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作物学报 ›› 2022, Vol. 48 ›› Issue (2): 437-447.doi: 10.3724/SP.J.1006.2022.01093

所属专题： 玉米：耕作栽培·生理生化； 小麦：耕作栽培·生理生化

• 耕作栽培·生理生化 • 上一篇    下一篇

水氮减量对地膜玉米免耕轮作小麦主要光合生理参数的影响

徐龙龙(), 殷文, 胡发龙, 范虹, 樊志龙, 赵财, 于爱忠, 柴强*()   

  1. 甘肃省干旱生境作物学重点实验室 / 甘肃农业大学农学院, 甘肃兰州 730070
  • 收稿日期:2020-12-03 接受日期:2021-04-14 出版日期:2022-02-12 网络出版日期:2021-06-09
  • 通讯作者: 柴强
  • 作者简介:E-mail: XL15109315778@163.com
  • 基金资助:
    本研究由甘肃省基础研究创新群体项目(20JR5RA037);中央引导地方科技发展专项(ZCYD-2020-1-4);国家自然科学基金项目(32101857);甘肃省科技计划项目(20JR5RA037);甘肃省科技计划项目(20JR5RA025);国家公益性行业(农业)科研项目(201503125-3);甘肃农业大学伏羲青年人才培养计划项目资助(Gaufx-03Y10)

Effect of water and nitrogen reduction on main photosynthetic physiological parameters of film-mulched maize no-tillage rotation wheat

XU Long-Long(), YIN Wen, HU Fa-Long, FAN Hong, FAN Zhi-Long, ZHAO Cai, YU Ai-Zhong, CHAI Qiang*()   

  1. Gansu Provincial Key Laboratory of Arid Land Crop Science / College of Agronomy, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, Gansu, China
  • Received:2020-12-03 Accepted:2021-04-14 Published:2022-02-12 Published online:2021-06-09
  • Contact: CHAI Qiang
  • Supported by:
    This study was supported by the Innovation Group of Basic Research in Gansu Province(20JR5RA037);and the Central Government will Guide Local Science and Technology Development Projects(ZCYD-2020-1-4);and the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32101857);the Science and Technology Project of Gansu Province(20JR5RA037);the Science and Technology Project of Gansu Province(20JR5RA025);the Special Fund for Agro-scientific Research in the Public Interest of China(201503125-3);and the Fuxi Young Talents Fund of Gansu Agricultural University(Gaufx-03Y10)

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摘要：

地膜玉米免耕结合水氮减量对小麦稳产增产的作用已经验证, 但其形成的光合生理机制研究仍比较薄弱。2018—2020年, 采用裂区设计, 设置地膜玉米免耕(NT)和传统耕作(CT)两种耕作方式, 传统灌水(I2, 2400 m 3 hm -2)和传统灌水减量20% (I1, 1920 m 3 hm -2) 2个灌水水平和施纯N 225 kg hm -2(N3)、180 kg hm -2(N2)和135 kg hm -2(N1) 3个施氮水平。结果表明, 耕作措施、施氮水平对小麦叶面积指数、光合势、SPAD值、光合速率均有显著影响; 灌水水平对光合速率影响显著。全生育期平均来看, NT较CT显著提高了小麦叶面积指数、光合势、SPAD值、光合速率, 分别提高14.5%~44.1%、13.2%~16.3%、7.4%~9.0%、14.5%~24.2%; 与I2相比, I1小麦光合速率显著降低了6.5%~13.6%。N1较N3叶面积指数、光合势、SPAD值、光合速率分别显著降低了6.4%~13.6%、7.5%~12.7%、6.0%~10.2%、7.5%~17.5%, N2与N3无显著差异。耕作措施、施氮水平、灌水水平三者均对小麦干物质积累量和籽粒产量影响显著。NT较CT分别显著提高13.4%~16.5%和9.0%~13.4%; I1较I2分别显著降低6.5%~6.7%、4.3%~7.4%; 与N3相比, N1处理分别显著降低10.0%~11.9%、12.6%~19.4%, N2与N3无显著差异。关联矩阵分析表明, 地膜玉米免耕结合水氮减量通过延缓小麦SPAD值的降低, 延长光合时间, 提高小麦的光合势和光合速率从而实现增产。

关键词: 免耕, 水氮减量, 小麦, 光合势, 光合生理参数

Abstract:

The effect of no-tillage combined with water and nitrogen reduction of mulching maize on the stability and increase of wheat yield has been verified, but the research of the photosynthetic physiological mechanism of its formation is still relatively weak. From 2018 to 2020, the split zone design was adopted, and two farming methods of film-mulched corn no-tillage (NT) and traditional tillage (CT) was arranged with two irrigation levels of traditional irrigation (I2, 2400 m 3 hm ?2) and traditional irrigation reduce 20% (I1, 1920 m 3 hm ?2) and three nitrogen application levels of 225 kg hm ?2 (N3), 180 kg hm ?2 (N2) and 135 kg hm ?2 (N1). The results showed that farming measures and nitrogen application level had significant effects on wheat leaf area index, photosynthetic potential, SPAD value, and photosynthetic rate; irrigation level had significant effects on photosynthetic rate. During the whole growth periods, compared with CT, NT increased wheat leaf area index, photosynthetic potential, SPAD value, and photosynthetic rate by 14.5%-44.1%, 13.2%-16.3%, 7.4%-9.0%, and 14.5%-24.2%, respectively; Compared with I2, the photosynthetic rate of wheat I1 decreased by 6.5%-13.6%. Compared with N3, the leaf area index, photosynthetic potential, SPAD value, and photosynthetic rate of N1 decreased by 6.4%-13.6%, 7.5%-12.7%, 6.0%-10.2%, and 7.5%-17.5%, respectively. There was no significant difference between N2 and N3. Cultivation measures, nitrogen application level, and irrigation level all had significant effects on dry matter accumulation and grain yield in wheat. Compared with CT, NT increased by 13.4%-16.5% and 9.0%-13.4%; Compared with I2, I1 decreased by 6.5%-6.7% and 4.3%-7.4%; Compared with N3, the dry matter accumulation and grain yield of N1 decreased by 10.0%-11.9% and 12.6%-19.4%, respectively, and there was no significant difference between N2 and N3. Correlation matrix analysis showed that the combined water and nitrogen reduction of no-tillage maize mulching could delay the decrease of wheat SPAD value, prolonged the photosynthetic time, and increased the photosynthetic potential and photosynthetic rate of wheat to increase yield.

Key words: no-tillage, water and nitrogen reduction, wheat, photosynthetic potential, photosynthetic physiological parameters

图1

地膜玉米免耕轮作小麦示意图 试验采用全膜覆盖, 地膜宽150 cm, 玉米种植4行(行距40 cm), 玉米收获后, 保留地膜完整度70%以上, 第2年采用穴播的方式种植春小麦, 密度为465万株 hm-2。"

图2

不同耕作措施和水氮减量模式下小麦全生育期叶面积指数动态变化 NT: 地膜玉米免耕; CT: 传统耕作; I2: 传统灌水(2400 m3 hm-2); I1: 传统灌水减量20% (1920 m3 hm-2); N3: 传统施氮(225 kg hm-2); N2: 传统施氮减量20% (180 kg hm-2); N1: 传统施氮减量40% (135 kg hm-2)。误差线表示标准差(n = 3)。"

图3

不同耕作措施和水氮减量模式下小麦光合势 NT: 地膜玉米免耕; CT: 传统耕作; I2: 传统灌水(2400 m3 hm-2); I1: 传统灌水减量20% (1920 m3 hm-2); N3: 传统施氮(225 kg hm-2); N2: 传统施氮减量20% (180 kg hm-2); N1: 传统施氮减量40% (135 kg hm-2)。误差线表示标准差(n = 3)。图中不同字母表示不同处理间差异显著。"

图4

不同耕作措施和水氮减量模式下小麦旗叶的SPAD值 NT: 地膜玉米免耕; CT: 传统耕作; I2: 传统灌水(2400 m3 hm-2); I1: 传统灌水减量20% (1920 m3 hm-2); N3: 传统施氮(225 kg hm-2); N2: 传统施氮减量20% (180 kg hm-2); N1: 传统施氮减量40% (135 kg hm-2)。误差线表示标准差(n = 3)。"

图5

不同耕作措施和水氮减量模式下小麦旗叶的光合速率 NT: 地膜玉米免耕; CT: 传统耕作; I2: 传统灌水(2400 m3 hm-2); I1: 传统灌水减量20% (1920 m3 hm-2); N3: 传统施氮(225 kg hm-2); N2: 传统施氮减量20% (180 kg hm-2); N1: 传统施氮减量40% (135 kg hm-2)。误差线表示标准差(n = 3)。图中不同字母表示不同处理间差异显著。"

图6

不同耕作措施和水氮减量模式下小麦干物质积累动态 NT: 地膜玉米免耕; CT: 传统耕作; I2: 传统灌水(2400 m3 hm-2); I1: 传统灌水减量20% (1920 m3 hm-2); N3: 传统施氮(225 kg hm-2); N2: 传统施氮减量20% (180 kg hm-2); N1: 传统施氮减量40% (135 kg hm-2)。误差线表示标准差(n = 3)。"

图7

不同耕作措施和水氮减量模式下小麦产量 NT: 地膜玉米免耕; CT: 传统耕作; I2: 传统灌水(2400 m3 hm-2); I1: 传统灌水减量20% (1920 m3 hm-2); N3: 传统施氮(225 kg hm-2); N2: 传统施氮减量20% (180 kg hm-2); N1: 传统施氮减量40% (135 kg hm-2)。误差线表示标准差(n = 3)。图中不同字母表示不同处理间差异显著。"

表1

小麦籽粒产量与光合速率、光合势及SPAD值的相关性及关联度分析"

指标
Parameter		 相关性及关联度分析
Correlation and association analysis		 光合速率
Pn		 光合势
LAD		 叶绿素相对含量
SPAD
籽粒产量
Grain yield		 相关性 Correlation 0.881** 0.835** 0.375
关联度 Association degree 0.737 0.743 0.611
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