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作物学报

作物学报 ›› 2020, Vol. 46 ›› Issue (8): 1238-1247.doi: 10.3724/SP.J.1006.2020.02001

• 耕作栽培·生理生化 • 上一篇    下一篇

盐胁迫下粳稻品种南粳9108分蘖特性及其与群体生产力的关系

韦还和1,葛佳琳1,张徐彬1,孟天瑶2,陆钰1,李心月1,陶源1,丁恩浩1,陈英龙1,戴其根1,*()   

  1. 1江苏省作物遗传生理重点实验室/江苏省作物栽培生理重点实验室/江苏省粮食作物现代产业技术协同创新中心/扬州大学水稻产业工程技术研究院, 扬州大学, 江苏扬州225009
    2扬州大学教育部农业与农产品安全国际合作联合实验室/扬州大学农业科技发展研究院, 扬州大学, 江苏扬州225009
  • 收稿日期:2020-01-09 接受日期:2020-04-15 出版日期:2020-08-12 网络出版日期:2020-04-26
  • 通讯作者: 戴其根
  • 作者简介:E-mail: hhwei@yzu.edu.cn
  • 基金资助:
    国家科技支撑计划项目(2015BAD01B03);江苏省重点研发计划项目(BE2015337);江苏省重点研发计划项目(BE2016370);国家自然科学基金项目(31901448);江苏省高等学校自然科学研究面上项目(19KJB210004);江苏高校优势学科建设工程项目

Tillering characteristics and its relationships with population productivity of japonica rice Nanjing 9108 under salinity stress

WEI Huan-He1,GE Jia-Lin1,ZHANG Xu-Bin1,MENG Tian-Yao2,LU Yu1,LI Xin-Yue1,TAO Yuan1,DING En-Hao1,CHEN Ying-Long1,DAI Qi-Gen1,*()   

  1. 1Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology/Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Cultivation and Physiology/Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops/Research Institute of Rice Industrial Engineering Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, Jiangsu, China
    2Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agro-product Safety, Ministry of Education/Institute of Agricultural Science and Technological Development, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, Jiangsu, China
  • Received:2020-01-09 Accepted:2020-04-15 Published:2020-08-12 Published online:2020-04-26
  • Contact: Qi-Gen DAI
  • Supported by:
    National Key Technology Support Program of China(2015BAD01B03);Key Research and Development Program of Jiangsu Province(BE2015337);Key Research and Development Program of Jiangsu Province(BE2016370);National Natural Science Foundation of China(31901448);Natural Science Foundation of the Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions of China(19KJB210004);Priority Academic Program Development of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions

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摘要：

旨在明确盐胁迫下水稻分蘖发生与成穗规律及其优势叶位, 为沿海滩涂水稻高产栽培的分蘖合理利用与调控提供依据。以江苏沿海滩涂大面积种植的常规粳稻南粳9108为试材, 设置对照(盐浓度0)、中盐(盐浓度0.15%)和高盐(盐浓度0.3%)环境, 比较研究盐逆境下水稻分蘖发生与成穗特性及其对群体产量的贡献。结果表明, 对照、中盐和高盐处理的两年平均产量(t hm-2)分别为9.7、7.4和4.2; 中盐和高盐处理的穗数、每穗粒数、结实率和千粒重均显著低于对照。与对照相比, 中盐和高盐处理下拔节、抽穗和成熟期群体茎蘖数和成穗率均较低。对照的分蘖利用以一次分蘖和二次分蘖为主, 一次分蘖发生在第3至第7叶位, 第4至第6叶位是分蘖发生与成穗的优势叶位, 二次分蘖则以1/4和1/5蘖位优势较强; 盐胁迫的分蘖利用以一次分蘖为主, 第4至第6叶位是分蘖发生与成穗的优势叶位。盐胁迫下各蘖位的穗长、每穗粒数、着粒密度、一次枝粳数及粒数、二次枝粳数及粒数均低于对照。与对照相比, 盐胁迫下水稻单株成穗数少、个体和群体生长协调性差、穗型小, 最终单株和群体产量低。

关键词: 盐胁迫, 水稻, 分蘖特性, 群体生产力

Abstract:

This study was conducted to clarify the characteristics for occurrence of rice tillers, its dominant leaf positions, and panicle formation under salinity stress, and to provide a basis for the rational utilization and regulation of rice tillers for high-yield cultivation methods in tidal flat area. Conventional japonica rice Nanjing 9108 was used with three salinity treatments, namely, Control (CK, 0 salt concentration), Medium-salinity stress (MS, 0.15% salt concentration), and high-salinity stress (HS, 0.3% salt concentration) to compare the tillering and panicle formation characteristics and its contribution to population yield under salinity stress. As a result, the average yields (t hm-2) of CK, MS, and HS were 9.7, 7.4, and 4.2 across two years, respectively; the number of panicles, spikelets per panicle, percentage of filled grains, and 1000-grain weight in MS and HS treatments were significantly lower than those in CK. Compared with CK, the number of tillers at jointing, heading, and maturity and percentage of productive tillers in MS and HS treatments were decreased. For CK, the primary tillers emerged from the 3rd leaf to 7th leaf on the main stem, with higher tiller emerging rate and more panicles from the 4th leaf to 6th leaf among them, and secondary tillers mainly emerged and earbeared from 1/4 and 1/5 tiller position; as for MS and HS, tillers are mainly primary ones emerging from the 4th to 6th leaf as the dominant position for the tiller occurrence and earbearing. The mean value of panicle length, total grains, grain density, and number of grains and its total grains on the primary and secondary branches in MS and HS treatments were both lower than those in CK. Our results suggest that, salinity stress caused lower number of panicles per plant, inferior growth of individuals and populations, smaller panicle types, and finally lower grain yield.

Key words: salinity stress, rice, tillering characteristics, population productivity

表1

盐胁迫对水稻产量及其构成因素的影响"

年份
Year		 处理
Treatment		 穗数
Number of
panicles
(×104 hm-2)		 每穗粒数
Spikelets per
panicle		 颖花量
Number of spikelets
(×107 hm-2)		 结实率
Percentage of filled grains (%)		 千粒重
1000-
grain
weight (g)		 实产
Actual yield
(t hm-2)		 成熟期
干物重
Biomass
accumulation at maturity
(t hm-2)		 收获
指数
Harvest index
2018 对照 CK 359.5 a 133.6 a 48.0 a 90.5 a 23.9 a 9.7 a 16.6 a 0.503 c
中盐 MS 335.1 b 112.4 b 37.7 b 88.7 ab 22.7 b 7.3 b 12.0 b 0.524 b
高盐 HS 293.7 c 87.2 c 25.6 c 82.6 b 21.2 c 4.3 c 6.7 c 0.549 a
2019 对照 CK 344.3 a 135.3 a 46.6 a 91.4 a 24.2 a 9.6 a 16.2 a 0.511 c
中盐 MS 323.1 b 115.7 b 37.4 b 88.2 b 23.1 b 7.4 b 11.9 b 0.533 b
高盐 HS 277.5 c 84.9 c 23.6 c 83.5 c 21.6 c 4.1 c 6.4 c 0.553 a

表2

盐胁迫对水稻关键生育期群体茎蘖数的影响"

年份
Year		 处理
Treatment		 群体茎蘖数 Tiller number of rice population (×104 hm-2)
拔节期Jointing 抽穗期Heading 成熟期Maturity
2018 对照 CK 459.1 a 365.9 a 359.5 a
中盐 MS 443.3 b 351.5 b 335.1 b
高盐 HS 404.5 c 314.3 c 293.7 c
2019 对照 CK 450.1 a 350.4 a 344.3 a
中盐 MS 439.6 b 339.1 b 323.1 b
高盐 HS 388.7 c 296.5 c 277.5 c

图1

盐胁迫对水稻成穗率的影响 CK: 对照; MS: 中盐; HS: 高盐。处理间标以不同小写字母的值在5%水平差异显著。"

表3

盐胁迫对水稻分蘖发生及成穗率的影响"

叶位
Leaf position		 分蘖发生率 Emerging rate (%) 分蘖成穗率 Panicle rate (%)
对照 CK 中盐 MS 高盐 HS 对照 CK 中盐 MS 高盐 HS
3/0 27.78 16.67 40.00 33.33
4/0 94.44 83.33 66.67 70.59 73.33 75.00
5/0 100.00 100.00 100.00 88.89 88.89 83.33
6/0 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 94.44
7/0 77.78 61.11 38.89 28.57 18.18 14.29
1/4 66.67 55.56 44.44 50.00 30.00 25.00
2/4 38.89 16.67 11.11 14.29 33.33
3/4 22.22 5.56 25.00
1/5 66.67 22.22 11.11 33.33 25.00 50.00
2/5 22.22 11.11 5.56
1/6 11.11 11.11 50.00 50.00

表4

盐胁迫下水稻单株成穗数的茎蘖组成"

叶位
Leaf position		 对照 CK 中盐 MS 高盐 HS
个数 Number 比例 Rate (%) 个数 Number 比例 Rate (%) 个数 Number 比例 Rate (%)
单株成穗数
No. of productive tillers per plant		 4.61 a 4.00 b 3.50 c
主穗Main stem (0/0) 1.00 21.69 1.00 25.00 1.00 28.57
3/0 0.11 2.41 0.06 1.39
4/0 0.67 14.46 0.61 15.28 0.50 14.29
5/0 0.89 19.28 0.89 22.22 0.83 23.81
6/0 1.00 21.69 1.00 25.00 0.94 26.98
7/0 0.22 4.82 0.11 2.78 0.06 1.59
一次分蘖合计
Primary tillers in total		 2.89 62.67 2.67 66.67 2.33 66.67
1/4 0.33 7.24 0.17 4.17 0.11 3.17
2/4 0.06 1.21 0.06 1.39
3/4 0.06 1.21
1/5 0.22 4.78 0.06 1.39 0.06 1.59
1/6 0.06 1.21 0.06 1.39
二次分蘖合计
Secondary tillers in total		 0.72 15.64 0.33 8.33 0.17 4.76

表5

盐胁迫下水稻各叶位茎蘖对群体产量的贡献"

叶位
Leaf position		 对照 CK 中盐 MS 高盐 HS
产量
Yield (t hm-2)		 比例
Rate (%)		 产量
Yield (t hm-2)		 比例
Rate (%)		 产量
Yield (t hm-2)		 比例
Rate (%)
群体产量
Population productivity		 9.65 a 7.35 b 4.20 c
主穗Main stem (0/0) 2.32 24.05 2.12 28.86 1.36 32.45
3/0 0.22 2.31 0.10 1.33
4/0 1.33 13.76 1.06 14.44 0.51 12.18
5/0 1.95 20.20 1.65 22.48 1.01 24.16
6/0 2.18 22.64 1.75 23.83 1.15 27.37
7/0 0.38 3.93 0.17 2.25 0.04 0.89
一次分蘖合计
Primary tillers in total		 6.06 62.84 4.73 64.34 2.71 64.61
1/4 0.65 6.76 0.27 3.66 0.08 1.92
2/4 0.09 0.91 0.07 0.99
3/4 0.08 0.86
1/5 0.36 3.72 0.08 1.12 0.04 1.02
1/6 0.08 0.86 0.08 1.02
二次分蘖合计
Secondary tillers in total		 1.27 13.11 0.50 6.80 0.12 2.94

表6

盐胁迫对水稻各叶位茎蘖穗部性状的影响"

处理
Treatment		 叶位
Leaf position		 穗长
PL (cm)		 总粒数
TG		 结实率
PFG (%)		 着粒密度
GD
(grain cm-1)		 一次枝梗
Primary branch		 二次枝梗
Secondary branch
枝粳数
NB		 枝梗粒数
TG		 枝粳数
NB		 枝梗粒数 TG
对照 CK 0/0 18.2 161.3 91.1 8.9 12.0 74.1 30.0 87.2
3/0 16.4 139.8 90.9 8.5 12.0 72.9 22.0 66.9
4/0 17.2 141.6 89.1 8.2 13.0 78.7 24.0 62.9
5/0 18.1 155.2 89.5 8.6 13.0 77.4 28.0 77.8
6/0 17.5 153.4 90.2 8.8 12.0 76.8 26.0 76.6
7/0 16.7 122.4 88.2 7.3 10.0 63.4 21.0 59.0
1/4 16.2 139.8 88.6 8.6 11.0 66.7 24.0 73.1
2/4 15.8 114.1 87.6 7.2 10.0 58.7 22.0 55.4
3/4 14.8 106.9 88.5 7.2 11.0 62.3 17.0 44.6
1/5 15.3 116.5 88.7 7.6 11.0 62.4 18.0 54.1
1/6 14.6 107.0 88.9 7.3 10.0 60.8 16.0 46.2
平均值 Mean 16.4 a 132.5 a 89.2 a 8.0 a 11.4 a 68.6 a 22.5 a 64.0 a
中盐 MS 0/0 16.8 145.8 90.4 8.7 12.0 74.1 25.0 71.7
3/0 15.8 122.6 89.4 7.8 10.0 59.4 19.0 63.2
4/0 15.7 121.2 89.0 7.7 10.0 61.3 21.0 59.9
5/0 16.2 128.9 89.6 8.0 12.0 71.5 22.0 57.4
6/0 15.8 122.4 88.9 7.7 13.0 66.7 21.0 55.7
7/0 15.6 104.8 88.4 6.7 11.0 65.6 15.0 39.2
1/4 15.8 114.5 87.6 7.2 10.0 56.6 22.0 57.9
2/4 14.1 93.3 87.5 6.6 9.0 53.4 16.0 39.9
1/5 15.6 106.7 86.6 6.8 12.0 68.7 14.0 38.0
1/6 14.1 98.5 85.2 7.0 10.0 58.6 14.0 39.9
平均值 Mean 15.6 ab 115.9 b 88.3 ab 7.4 ab 10.9 ab 63.6 b 18.9 b 52.3 b
高盐 HS 0/0 15.7 121.6 84.5 7.7 10.0 61.2 21.0 60.4
4/0 14.6 93.5 82.5 6.4 9.0 53.1 16.0 40.4
5/0 15.1 111.0 82.7 7.4 11.0 63.4 18.0 47.6
6/0 15.4 109.5 83.8 7.1 11.0 67.9 14.0 41.6
7/0 11.7 62.4 81.6 5.3 10.0 48.9 4.0 13.5
1/4 12.7 67.7 80.7 5.3 10.0 55.6 5.0 12.1
1/5 12.5 70.7 82.3 5.7 9.0 48.9 9.0 21.8
平均值 Mean 14.0 b 90.9 c 82.6 b 6.4 b 10.0 b 57.0 c 12.4 c 33.9 c
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