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作物学报

作物学报 ›› 2023, Vol. 49 ›› Issue (11): 3110-3121.doi: 10.3724/SP.J.1006.2023.24218

• 耕作栽培·生理生化 • 上一篇    下一篇

花生产量相关性状与气象因子多环境相关性分析

姜骁1(), 许静1, 潘丽娟1, 陈娜1, 王通1, 江晓东2, 殷祥贞1, 杨珍1, 禹山林1,*(), 迟晓元1,*   

  1. 1山东省花生研究所, 山东青岛 266100
    2江苏省农业气象重点实验室 / 南京信息工程大学应用气象学院, 江苏南京 210044
  • 收稿日期:2022-09-30 接受日期:2023-02-21 出版日期:2023-11-12 网络出版日期:2023-03-02
  • 通讯作者: 迟晓元, E-mail: chi000@126.com
  • 作者简介:E-mail: 15066223517@163.com
  • 基金资助:
    泰山学者工程专项(tsqn201812121);财政部和农业农村部国家现代农业产业技术体系建设专项(CARS-13);广东省重点领域研发计划项目(2020B020219003);山东省重点研发计划(农业良种工程)项目(2020LZGC001);山东省自然科学基金项目(ZR2021QC172);山东省重点研发计划(乡村振兴科技创新提振行动计划)项目(2022TZXD0031);新疆维吾尔自治区重大科技专项(2022A02008-3)

Peanut yield-related traits and meteorological factors correlation analysis in multiple environments

JIANG Xiao1(), XU Jing1, PAN Li-Juan1, CHEN Na1, WANG Tong1, JIANG Xiao-Dong2, YIN Xiang-Zhen1, YANG Zhen1, YU Shan-Lin1,*(), CHI Xiao-Yuan1,*   

  1. 1Shandong Peanut Research Institute, Qingdao 266100, Shandong, China
    2Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Agricultural Meteorology / College of Applied Meteorology, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing 210044, Jiangsu, China
  • Received:2022-09-30 Accepted:2023-02-21 Published:2023-11-12 Published online:2023-03-02
  • Supported by:
    Taishan Scholar Project Funding(tsqn201812121);China Agriculture Research System of MOF and MARA(CARS-13);Key-Area Research and Development Program of Guangdong Province(2020B020219003);Research and Development Program of Shandong Province (the Improved Variety Engineering Project)(2020LZGC001);Natural Science Fund of Shandong Province(ZR2021QC172);Key Research and Development Plan of Shandong Province (Action Plan to Boost Scientific and Technological Innovation in Rural Revitalization)(2022TZXD0031);Major Scientific and Technological Project in Xinjiang(2022A02008-3)

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摘要：

花生(Arachis hypogea L.)是重要的经济和油料作物, 提高花生产量对保障油料安全和农民增收具有积极作用。2013—2016年, 本研究利用11个花生品种共77环境的花生产量相关性状数据和气象数据, 分析了花生产量相关性状与气象因子的相关性。研究发现, 主茎高和侧枝长与平均气温、全生育期光照时数、平均昼夜温差和平均风速极显著相关; 分枝数与全生育期≥10℃活动积温和平均昼夜温差极显著相关; 单株结果数和单株饱果数与全生育期光照时数和全生育期降水量极显著相关; 荚果产量与全生育期≥10℃活动积温、全生育期降水量、平均昼夜温差和平均气温极显著相关。本研究对指导各地规划花生种植期、提高花生产量具有重要指导意义。

关键词: 花生, 产量相关性状, 环境因子, 相关性分析

Abstract:

Peanut (Arachis hypogea L.) is an important cash and oil crop, and increasing peanut yield has a positive effect on the ensuring edible oil security and increasing farmers income. In this study, the correlation analysis were conducted between peanut yield-related traits of 11 varieties and the meteorological data in 77 environments from 2013 to 2016. We found that main stem height and branch length were extremely significantly correlated with the average temperature, all-growth-stage sunshine duration, the average diurnal temperature variation, and the average wind speed. Branch number was extremely significantly correlated with the all-growth-stage ≥10℃ accumulated temperature and the average diurnal temperature variation. Pod number per plant and mature pod number per plant were extremely significantly correlated with the all-growth-stage sunshine duration and precipitation. Pod yield was significantly correlated with the ≥10℃ accumulated temperature, the precipitation in the whole growth period, the average diurnal temperature variation, and the average temperature. It is important guiding significance for planning peanut planting and improving peanut yield in various regions.

Key words: Arachis hypogea L., yield-related traits, meteorological factor, the correlation analysis

表1

花生多环境种植分布"

年份
Year		 种植品种
Planting variety		 种植地点
Plant location
2013 花育19号, 花育21号, 花育30号, 花育33号, 冀花10号, 冀花9号, 徐花13号
Huayu 19, Huayu 21, Huayu 30, Huayu 33, Jihua 10, Jihua 9, Xuhua 13		 安徽合肥, 福建泉州, 广东湛江, 广西贺州, 贵州贵阳, 河北保定, 河南开封, 河南驻马店, 湖北黄冈, 湖南邵阳, 吉林四平, 江苏徐州, 江西赣州, 辽宁阜新, 辽宁锦州, 山东临沂, 山东潍坊, 山东烟台, 山西汾阳, 四川南充
Hefei, Anhui; Quanzhou, Fujian; Zhanjiang, Guangdong; Hezhou, Guangxi; Guiyang, Guizhou; Baoding, Hebei; Kaifeng, Henan; Zhumadian, Henan; Huanggang, Hubei; Shaoyang, Hunan; Siping, Jilin; Xuzhou, Jiangsu; Ganzhou, Jiangxi; Fuxin, Liaoning; Jinzhou, Liaoning; Linyi, Shandong; Weifang, Shandong; Yantai, Shandong; Fenyang, Shanxi; Nanchong, Sichuan
2014 花育17号, 花育19号, 花育21号, 花育30号, 花育33号, 冀花10号, 冀花9号, 闽花6号, 徐花13号, 徐花9号, 中花6号
Huayu 17, Huayu 19, Huayu 21, Huayu 30, Huayu 33, Jihua 10, Jihua 9, Minhua 6, Xuhua 13, Xuhua 9, Zhonghua 6		 安徽合肥, 福建泉州, 广东湛江, 广西贺州, 贵州贵阳, 河北保定, 河南开封, 河南驻马店, 湖北黄冈, 湖南邵阳, 吉林四平, 江苏徐州, 江西赣州, 辽宁阜新, 辽宁锦州, 山东临沂, 山东潍坊, 山东烟台, 山西汾阳, 四川南充
Hefei, Anhui; Quanzhou, Fujian; Zhanjiang, Guangdong; Hezhou, Guangxi; Guiyang, Guizhou; Baoding, Hebei; Kaifeng, Henan; Zhumadian, Henan; Huanggang, Hubei; Shaoyang, Hunan; Siping, Jilin; Xuzhou, Jiangsu; Ganzhou, Jiangxi; Fuxin, Liaoning; Jinzhou, Liaoning; Linyi, Shandong; Weifang, Shandong; Yantai, Shandong; Fenyang, Shanxi; Nanchong, Sichuan
2015 花育17号, 花育19号, 花育21号, 花育30号, 花育33号, 冀花10号, 冀花9号, 闽花6号, 徐花13号, 徐花9号, 中花6号
Huayu 17, Huayu 19, Huayu 21, Huayu 30, Huayu 33, Jihua 10, Jihua 9, Minhua 6, Xuhua 13, Xuhua 9, Zhonghua 6		 广东湛江(春), 广东湛江(秋), 广西贺州(春), 广西贺州(秋), 河北保定, 河南开封, 湖北黄冈, 湖南邵阳, 吉林四平, 江苏徐州, 江西赣州, 辽宁阜新, 辽宁锦州, 山东潍坊, 山东烟台, 山西汾阳, 四川南充
Zhanjiang, Guangdong (spring); Zhanjiang, Guangdong (autumn); Hezhou, Guangxi (spring); Hezhou, Guangxi (autumn); Baoding, Hebei; Kaifeng, Henan; Huanggang, Hubei; Shaoyang, Hunan; Siping, Jilin; Xuzhou, Jiangsu; Ganzhou, Jiangxi; Fuxin, Liaoning; Jinzhou, Liaoning; Weifang, Shandong; Yantai, Shandong; Fenyang, Shanxi; Nanchong, Sichuan
2016 花育17号, 花育19号, 花育21号, 花育30号, 花育33号, 冀花10号, 冀花9号, 闽花6号, 徐花13号, 徐花9号, 中花6号
Huayu 17, Huayu 19, Huayu 21, Huayu 30, Huayu 33, Jihua 10, Jihua 9, Minhua 6, Xuhua 13, Xuhua 9, Zhonghua 6		 安徽合肥, 福建泉州, 广东湛江, 广西贺州, 贵州贵阳, 河北保定, 河南开封, 河南驻马店, 湖北黄冈, 湖南邵阳, 吉林四平, 江苏徐州, 江西赣州, 辽宁阜新, 辽宁锦州, 山东临沂, 山东青岛, 山东潍坊, 山西汾阳, 四川南充
Hefei, Anhui; Quanzhou, Fujian; Zhanjiang, Guangdong; Hezhou, Guangxi; Guiyang, Guizhou; Baoding, Hebei; Kaifeng, Henan; Zhumadian, Henan; Huanggang, Hubei; Shaoyang, Hunan; Siping, Jilin; Xuzhou, Jiangsu; Ganzhou, Jiangxi; Fuxin, Liaoning; Jinzhou, Liaoning; Linyi, Shandong; Qingdao, Shandong; Weifang, Shandong; Fenyang, Shanxi; Nanchong, Sichuan

表2

每年各花生品种表型数据统计"

年份
Year		 品种
Variety		 主茎高
Main stem height (cm)		 侧枝长
Branch length (cm)		 分枝数(个)
Branch number		 单株结果数(个)
Pod number per plant		 单株饱果数(个)
Mature pod number per plant		 荚果产量
Pod yield (kg hm-²)
范围
Range		 均值
Mean		 CV 范围
Range		 均值
Mean		 CV 范围
Range		 均值
Mean		 CV 范围
Range		 均值
Mean		 CV 范围
Range		 均值
Mean		 CV 范围
Range		 均值
Mean		 CV
2013 花育19号 Huayu 19 23.6-70.8 47.48 0.27 28.4-82.6 51.85 0.27 6.3-10.4 8.32 0.14 8.5-32.3 19.80 0.40 1.0-32.3 14.53 0.56 1000.5-6415.5 4060.95 0.29
花育21号 Huayu 21 25.6-69.4 46.56 0.27 30.3-78.8 52.03 0.26 7.4-11.0 9.32 0.12 9.0-31.0 20.32 0.35 1.2-30.2 14.36 0.52 1294.5-6085.5 3816.45 0.28
花育30号 Huayu 30 25.6-82.0 46.80 0.29 31.5-83.4 50.46 0.27 6.5-11.5 8.40 0.15 9.0-54.4 20.74 0.49 1.7-27.9 13.98 0.53 985.5-6315 4087.65 0.30
花育33号 Huayu 33 20.5-67.2 43.13 0.28 26.0-68.1 46.52 0.25 5.5-10.1 8.08 0.15 10.2-31.0 19.86 0.30 2.4-24.5 15.09 0.44 1105.5-5770.5 4013.25 0.27
冀花9号 Jihua 9 22.2-67.9 41.68 0.32 19.8-65.3 40.97 0.30 6.0-12.8 7.67 0.19 8.8-44.8 20.63 0.41 1.2-27.2 14.44 0.48 739.5-5880.0 3713.85 0.33
冀花10号 Jihua 10 17.7-69.8 37.24 0.35 26.2-74.9 46.73 0.30 7.0-16.0 10.20 0.27 10.0-49.0 21.54 0.43 3.5-26.3 15.58 0.42 795.0-5845.5 3855.15 0.30
徐花13号 Xuhua13 20.6-66.6 42.70 0.31 25.2-70.1 46.78 0.28 5.0-9.0 7.41 0.17 8.9-34.0 19.15 0.34 2.6-26.5 14.61 0.44 1275.0-6184.5 4130.55 0.28
2014 花育17号 Huayu 17 16.8-85.4 43.99 0.41 17.0-95.9 49.67 0.41 5.0-15.2 7.66 0.29 9.3-31.9 19.62 0.37 6.2-24.3 14.65 0.43 1585.5-7269.0 4423.35 0.38
花育19号 Huayu 19 21.4-89.3 44.59 0.37 23.6-105.0 49.90 0.38 4.8-16.5 8.39 0.33 9.0-31.9 18.83 0.39 6.2-24.8 13.83 0.45 2265.0-6790.5 4372.95 0.29
花育21号 Huayu 21 16.0-99.8 44.06 0.46 18.8-100.4 48.19 0.41 6.0-20.0 8.84 0.34 7.2-31.0 18.46 0.35 5.0-30.2 13.10 0.49 2520.0-6744.0 4223.70 0.30
花育30号 Huayu 30 16.9-83.8 43.88 0.36 20.1-86.2 48.06 0.33 5.8-14.6 8.42 0.25 8.9-54.4 20.17 0.47 7.3-43.0 15.00 0.58 1455.0-7845.0 4379.55 0.40
花育33号 Huayu 33 20.5-71.1 40.98 0.36 23.5-81.8 45.21 0.34 4.7-15.1 8.07 0.26 9.2-31.0 19.29 0.30 6.5-23.4 14.88 0.34 2655.0-7575.0 4489.35 0.32
冀花9号 Jihua 9 15.3-66.9 33.86 0.36 18.5-65.7 37.83 0.31 5.4-17.1 8.08 0.32 8.7-44.8 19.72 0.39 6.4-32.0 14.33 0.47 2389.5-6901.5 4115.85 0.32
冀花10号 Jihua 10 18.9-94.0 41.27 0.43 20.4-102.0 47.28 0.40 6.0-19.2 10.24 0.38 11.1-49.0 20.82 0.43 6.1-36.0 15.53 0.49 1950.0-7920.0 4284.00 0.38
徐花9号 Xuhua 9 15.9-77.3 38.12 0.44 18.1-75.0 43.54 0.37 5.3-16.5 7.71 0.32 7.6-26.5 16.07 0.26 6.2-21.5 12.20 0.33 1701.0-6150.0 3726.15 0.28
徐花13号 Xuhua 13 16.9-78.3 39.56 0.40 17.1-84.5 43.00 0.39 5.6-13.2 7.76 0.22 10.1-34.0 18.11 0.31 7.2-26.8 13.57 0.40 2040.0-8775.0 4382.85 0.38
中花6号 Zhonghua 6 18.5-102.0 49.16 0.51 21.9-102.5 53.36 0.41 6.1-14.7 8.46 0.30 11.2-63.2 21.89 0.56 9.1-41.9 16.59 0.50 2350.5-7650.0 3625.35 0.39
闽花6号 Minhua 6 17.8-89.5 44.28 0.39 20.8-93.4 52.59 0.38 4.4-12.7 7.23 0.28 7.0-28.1 16.72 0.34 5.5-22.3 12.13 0.38 675.0-6750.0 4023.15 0.38
2015 花育17号 Huayu 17 19.9-56.3 41.03 0.23 22.8-59.0 46.75 0.24 5.0-9.4 7.24 0.21 9.0-39.4 18.53 0.49 5.2-29.0 12.30 0.54 1800.0-7129.5 4809.45 0.36
花育19号 Huayu 19 19.7-61.8 42.16 0.28 21.4-62.9 45.88 0.28 6.0-13.2 8.06 0.24 9.6-33.8 18.64 0.37 4.7-24.7 12.67 0.43 1789.5-7365.0 4774.20 0.33
花育21号 Huayu 21 20.9-53.7 39.56 0.26 23.3-61.8 44.99 0.28 5.2-10.2 7.97 0.19 7.2-32.3 16.93 0.40 4.3-25.3 11.45 0.53 2470.5-6945.0 4619.40 0.31
花育30号 Huayu 30 18.9-54.8 40.88 0.25 21.9-63.0 45.47 0.26 5.9-9.2 7.43 0.12 8.9-40.2 18.73 0.51 4.2-25.0 12.24 0.54 1770.0-6723.0 4574.70 0.33
花育33号 Huayu 33 18.2-56.9 39.35 0.28 20.9-58.4 43.98 0.26 4.4-11.3 7.73 0.24 9.1-37.3 18.92 0.51 5.2-31.3 13.73 0.64 2250.0-7215.0 4723.80 0.32
冀花9号 Jihua 9 16.0-61.3 35.05 0.33 19.3-55.3 39.00 0.27 5.0-8.7 7.25 0.16 7.6-54.6 19.96 0.64 4.6-39.5 13.72 0.70 960.0-6363.0 4381.80 0.34
冀花10号 Jihua 10 16.4-56.9 38.84 0.30 19.4-68.0 44.86 0.30 5.4-17.4 8.85 0.30 8.1-43.1 20.17 0.46 6.4-35.7 14.55 0.57 1365.0-6600.0 4448.55 0.36
徐花9号 Xuhua 9 14.5-52.7 33.59 0.30 18.7-62.6 38.39 0.29 5.4-9.2 7.26 0.15 4.4-25.4 15.76 0.35 3.6-19.4 11.22 0.45 1185.0-5935.5 3604.65 0.39
徐花13号 Xuhua 13 17.0-58.5 38.16 0.28 18.6-60.5 41.83 0.26 5.2-10.0 7.29 0.18 8.0-42.1 17.87 0.58 5.1-36.1 13.61 0.66 2280.0-6450.0 4510.65 0.32
中花6号 Zhonghua 6 20.6-61.7 42.31 0.27 22.1-67.6 47.26 0.28 5.0-16.6 7.10 0.38 8.5-34.0 18.03 0.42 6.7-26.3 13.86 0.47 2050.5-7537.5 3788.55 0.37
闽花6号 Minhua 6 17.9-56.0 41.50 0.26 22.6-65.7 48.07 0.26 5.0-9.8 6.81 0.22 9.1-43.2 18.62 0.50 5.5-33.0 14.39 0.58 2794.5-6304.5 4312.35 0.25
2016 花育17号Huayu 17 17.6-71.0 40.33 0.32 17.9-73.4 44.81 0.31 4.1-13.6 7.38 0.27 5.6-44.6 18.91 0.53 3.8-33.2 13.90 0.65 2400.0-7098.0 4401.90 0.28
花育19号 Huayu 19 20.3-78.8 41.97 0.34 18.1-84.7 45.41 0.37 4.2-14.8 7.85 0.28 8.4-35.6 17.71 0.46 4.3-26.5 12.82 0.59 2655.0-6010.5 4239.45 0.23
花育21号 Huayu 21 21.8-70.6 40.74 0.30 20.5-78.5 45.28 0.33 4.5-18.4 8.41 0.32 8.3-30.4 17.68 0.43 4.2-27.5 12.39 0.59 2190.0-5836.5 4030.05 0.25
花育30号 Huayu 30 23.4-65.9 41.43 0.27 21.6-75.2 45.35 0.30 4.5-15.2 7.59 0.28 7.2-36.6 17.97 0.39 5.1-26.1 12.64 0.48 2385.0-6789.0 4277.55 0.29
花育33号 Huayu 33 19.6-62.4 39.18 0.30 23.9-67.1 43.88 0.29 4.3-14.2 7.19 0.30 6.7-32.3 16.49 0.39 3.6-26.0 12.57 0.48 2025.0-6675.0 4514.85 0.28
冀花9号 Jihua 9 18.8-55.0 34.03 0.30 18.3-60.8 37.57 0.30 4.1-15.6 7.36 0.32 10.9-36.4 18.90 0.38 3.8-33.2 13.76 0.52 2595.0-6096.0 4162.20 0.24
冀花10号 Jihua 10 20.6-60.4 38.62 0.28 19.5-67.5 43.98 0.31 4.9-19.4 8.67 0.35 9.4-32.3 19.18 0.38 5.5-27.2 13.86 0.48 2400.0-6148.5 4076.55 0.26
徐花9号 Xuhua 9 17.9-60.8 33.16 0.31 18.7-62.2 38.26 0.28 4.3-14.4 6.88 0.31 7.8-27.1 15.27 0.38 3.3-20.9 10.83 0.50 1780.5-5236.5 3366.60 0.30
徐花13号 Xuhua 13 20.4-63.4 39.02 0.30 22.1-68.1 42.55 0.31 4.2-15.9 7.53 0.38 6.4-34.4 19.03 0.41 4.2-27.2 14.57 0.50 2380.5-6507.0 4449.00 0.30
中花6号 Zhonghua 6 21.5-74.8 42.52 0.33 21.6-74.0 47.93 0.34 4.1-13.0 6.60 0.30 7.4-31.8 18.00 0.36 5.4-28.7 14.12 0.45 2205.0-4918.5 3477.90 0.24
闽花6号Minhua 6 19.6-76.0 40.20 0.32 21.9-75.4 45.67 0.30 4.3-12.6 6.58 0.28 5.4-34.8 18.07 0.43 3.8-32.5 13.92 0.55 2274.0-5655.0 3922.65 0.23

图1

产量相关性状各地表型数据统计分析"

表3

产量相关性状基因型和环境因子双因素方差分析"

性状
Trait		 因子
Source		 自由度
DF		 总方差
Sum_Sq		 平均方差
Mean_Sq		 F值
F-value		 Pr (>F)
主茎高
Main stem height		 G 10 6977 697.7 28.08 <2e-16***
E 76 118,249 1555.9 62.62 <2e-16***
GbyE 661 16,424 24.8
侧枝长
Branch length		 G 10 8062 806.2 13.35 <2e-16***
E 76 130,243 1713.7 28.37 <2e-16***
GbyE 661 39,926 60.4
分枝数
Branch number		 G 10 368.9 36.89 25.22 <2e-16***
E 74 2415.7 32.64 22.32 <2e-16***
GbyE 649 949.2 1.46
单株结果数
Pod number per plant		 G 10 869 86.9 5.754 2.67e-8***
E 72 34,113 473.8 31.381 <2e-16***
GbyE 625 9436 15.1
单株饱果数
Mature pod number per plant		 G 10 2234 223 3.672 8.82e-5***
E 70 853,447 12192 200.38 <2e-16***
GbyE 605 36,811 61
荚果产量
Pod yield		 G 10 242,097 24210 16.55 <2e-16***
E 75 4,451,136 59348 40.56 <2e-16***
GbyE 645 943,775 1463

图2

产量相关性状与气象因子相关性分析 *、**和***分别代表在P < 0.05、P < 0.01和P < 0.001水平差异显著。T1、T2、T3、T4、T5和T6分别代表主茎高、侧枝长、分枝数、单株结果数、单株饱果数和荚果产量。X1、X2、X3、X4、X5和X6分别代表全生育期的≥10℃活动积温、生育期日照时数、全生育期降水量、平均昼夜温差、日平均气温和平均风速。"

图3

产量相关性状主成分分析"

表4

不同花生品种产量相关性状的主成分分析"

性状
Trait		 主成分1
Principal component 1		 主成分2
Principal component 2		 主成分3
Principal component 3
主茎高 Main stem height 0.70 -0.69 -0.07
侧枝长 Branch length 0.75 -0.65 -0.03
分枝数 Branch number 0.48 0.10 0.33
单株结果数 Pod number per plant 0.69 0.67 -0.01
单株饱果数 Mature pod number per plant 0.68 0.68 -0.04
荚果产量 Pod yield -0.06 -0.07 0.95
特征值 Eigenvalue 2.22 1.81 1.02
贡献率 Contribution rate (%) 36.99 30.19 16.94
累计贡献率 Accumulative contribution rate (%) 36.99 67.19
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