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作物学报

作物学报 ›› 2022, Vol. 48 ›› Issue (5): 1051-1058.doi: 10.3724/SP.J.1006.2022.14116

• 综述 • 上一篇    下一篇

基于种子萌发出苗过程中弯钩建成和下胚轴生长的棉花出苗壮苗机制与技术

周静远1,2(), 孔祥强2, 张艳军2, 李雪源3, 张冬梅2, 董合忠1,2,*()   

  1. 1山东师范大学生命科学学院, 山东济南 250014
    2山东省农业科学院经济作物研究所 / 山东省棉花栽培生理重点实验室, 山东济南 250100
    3新疆农业科学院经济作物研究所, 新疆乌鲁木齐 830091
  • 收稿日期:2021-06-07 接受日期:2021-10-09 出版日期:2022-05-12 网络出版日期:2021-10-20
  • 通讯作者: 董合忠
  • 作者简介:E-mail: zhoujingyuan0107@163.com
  • 基金资助:
    国家重点研究发展计划项目(2020YFD1001002);国家自然科学基金项目(31771718);国家自然科学基金项目(31801307);财政部和农业农村部: 国家现代农业产业技术体系建设专项资助(CARS-15-15)

Mechanism and technology of stand establishment improvements through regulating the apical hook formation and hypocotyl growth during seed germination and emergence in cotton

ZHOU Jing-Yuan1,2(), KONG Xiang-Qiang2, ZHANG Yan-Jun2, LI Xue-Yuan3, ZHANG Dong-Mei2, DONG He-Zhong1,2,*()   

  1. 1College of Life Science, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, Shandong, China
    2Institute of Industrial Crops / Shandong Key Laboratory for Cotton Culture and Physiology, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan 250100, Shandong, China
    3Institute of Cash Crops, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Urumqi 830091, Xinjiang, China
  • Received:2021-06-07 Accepted:2021-10-09 Published:2022-05-12 Published online:2021-10-20
  • Contact: DONG He-Zhong
  • Supported by:
    National Key Research and Development Program of China(2020YFD1001002);National Natural Science Foundation of China(31771718);National Natural Science Foundation of China(31801307);China Agriculture Research System(CARS-15-15)

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摘要：

苗全苗壮是实现棉花丰产丰收的基础, 但棉花属于子叶全出土的双子叶植物, 播种出苗易受环境条件和播种技术的影响, 一播全苗、壮苗的难度很大。棉苗顶端弯钩及时建成和下胚轴稳健生长是棉花出苗壮苗的关键, 本文首次以单粒精播调控种子萌发出苗过程中的顶端弯钩建成和下胚轴生长的生理与分子机制为核心, 系统评述了棉花成苗壮苗的调控机制。棉花种子单粒精播、适当浅播, 促进下胚轴伸长、弯钩建成和展开的关键基因HLS1和COP1适时、适量表达, 棉苗下胚轴伸长、弯钩及时建成, 保证出土并适时展开弯钩和脱掉种壳, 正常出苗。单粒精播种子出苗后通过调控下胚轴生长关键基因HY5和ARF2表达, 下胚轴稳健生长, 形成壮苗。在此基础上, 总结提出了以单粒精播、适当浅播为核心, 配合精细整地、提高种子质量、地膜覆盖、膜下滴灌等措施的棉花成苗壮苗关键栽培技术, 为实现一播全苗、壮苗早发提供了重要参考和指导。

关键词: 棉花, 出苗, 壮苗, 调控机制, 弯钩建成, 下胚轴生长

Abstract:

Realizing full and strong stand establishment of seedlings is the basis for achieving high yields and bump harvests in cotton. However, cotton is a dicotyledonous plant whose cotyledons are successfully all unearthed for standing. Seedling emergence is susceptible to environmental conditions and seeding techniques. Therefore, it is generally more difficult for cotton to get full and strong stand establishment than other major crops. The apical hook formation and the hypocotyl growth at seed germination and emergence stages play key roles in seedling emergence and stand establishment. Here we systemically reviewed the regulation mechanism of cotton seedling growth for the first time and put forward the key agronomic cultivation techniques to promote cotton seedling growth, focusing on the physiological and molecular mechanism of hook formation and hypocotyl growth and their influencing factors. Precision monoseeding can improve timely and moderate expression of the key genes HLS1 and COP1 related to hypocotyl elongation and hook formation, which assures better stand establishment by timely formation and expansion of the hooks and timely shedding of seed shells. The hypocotyl can grow steadily and form strong seedings by regulating the expression of key genes HY5 and ARF2 related to hypocotyl growth under precision monoseeding. In this paper, the key cultivation techniques of cotton precision monoseedling, combined with fine soil preparation, improving seed quality, plastic mulching, and drip irrigation under mulching were summarized and reviewed. This review provides important reference and guidance for the improvement and development of cotton sowing and cultivation technology in cotton.

Key words: cotton, emergence, strong seedling, regulation mechanism, curved hook formation, hypocotyl growth

图1

棉花弯钩建成和下胚轴生长促进出苗壮苗的机制[3,10,27] 机械压力、光照等环境信号与乙烯、赤霉素等激素信号相互作用并最终影响生长素的合成及运输, 调控顶端弯钩生长素的不对称分布及下胚轴伸长。正常箭头表示正调控作用, T型箭头表示负调控作用, 虚线箭头表示具体作用机制未知。"

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