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作物学报 ›› 2021, Vol. 47 ›› Issue (7): 1383-1390.doi: 10.3724/SP.J.1006.2021.04171

• 研究简报 • 上一篇    下一篇

生物菌肥与无机肥配施对藜麦农艺性状、产量性状及品质的影响

邓妍1, 王娟玲2,*(), 王创云1, 赵丽1, 张丽光1, 郭虹霞1, 郭红霞3, 秦丽霞2, 王美霞1   

  1. 1山西农业大学农学院, 山西太原 030031
    2山西农业大学, 山西太原 030031
    3山西大学, 山西太原 030031
  • 收稿日期:2020-07-27 接受日期:2020-12-01 出版日期:2021-07-12 网络出版日期:2021-04-26
  • 通讯作者: 王娟玲
  • 作者简介:E-mail: dengyan-666@163.com
  • 基金资助:
    本研究由山西省农业科学院博士后专项(YCX2018D2BH2);山西省深度贫困县科技精准扶贫专项(2020FP-05);中国农业科学院科技创新工程协同创新项目(CAAS-XTCX20190025);山西农谷建设科研专项资助(SXNGJSKYZX201704)

Effects of combined application of bio-bacterial fertilizer and inorganic fertilizer on agronomic characters, yield, and quality in quinoa

DENG Yan1, WANG Juan-Ling2,*(), WANG Chuang-Yun1, ZHAO Li1, ZHANG Li-Guang1, GUO Hong-Xia1, GUO Hong-Xia3, QIN Li-Xia2, WANG Mei-Xia1   

  1. 1Agricultural College, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taiyuan 030031, Shanxi, China
    2Shanxi Agricultural University, Taiyuan 030031, Shanxi, China
    3Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030031, Shanxi, China
  • Received:2020-07-27 Accepted:2020-12-01 Published:2021-07-12 Published online:2021-04-26
  • Contact: WANG Juan-Ling
  • Supported by:
    This study was supported by the Post-Doctoral Research Project of Shanxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences(YCX2018D2BH2);the Science and Technology Precision Poverty Alleviation in Deep Poverty-stricken County of Shanxi Province(2020FP-05);the Science and Technology Innovation Project Collaborative Innovation Project of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences(CAAS-XTCX20190025);the Special Research Project of Shanxi Agricultural Valley Construction(SXNGJSKYZX201704)

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摘要：

为探索适宜晋北地区推广应用的藜麦栽培管理模式, 实现藜麦产量和品质提升, 本试验选用当地自有品种华青1号, 采用单因素完全随机设计, 以有机肥和无机肥配施比例为变量, 设常规施肥CK (有机肥0 kg hm -2, 尿素和磷酸二胺各450 kg hm -2)、有机肥和无机肥配施比例T1 (有机肥1500 kg hm -2, 尿素和磷酸二胺各225 kg hm -2)、T2 (有机肥2250 kg hm -2, 尿素和磷酸二胺各225 kg hm -2)、T3 (有机肥3000 kg hm -2, 尿素和磷酸二胺各225 kg hm -2) 4个处理, 分析藜麦生育进程、农艺性状的差异, 揭示藜麦产量和品质同步提升的农学性状, 探求藜麦高产优质适宜的有机无机配施比例。结果表明, 生物菌肥与无机肥配施可增加土壤表层有机质含量, 降低碱解氮和有效磷含量及土壤pH, 显著增加速效钾含量, 且随生物菌肥施用量的增加, 土壤中有机质、碱解氮、有效磷和速效钾含量提高, pH降低; 与常规施肥CK相比, 配施生物菌肥能够缩短藜麦生育期, 提高成熟期藜麦株高、茎秆直径和茎秆强度, 从而降低倒伏率; 增加藜麦分枝数、千粒重, 提高了产量; 可增加蛋白质和脂肪含量, T2处理表现明显; 降低淀粉含量, 以T2处理最低, 但与其他两处理间差异不显著; 生物菌肥与无机肥配施可提高植株对肥料的利用, 随生物菌肥施用量的增加, 氮肥利用效率、磷肥利用效率及氮磷肥偏生产力先升后降, 均以T2处理最高。相关分析结果表明, 藜麦籽粒产量与千粒重的关系最密切, 籽粒蛋白质含量与产量、千粒重、分枝数和茎秆强度也呈正相关, 籽粒淀粉含量与千粒重呈负相关。因此, 本试验条件下, 晋北地区有机无机配施量为氮磷肥各225 kg hm -2配施生物有机菌肥2250 kg hm -2时利于藜麦实现产量品质同步提升。

关键词: 藜麦, 生物菌肥, 农艺性状, 产量, 品质

Abstract:

To explore the suitable cultivation and management model of quinoa in northern Shanxi province, and therefore improve the yield and quality of quinoa, an experiment was conducted with cultivar Huaqing 1 as plant material. The effects of varied proportion of organic and inorganic fertilizer on the growth process of quinoa, agronomic traits, yield, and quality were studied using single factor completely random design. There were three treatments including T1 (1500 kg hm -2 organic fertilizer, 225 kg hm -2 each for urea and diamine phosphate), T2 (2250 kg hm -2 organic fertilizer, 225 kg hm -2 each for urea and diamine phosphate), and T3 (3000 kg hm -2 organic fertilizer, 225 kg hm -2 each for urea and diamine phosphate), conventional fertilization (0 kg hm -2 organic fertilizer, 450 kg hm -2 each for urea and diamine phosphate) was the control. The results showed that the combined biological bacterial fertilizer and inorganic fertilizer could increase the content of organic matter, available nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium in soil, and decrease the pH of soil. Compared with CK, the combined biological fertilizer could effectively shorten the growth period, and increase plant height, stem diameter and stem strength at mature stage, thus reduce lodging rate. Also, combined biological fertilizer treatment promoted the branches and 1000-grain weight of quinoa, and improved quinoa yield, protein content and fat content, and the above favorite effects were obviously showed in T2 treatment. Starch content was the lowest in T2 treatment, but there was no significant differences among the three treatments. With the increase application of bacterial fertilizer, nitrogen use efficiency, phosphorus fertilizer use efficiency and partial productivity of nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizer was firstly increased and then decreased. Among three groups, the above index was the highest in T2 treatment. Correlation analysis showed that the relationship between the yield and 1000-grain weight was the most correlated, and protein content in grains was positively correlated with yield, 1000-grain weight, branch number, and stem strength, but negatively correlated with lodging rate. In conclusion, under the condition of current experiment, the suitable nitrogen application rate for quinoa was the combination of urea (225 kg hm -2), diamine phosphate (225 kg hm -2) and inorganic fertilizer (2250 kg hm -2).

Key words: quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd.), bio-bacterial fertilizer, agronomic characters, yield, quality

表1

生物菌肥与无机肥配施对土壤肥力的影响"

年份
Year		 处理
Treatment		 有机质
Organic matter
(g kg-1)		 碱解氮
Alkaline hydrolysis nitrogen (mg kg-1)		 有效磷
Available P
(mg kg-1)		 速效钾
Available K
(mg kg-1)		 pH
2018 CK 5.99 c 98.05 a 43.55 a 88.55 c 8.70 a
T1 6.24 c 80.74 c 32.27 b 97.77 b 8.22 ab
T2 7.14 b 82.31 c 35.81 b 105.81 ab 7.94 ab
T3 7.77 a 86.77 b 37.24 b 112.74 a 7.74 b
2019 CK 6.14 d 101.20 a 44.70 a 89.70 c 8.65 a
T1 6.95 c 80.44 c 33.70 b 102.20 b 8.20 a
T2 7.53 b 83.78 b 35.28 b 108.28 ab 8.03 a
T3 7.90 a 88.70 b 38.94 b 118.44 a 7.94 a

表2

生物菌肥与无机肥配施对藜麦生育期的影响"

年份
Year		 处理Treatment 播种期
Sowing date (month/day)		 出苗期
Seeding stage (month/day)		 分枝期
Branch stage (month/day)		 开花期
Flowering stage (month/day)		 成熟期
Mature stage (month/day)		 生育期
Growth period
(d)
2018 CK 5/22 6/2 7/1 8/1 9/15 116
T1 5/22 6/1 6/29 7/26 9/11 112
T2 5/22 5/31 6/26 7/25 9/8 109
T3 5/22 6/1 6/27 7/27 9/10 111
2019 CK 6/20 7/3 8/3 9/1 9/28 100
T1 6/20 7/2 8/1 8/29 9/25 97
T2 6/20 7/1 7/28 8/26 9/23 95
T3 6/20 7/2 7/28 8/27 9/25 97

图1

生物菌肥与无机肥配施对藜麦成熟期农艺性状的影响 处理同表1。柱上标以不同小写字母表示在0.05水平差异显著。"

图2

生物菌肥与无机肥配施对藜麦产量性状的影响 处理同表1。柱上标以不同小写字母表示在0.05水平差异显著。"

表3

有机无机肥配施对藜麦品质的影响(2018-2019)"

年份
Year		 处理
Treatment		 蛋白质Protein 脂肪Fat 淀粉Amylum
值Value 标准误SE 值Value 标准误SE 值Value 标准误SE
2018 CK 13.55 b 0.47 5.26 b 0.10 54.65 a 0.42
T1 14.27 ab 0.12 5.32 ab 0.08 54.17 b 0.20
T2 15.81 a 0.59 5.36 a 0.02 54.03 b 0.77
T3 15.74 a 0.19 5.28 a 0.07 54.20 b 0.19
2019 CK 14.20 b 0.14 5.22 b 0.15 54.40 a 0.51
T1 15.70 b 0.09 5.29 b 0.08 53.64 b 0.15
T2 16.28 a 0.19 5.42 a 0.03 53.46 b 0.34
T3 15.94 a 0.14 5.34 a 0.05 53.58 b 0.97

图3

藜麦产量和农艺性状、品质性状间的关系 图中气泡与数字对称, *表示在P < 0.05水平显著, **表示在P < 0.01水平显著。X1: 株高; X2: 茎秆直径; X3: 茎秆强度; X4: 倒伏率; X5: 分枝数; X6: 千粒重; X7: 产量; X8: 蛋白质含量; X9: 脂肪含量; X10: 淀粉含量。"

表4

生物菌肥与无机肥配施对藜麦肥料利用的影响"

年份
Year		 处理
Treatment		 氮素利用效率
N use efficiency
(kg kg-1)		 氮肥偏生产力
Partial productivity of N fertilizer (kg kg-1)		 磷素利用效率
P use efficiency
(kg kg-1)		 磷肥偏生产力
Partial productivity of P fertilizer (kg kg-1)
2018 CK 34.06 c 7.62 c 61.20 c 7.62 c
T1 39.21 c 15.92 b 76.27 b 15.92 b
T2 54.85 a 16.88 a 106.54 a 16.88 a
T3 45.78 b 16.43 a 86.75 b 16.43 a
2019 CK 31.94 c 7.83 c 59.36 c 7.83 c
T1 38.70 b 16.25 b 71.24 b 16.25 b
T2 54.65 a 17.41 a 102.99 a 17.41 a
T3 44.74 b 16.83 b 80.30 b 16.83 b
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