作物学报 ›› 2023, Vol. 49 ›› Issue (6): 1601-1615.doi: 10.3724/SP.J.1006.2023.24115
余新颖(), 王春云, 李大双, 王宗铠, 蒯婕, 汪波, 王晶, 徐正华, 周广生*()
YU Xin-Ying(), WANG Chun-Yun, LI Da-Shuang, WANG Zong-Kai, KUAI Jie, WANG Bo, WANG Jing, XU Zheng-Hua, ZHOU Guang-Sheng*()
摘要:
作物生产中, 稳产与高产同等重要。本试验以高产但稳产性存在差异的品种“湘杂油518”和“大地199”为材料, 分别在武汉和兰州进行播期、施氮量、种植密度的单因素田间试验, 测定农艺及生理指标、各处理籽粒产量, 计算其变异系数, 探究主要农艺性状与稳产性的关联度, 为油菜大面积丰产及良种选育提供理论依据。结果表明, (1) 播期、氮肥及密度显著影响油菜产量; 相同试点, 两品种的最高产量差异不显著, 但其在各处理间的稳产性差异明显; 本试验中, 大地199在不同播期、氮肥处理下产量变异系数均低于湘杂油518, 稳产性较强。(2) 与湘杂油518相比, 大地199各关键生育期的叶面积指数(leaf area index, LAI)、光能利用效率(light energy utilization efficiency, LUE)、地上部干物质累积量和花期根系形态等指标均较优, 且变异系数小, 是其高产且稳产性强的基础。(3) 灰色关联度分析发现, 各处理条件下, 油菜籽粒产量与群体角果数、花期地上部干重和平均根直径等指标关联度较大; 且产量变异系数与群体角果数、花期地上部干重和平均根直径变异系数极显著正相关。综上, 优化油菜群体角果数、花期地上部干重和平均根直径等指标, 可为油菜品种选育及大面积丰产提供理论支撑。
[1] |
袁圆, 汪波, 周广生, 刘芳, 黄俊生, 蒯婕. 播期和种植密度对油菜产量和茎秆抗倒性的影响. 中国农业科学, 2021, 54: 1613-1626.
doi: 10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2021.08.004 |
Yuan Y, Wang B, Zhou G S, Liu F, Huang J S, Kuai J. Effects of different sowing dates and planting densities on the yield and stem lodging resistance of rapeseed. Sci Agric Sin, 2021, 54: 1613-1626. (in Chinese with English abstract)
doi: 10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2021.08.004 |
|
[2] | 刘成, 冯中朝, 肖唐华, 马晓敏, 周广生, 黄凤洪, 李加纳, 王汉中. 我国油菜产业发展现状、潜力及对策. 中国油料作物学报, 2019, 41: 485-489. |
Liu C, Feng Z C, Xiao T H, Ma X M, Zhou G S, Huang F H, Li J N, Wang H Z. Development, potential and adaptation of Chinese rapeseed industry. Chin J Oil Crop Sci, 2019, 41: 485-489. (in Chinese with English abstract) | |
[3] |
蒯婕, 李真, 汪波, 刘芳, 叶俊, 周广生. 密度和行距配置对油菜苗期性状及产量形成的影响. 中国农业科学, 2021, 54: 2319-2332.
doi: 10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2021.11.006 |
Kuai J, Li Z, Wang B, Liu F, Ye J, Zhou G S. Effects of density and row spacing on seedling traits of rapeseed and seed yield. Sci Agric Sin, 2021, 54: 2319-2332. (in Chinese with English abstract)
doi: 10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2021.11.006 |
|
[4] | FAO. Statistical databases, food and agriculture organization (FAO) of the United Nations. 2020. http://www.fao.org. |
[5] |
李小勇, 周敏, 王涛, 张兰, 周广生, 蒯婕. 种植密度对油菜机械收获关键性状的影响. 作物学报, 2018, 44: 278-287.
doi: 10.3724/SP.J.1006.2018.00278 |
Li X Y, Zhou M, Wang T, Zhang L, Zhou G S, Kuai J. Effects of planting density on the mechanical harvesting characteristics of semi-winter rapeseed. Acta Agron Sin, 2018, 44: 278-287. (in Chinese with English abstract)
doi: 10.3724/SP.J.1006.2018.00278 |
|
[6] |
娄洪祥, 姬建利, 蒯婕, 汪波, 徐亮, 李真, 刘芳, 黄威, 刘暑艳, 尹羽丰, 王晶, 周广生. 种植密度对油菜正反交组合产量与倒伏相关性状的影响. 作物学报, 2021, 47: 1724-1740.
doi: 10.3724/SP.J.1006.2021.04253 |
Lou H X, Ji J L, Kuai J, Wang B, Xu L, Li Z, Liu F, Huang W, Liu S Y, Yin Y F, Wang J, Zhou G S. Effects of planting density on yield and lodging related characters of reciprocal hybrids in Brassica napus L. Acta Agron Sin, 2021, 47: 1724-1740. (in Chinese with English abstract) | |
[7] |
蒯婕, 杜雪竹, 胡曼, 曾讲学, 左青松, 吴江生, 周广生. 共生期与种植密度对棉田套播油菜生长及产量的影响. 作物学报, 2016, 42: 591-599.
doi: 10.3724/SP.J.1006.2016.00591 |
Kuai J, Du X Z, Hu M, Zeng J X, Zuo Q S, Wu J S, Zhou G S. Effect of symbiotic periods and plant densities on growth and yield of rapeseed intercropping cotton. Acta Agron Sin, 2016, 42: 591-599. (in Chinese with English abstract)
doi: 10.3724/SP.J.1006.2016.00591 |
|
[8] |
赵明, 周宝元, 马玮, 李从锋, 丁在松, 孙雪芳. 粮食作物生产系统定量调控理论与技术模式. 作物学报, 2019, 45: 485-498.
doi: 10.3724/SP.J.1006.2019.83051 |
Zhao M, Zhou B Y, Ma W, Li C F, Ding Z S, Sun X F. Theoretical and technical models of quantitative regulation in food crop production system. Acta Agron Sin, 2019, 45: 485-498. (in Chinese with English abstract)
doi: 10.3724/SP.J.1006.2019.83051 |
|
[9] | 赵明, 李建国, 张宾, 董志强, 王美云. 论作物高产挖潜的补偿机制. 作物学报, 2006, 32: 1566-1573. |
Zhao M, Li J G, Zhang B, Dong Z Q, Wang M Y. The compensatory mechanism in exploring crop production potential. Acta Agron Sin, 2006, 32: 1566-1573. (in Chinese with English abstract) | |
[10] |
严威凯. 双标图分析在农作物品种多点试验中的应用. 作物学报, 2010, 36: 1805-1819.
doi: 10.3724/SP.J.1006.2010.01805 |
Yan W K. Optimal use of biplots in analysis of multi-location variety test date. Acta Agron Sin, 2010, 36: 1805-1819. (in Chinese with English abstract) | |
[11] | 喻树迅, 黄祯茂, 姜瑞云, 原日红, 聂先舟, 徐竹生, 徐久玮. 短季棉中棉16高产稳产生化机理的研究. 中国农业科学, 1992, 25(5): 24-30. |
Yu S X, Huang Z M, Jiang R Y, Yuan R H, Nie X Z, Xu Z S, Xu J W. Researches on the biochemical mechanism of high consistent yield of short cotton Zhongmiansuo 16. Sci Agric Sin, 1992, 25(5): 24-30. (in Chinese with English abstract) | |
[12] |
周广生, 王晶, 蒯婕, 汪波. 专辑导读:加强大田经济作物栽培措施与环境/资源配置的互作研究、推动产业高效优质发展. 作物学报, 2021, 47: 1633-1638.
doi: 10.3724/SP.J.1006.2021.04633 |
Zhou G S, Wang J, Kuai J, Wang B. Editorial: strengthening the research on the interaction between cultivated measures and environment/resource allocation of field economic crops to promote the development of industry with high efficiency and high quality. Acta Agron Sin, 2021, 47: 1633-1638. (in Chinese with English abstract) | |
[13] |
蒯婕, 王积军, 左青松, 陈红琳, 高建芹, 汪波, 周广生, 傅廷栋. 长江流域直播油菜密植效应及其机理研究进展. 中国农业科学, 2018, 51: 4625-4632.
doi: 10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2018.24.004 |
Kuai J, Wang J J, Zuo Q S, Chen H L, Gao J Q, Wang B, Zhou G S, Fu T D. Effects and mechanism of higher plant density on directly-sown rapeseed in the Yangtze River basin of China. Sci Agric Sin, 2018, 51: 4625-4632. (in Chinese with English abstract)
doi: 10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2018.24.004 |
|
[14] | 黄桃翠, 李加纳, 唐世义. 2014-2015年度长江中游组区试油菜稳定性探析. 中国油料作物学报, 2016, 38: 423-430. |
Huang T C, Li J N, Tang S Y. Stability of oilseed rape varieties in 2014-2015 national rapeseed variety test in regions along midway of Yangtze River. Chin J Oil Crop Sci, 2016, 38: 423-430. (in Chinese with English abstract) | |
[15] |
许轲, 杨海生, 张洪程, 龚金龙, 沈新平, 陶小军, 戴其根, 霍中洋, 魏海燕, 高辉. 江淮下游地区水稻品种生产力纬向差异及其合理利用. 作物学报, 2014, 40: 871-890.
doi: 10.3724/SP.J.1006.2014.00871 |
Xu K, Yang H S, Zhang H C, Gong J L, Shen X P, Tao X J, Dai Q G, Huo Z Y, Wei H Y, Gao H. Latitudinal difference of rice varieties productivity in the lower Yangtze and Huai valleys and its rational utilization. Acta Agron Sin, 2014, 40: 871-890. (in Chinese with English abstract)
doi: 10.3724/SP.J.1006.2014.00871 |
|
[16] |
杨进成, 胡新洲, 沈祥宏, 李祥, 刘坚坚, 施立安, 黄彬彬, 杨占忠, 张云明, 张玉荣, 李红彦, 安正云. 不同氮肥用量对免耕山地油菜产量及其农艺性状的影响. 中国农学通报, 2019, 35(28): 11-16.
doi: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb18050035 |
Yang J C, Hu X Z, Shen X H, Li X, Liu J J, Shi L A, Huang B B, Yang Z Z, Zhang Y M, Zhang Y R, Li H Y, An Z Y. Nitrogen amounts affect yield and agronomic traits of no-till oilseed rape in plateau areas. Chin Agric Sci Bull, 2019, 35(28): 11-16. (in Chinese with English abstract)
doi: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb18050035 |
|
[17] | 王磊, 高杰, 渠建洲, 冯娇娇, 张兴华, 郝引川, 张仁和, 郭东伟, 薛吉全. 两种密度下不同玉米品种的高产稳产及适应性分析. 玉米科学, 2016, 24(2): 136-141. |
Wang L, Gao J, Qu J Z, Feng J J, Zhang X H, Hao Y C, Zhang R H, Guo D W, Xue J Q. Yield properties and adaptability of different maize varieties under two densities. J Maize Sci, 2016, 24(2): 136-141. (in Chinese with English abstract) | |
[18] | 张毅. 我国冬油菜区域试验品种的高产稳产和适应性分析. 中国油料作物学报, 2018, 40: 359-366. |
Zhang Y. Evaluation of yield stability and adaptability of varieties in national winter rapeseed regional trials in the lower reaches of Yangtze River valley. Chin J Oil Crop Sci, 2018, 40: 359-366. (in Chinese with English abstract) | |
[19] |
Zhang Y, Tang Q, Zou Y, Li D, Qin J, Yang S, Chen L, Bing X, Peng S. Yield potential and radiation use efficiency of "super" hybrid rice grown under subtropical conditions. Field Crops Res, 2009, 114: 91-98.
doi: 10.1016/j.fcr.2009.07.008 |
[20] | 宋军, 余桂容, 杜文平, 徐利远. 几种分析方法在玉米丰产与稳产性分析中的应用. 作物杂志, 2010, (2): 69-71. |
Song J, Yu G R, Du W P, Xu L Y. Application of several analytical methods in high yield and stability analysis in maize. Crops, 2010, (2): 69-71. (in Chinese with English abstract) | |
[21] | 严明建, 黄文章, 胡景涛, 吕直文, 雷树凡, 黄成志. 2个类型水稻组合主要性状的灰色关联分析. 中国农学通报, 2011, 27(15): 44-47. |
Yan M J, Huang W Z, Hu J T, Lyu Z W, Lei S F, Huang C Z. Analysis on grey correlation of mainly properties in two rice type. Chin Agric Sci Bull, 2011, 27(15): 44-47. (in Chinese with English abstract)
doi: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2010-3813 |
|
[22] | 金文林, 白琼岩. 作物区试中品种产量性状评价的秩次分析法. 作物学报, 1999, 25: 632-638. |
Jin W L, Bai Q Y. The analysis based on ranks of crop varieties in regional trials. Acta Agron Sin, 1999, 25: 632-638. (in Chinese with English abstract) | |
[23] |
Bahram M N, Elham T, Amir M, Elham F. Effect of planting date and amount of seed on light distribution and interception through canola cultivars canopy. Res Crops, 2015, 16: 485-492.
doi: 10.5958/2348-7542.2015.00067.4 |
[24] |
陈丽明, 周燕芝, 谭义青, 吴自明, 谭雪明, 曾勇军, 石庆华, 潘晓华, 曾研华. 双季机械直播早籼稻品种的丰产性和稳产性. 中国农业科学, 2020, 53: 261-272.
doi: 10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2020.02.004 |
Chen L M, Zhou Y Z, Tan Y Q, Wu Z M, Tan X M, Zeng Y J, Shi Q H, Pan X H, Zeng Y H. High and stable yield of early indica rice varieties with double-season mechanical direct seeding. Sci Agric Sin, 2020, 53: 261-272. (in Chinese with English abstract)
doi: 10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2020.02.004 |
|
[25] |
Neusa M, Sandra G, Anabela R. Aluminum inhibits root growth and induces hydrogen peroxide accumulation in Plantago algarbiensis and P. almogravensis seedlings. Protoplasma, 2013, 250: 1295-1302.
doi: 10.1007/s00709-013-0511-1 |
[26] |
Zhang Z, Chu G, Liu L, Wang Z, Wang X, Zhang H, Yang J, Zhang J. Mid-season nitrogen application strategies for rice varieties differing in panicle size. Field Crops Res, 2013, 150: 9-18.
doi: 10.1016/j.fcr.2013.06.002 |
[27] | 刘德明, 刘强, 荣湘民, 彭建伟, 谢桂先, 张玉平, 宋海星. 不同油菜品种光合作用及干物质积累对氮效率的影响. 湖南农业科学, 2010, (9): 29-31. |
Liu D M, Liu Q, Rong X M, Peng J W, Xie G X, Zhang Y P, Song H X. Influences of photosynthesis and dry matter accumulation of different oilseed rape cultivars on nitrogen use efficiency. Hunan Agric Sci, 2010, (9): 29-31 (in Chinese with English abstract). | |
[28] |
Paul M J, Foyer C H. Sink regulation of photosynthesis. J Exp Bot, 2001, 52: 1383-1400.
doi: 10.1093/jexbot/52.360.1383 pmid: 11457898 |
[29] |
Boquet D J. Cotton in ultra-narrow row spacing: plant density and nitrogen fertilizer rates. Agron J, 2005. 97: 279-287.
doi: 10.2134/agronj2005.0279 |
[30] |
Fageria N K. Influence of dry matter and length of roots on growth of five field crops at varying soil zinc and copper levels. J Plant Nutr, 2005, 27: 1517-1523.
doi: 10.1081/PLN-200025995 |
[31] |
Forde B, Lorenzo H. The nutritional control of root development. Plant Soil, 2001, 232: 51-68.
doi: 10.1023/A:1010329902165 |
[32] |
Chen Y, Shuai J B, Zhang Z, Shi P J, Tao F L. Simulating the impact of watershed management for surface water quality protection: a case study on reducing inorganic nitrogen load at a watershed scale. Ecol Engin, 2014, 62: 61-70.
doi: 10.1016/j.ecoleng.2013.10.023 |
[33] |
杨云马, 孙彦铭, 贾良良, 贾树龙, 孟春香. 磷肥施用深度对夏玉米产量及根系分布的影响. 中国农业科学, 2018, 51: 1518-1526.
doi: 10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2018.08.009 |
Yang Y M, Sun Y M, Jia L L, Jia S L, Meng C X. Effects of phosphorus fertilization depth on yield and root distribution of summer maize. Sci Agric Sin, 2018, 51: 1518-1526. (in Chinese with English abstract)
doi: 10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2018.08.009 |
|
[34] |
李杰, 张洪程, 常勇, 龚金龙, 胡雅杰, 龙厚元, 戴其根, 霍中洋, 许轲, 魏海燕, 高辉. 高产栽培条件下种植方式对超级稻根系形态生理特征的影响. 作物学报, 2011, 37: 2208-2220.
doi: 10.3724/SP.J.1006.2011.02208 |
Li J, Zhang H C, Chang Y, Gong J L, Hu Y J, Long H Y, Dai Q G, Huo Z Y, Xu K, Wei H Y, Gao H. Influence of planting methods on root system morphological and physiological characteristics of super rice under high-yielding cultivation condition. Acta Agron Sin, 2011, 37: 2208-2220. (in Chinese with English abstract)
doi: 10.3724/SP.J.1006.2011.02208 |
|
[35] | 钟丽. 油菜产量与主要性状的灰色关联度分析. 南方农业学报, 2012, 43: 421-424. |
Zhong L. Gray relational grade analysis between the rapeseed yield and related traits. J South Agric, 2012, 43: 421-424. (in Chinese with English abstract) | |
[36] | 巨霞. 不同类型春油菜光合生理指标与产量的灰色关联分析. 湖北农业科学, 2013, 52: 4041-4044. |
Ju X. Grey Correlative degree analysis of the photosynthetic indexes and yield of different types of spring rape. Hubei Agric Sci, 2013, 52: 4041-4044. (in Chinese with English abstract) | |
[37] | 刘代平, 宋海星, 刘强, 荣湘民, 彭建伟, 谢桂先, 刘浩荣. 油菜根系形态和生理特性与其氮效率的关系. 土壤, 2008, 40: 765-769. |
Liu D P, Song H X, Liu Q, Rong X M, Peng J W, Xie G X, Liu H R. Relationship between root morphologic and physiological properties and nitrogen efficiency of oilseed rape cultivars. Soils, 2008, 40: 765-769. (in Chinese with English abstract) | |
[38] | 戴敬, 郑伟, 喻义珠, 杨举善. 油菜花后光合面积变化及其与产量的关系. 中国油料作物学报, 2001, 23(2): 20-23. |
Dai J, Zheng W, Yu Y Z, Yang S J. The relationship between yield and photosynthetic area after flowering in rapeseed. Chin J Oil Crop Sci, 2001, 23(2): 20-23. (in Chinese with English abstract) | |
[39] | 甘雅文, 李隆, 李鲁华, 张伟, 王宝驹. 南疆核桃与小麦间作系统种间根直径及比根长空间分布特征. 西北农业学报, 2015, 24(5): 56-63. |
Gan Y W, Li L, Li L H, Zhang W, Wang B J. Spatial distribution of root diameter and specific root length in walnut/wheat agroforestry system in southern Xinjiang. Acta Agric Boreali-Sin, 2015, 24(5): 56-63. (in Chinese with English abstract) |
[1] | 宋毅, 李静, 谷贺贺, 陆志峰, 廖世鹏, 李小坤, 丛日环, 任涛, 鲁剑巍. 氮肥用量对冬油菜籽粒产量和品质的影响[J]. 作物学报, 2023, 49(7): 2002-2011. |
[2] | 唐玉凤, 姚敏, 何昕, 官梅, 刘忠松, 官春云, 钱论文. 甘蓝型油菜SGR基因家族的全基因组鉴定与功能分析[J]. 作物学报, 2023, 49(7): 1829-1842. |
[3] | 袁大双, 张晓莉, 朱冬鸣, 杨友鸿, 姚梦楠, 梁颖. BnMAPK2 对甘蓝型油菜耐旱性的影响[J]. 作物学报, 2023, 49(6): 1518-1531. |
[4] | 闫金垚, 宋毅, 陆志峰, 任涛, 鲁剑巍. 磷肥用量对油菜籽产量及品质的影响[J]. 作物学报, 2023, 49(6): 1668-1677. |
[5] | 杨一丹, 何督, 刘静, 张岩, 陈飞志, 巫燕飞, 杜雪竹. 寄主诱导的基因沉默干扰核盘菌致病基因OAH在甘蓝型油菜抗菌核病中的应用[J]. 作物学报, 2023, 49(6): 1542-1550. |
[6] | 陶玥玥, 盛雪雯, 徐坚, 沈园, 王海候, 陆长婴, 沈明星. 长三角水稻-油菜周年两熟温光资源分配与利用特征[J]. 作物学报, 2023, 49(5): 1327-1338. |
[7] | 杨太桦, 杨福权, 郜耿东, 殷帅, 金庆东, 徐林珊, 蒯婕, 汪波, 徐正华, 葛贤宏, 王晶, 周广生. 初步探究LncRNA在甘蓝型油菜生态型分化中的作用[J]. 作物学报, 2023, 49(5): 1197-1210. |
[8] | 张盈川, 吴晓明玉, 陶保龙, 陈丽, 鲁海琴, 赵伦, 文静, 易斌, 涂金星, 傅廷栋, 沈金雄. Bna-miR43-FBXL调控模块参与甘蓝型油菜铝胁迫的功能分析[J]. 作物学报, 2023, 49(5): 1211-1221. |
[9] | 陈慧, 肖清, 汪华栋, 文静, 马朝芝, 涂金星, 沈金雄, 傅廷栋, 易斌. 甘蓝型油菜SUMO蛋白家族成员鉴定及Bna.SUMO1.C08基因的功能研究[J]. 作物学报, 2023, 49(4): 917-925. |
[10] | 陈晓汉, 王丽琴, 汪华栋, 肖清, 陶保龙, 赵伦, 文静, 易斌, 涂金星, 傅廷栋, 沈金雄. BnABCI8影响甘蓝型油菜叶绿体发育[J]. 作物学报, 2023, 49(4): 893-905. |
[11] | 柏成成, 姚小尧, 王雨璐, 王赛玉, 李金莹, 蒋有为, 靳舒荣, 陈春杰, 刘渔, 魏星玥, 徐新福, 李加纳, 倪郁. 甘蓝型油菜长链烷烃合成相关基因的克隆及其与BnCER1-2的互作[J]. 作物学报, 2023, 49(4): 1016-1027. |
[12] | 王珍, 张晓莉, 刘淼, 姚梦楠, 孟晓静, 曲存民, 卢坤, 李加纳, 梁颖. 甘蓝型油菜BnMAPK1超量表达及中油821的转录差异表达分析[J]. 作物学报, 2023, 49(3): 856-868. |
[13] | 方娅婷, 任涛, 张顺涛, 周橡棋, 赵剑, 廖世鹏, 丛日环, 鲁剑巍. 氮磷钾肥对旱地和水田油菜产量及养分利用的影响差异[J]. 作物学报, 2023, 49(3): 772-783. |
[14] | 张文宣, 梁晓梅, 戴成, 文静, 易斌, 涂金星, 沈金雄, 傅廷栋, 马朝芝. 利用CRISPR/Cas9技术突变BnaMPK6基因降低甘蓝型油菜的耐盐性[J]. 作物学报, 2023, 49(2): 321-331. |
[15] | 陶士宝, 柯健, 孙杰, 尹传俊, 朱铁忠, 陈婷婷, 何海兵, 尤翠翠, 郭爽爽, 武立权. 长江中下游地区不同穗型中籼杂交稻高产群体农艺特征[J]. 作物学报, 2023, 49(2): 511-525. |
|