作物学报 ›› 2021, Vol. 47 ›› Issue (1): 50-60.doi: 10.3724/SP.J.1006.2021.92069
黄妍1(), 贺焕焕1, 谢之耀1, 李丹莹1, 赵超越1, 吴鑫1, 黄福灯2, 程方民1, 潘刚1,*()
HUANG Yan1(), HE Huan-Huan1, XIE Zhi-Yao1, LI Dan-Ying1, ZHAO Chao-Yue1, WU Xin1, HUANG Fu-Deng2, CHENG Fang-Min1, PAN Gang1,*()
摘要:
株高是影响水稻倒伏的重要因素之一, 培育适度矮化水稻品种有利于提高其抗倒性, 进而减少产量损失并提高稻米品质, 因此研究矮秆形成的分子生理机制具有重要意义。通过辐射诱变籼稻恢复系自选1号获得一个稳定遗传的矮化宽叶突变体osdwl1, 本文对其形态与生理特征、细胞结构差异、遗传分析和基因定位等方面进行了研究。大田条件下, osdwl1矮化宽叶性状始于分蘖期后, 成熟期穗长和各茎节长度均极显著短于对照, 最终导致株高矮化, 究其原因, 是由于突变体茎节细胞变短所致; 而叶片石蜡切片及扫描电镜结果显示, osdwl1的叶片小维管束数及其间距显著增加, 从而导致叶片变宽, 且其上下表皮的小刺毛数也极显著增加。此外, osdwl1的中上部叶片还表现黄化症状, 该性状始于3~4叶期幼苗。生理分析和透射电镜观察表明, 与野生型对照相比, 孕穗期osdwl1的叶绿体类囊体结构松散, 且部分已开始降解, 从而导致其倒二叶和倒三叶的叶绿素总含量、净光合速率以及Fv/Fm比值均极显著降低, 而其可溶性蛋白、过氧化氢酶及超氧化物歧化酶酶活依次极显著降低, 从而导致叶中H2O2及O2-累积, 促使丙二醛含量急剧增加。遗传分析表明, osdwl1的矮化宽叶表型受单隐性核基因调控, 利用图位克隆技术将该基因定位于6号染色体短臂的SSR标记RM19297与InDel标记ID269-2之间, 物理距离为333 kb, 该结果为进一步克隆OsDWL1基因并研究其功能奠定了基础。
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