"

品种
Cultivar		 处理
Treatment		 相对含量Relative content (%) 绝对含量Accumulation amount (mg grain-1)
清蛋白Albumin 球蛋白Globulin 醇溶
蛋白Prolamin		 谷蛋白Glutelin 总蛋白Total protein 清蛋白Albumin 球蛋白Globulin 醇溶蛋白Prolamin 谷蛋白Glutelin 谷/醇比Glu/Prol
浙恢7954
Zhehui7954		 LN 0.87 b 0.83 b 0.53 b 6.71 c 8.87 c 0.197 b 0.188 c 0.120 b 1.524 c 12.66 b
MN 0.89 b 1.06 a 0.58 a 7.39 b 10.57 a 0.206 ab 0.246 a 0.137 a 1.714 b 12.53 b
HN 1.03 a 0.97 b 0.61 a 8.06 a 10.81 a 0.228 a 0.215 b 0.135 a 1.786 a 13.21 a
黄华占
Huanghuazhan		 LN 0.86 b 0.92 b 0.66 b 7.47 b 9.43 b 0.187 c 0.200 b 0.144 b 1.626 b 11.57 b
MN 1.02 a 1.11 a 0.68 ab 8.08 a 11.06 a 0.226 a 0.245 a 0.151 a 1.790 a 11.93 a
HN 0.98 a 1.06 a 0.71 a 8.12 a 11.18 a 0.211 b 0.228 ab 0.153 a 1.747 a 11.66 b
秀水 134
Xiushui 134		 LN 0.87 b 0.91 b 0.56 b 5.75 c 8.57 b 0.184 b 0.192 b 0.110 b 1.320 b 11.16 b
MN 0.91 b 1.07 a 0.63 a 6.91 b 10.24 a 0.189 b 0.222 a 0.131 a 1.538 a 11.76 a
HN 1.12 a 1.08 a 0.66 a 7.17 a 10.53 a 0.223 a 0.215 ab 0.132 a 1.530 a 11.62 a
秀水09
Xiushui 09		 LN 0.92 b 0.93 c 0.51 c 6.32 c 9.09 c 0.204 b 0.206 b 0.113 b 1.384 c 12.21 b
MN 0.90 b 1.07 b 0.57 b 7.04 b 9.85 b 0.201 b 0.239 a 0.127 a 1.663 b 13.05 a
HN 1.06 a 1.14 a 0.64 a 7.76 a 10.98 a 0.223 a 0.240 a 0.130 a 1.716 a 13.16 a

图2

不同施氮水平下水稻籽粒贮藏蛋白SDS-PAGE及其主要蛋白条带的相对光密度差异 LN、MN和HN分别表示低氮(0 kg hm-2)、中氮(180 kg hm-2)和高氮(300 kg hm-2)处理水平; A和B分别表示水稻籽粒贮藏蛋白SDS-PAGE图和主要蛋白条带的相对光密度图; 相同水稻品种, 小写字母相同者表示不同氮处理水平间的差异未达到统计显著水平(P < 0.05); 垂直棒代表3次生物学重复的标准误差。"

表3

温氮处理下水稻籽粒蛋白及其组分的含量差异"

氮水平
N level		 温度处理
Temperature treatment		 相对含量Relative content (%) 绝对含量Accumulation amount (mg grain-1)
清蛋白
Albumin		 球蛋白
Globulin		 醇溶蛋白
Prolamin		 谷蛋白
Glutelin		 总蛋白
Total protein		 清蛋白
Albumin		 球蛋白
Globulin		 醇溶蛋白
Prolamin		 谷蛋白
Glutelin		 谷/醇比
Glu/prol
LN NT 0.81 b 0.84 b 0.53 a 6.45 b 8.52 c 0.19 a 0.19 a 0.12 a 1.49 a 12.17 c
HT1 0.87 b 0.95 a 0.51 a 7.03 a 9.29 b 0.19 a 0.21 a 0.11 a 1.52 a 13.48 b
HT2 1.09 a 1.03 b 0.46 b 6.98 a 9.41 a 0.20 a 0.20 a 0.09 b 1.38 b 15.17 a
平均 Mean 0.92 B 0.94 B 0.50 B 6.80 B 9.04 B 0.19 B 0.20 B 0.11 B 1.47 B 13.63 A
HN NT 0.93 b 1.02 b 0.61 a 7.15 b 9.77 b 0.21 a 0.23 ab 0.14 a 1.64 a 11.72 b
HT1 0.91 a 0.97 a 0.56 b 7.23 b 10.24 a 0.21 a 0.22 b 0.13 ab 1.66 a 13.15 a
HT2 1.07 a 1.18 a 0.58 ab 7.84 a 10.59 a 0.22 a 0.24 a 0.12 b 1.58 b 13.75 a
平均 Mean 0.97 A 1.06 A 0.58 A 7.41 A 10.20 A 0.21 A 0.23 A 0.13 A 1.63 A 12.84 B
氮肥效应 Nitrogen ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** **
温度效应 Temperature ** ** ** ** ** ns * ** ** **
氮肥×温度
Nitrogen × temperature		 ** ** ** ** ** ns ns ns ** **

图3

温氮处理下水稻籽粒贮藏蛋白的SDS-PAGE及其主要蛋白条带的相对光密度差异 LN和HN分别表示高氮和低氮水平; NT、HT1和HT2分别表示常温处理(日均温度23℃)、高温I处理(日均温度30℃)和高温II处理(日均温度34℃)。A和B分别表示水稻籽粒贮藏蛋白SDS-PAGE图和主要蛋白条带的相对光密度图。小写字母相同者表示不同处理水平间的差异未达到统计显著水平(P < 0.05); 垂直棒代表3次生物学重复的标准误差。"

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