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Acta Agron Sin ›› 2009, Vol. 35 ›› Issue (4): 620-630.doi: 10.3724/SP.J.1006.2009.00620

• CROP GENETICS & BREEDING·GERMPLASM RESOURCES·MOLECULAR GENETICS • Previous Articles     Next Articles

Heterosis,Combining Ability and Their Genetic Basis of Yield among Key Parental Materials of soybean in Huang-Huai Valleys

YANG Jia-Yin12,GAI Jun-Yi1*   

  1. 1Soybean Research Institute of Nanjing Agricultural University/National Center for Soybean Improvement/National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm enhancement,Nanjing 210095,China;2Huaiyin Institute of Agricultural Sciences of xuhuai Region,Huaian 223001,China
  • Received:2008-09-26 Revised:2008-12-13 Online:2009-04-12 Published:2009-02-13
  • Contact: GAI Jun-Yi E-mail:sri@njau.edu.cn

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Abstract:

In recent years, breeding for hybrid cultivars of soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] for utiliazation of heterosis has been paid great attention, but there are few reports published on the fundamental aspects regarding the heterosis in soybeans.. In fact, for a real utilization of hybrid soybean, the important prerequisite is high heterosis. Therefore, a fundamental effort in hybrid breeding is the choice of parents and identification of superior hybrid combinations. In the paper, heterosis and combining ability were determined using eight key parental materials, including seven from Huang-Huai region and one from US as well as their 28 F1 diallel crosses in Huaian, Jiangsu, China from 2003 to 2005, and relationships between F1 performance and its pedigree-based and SSR-based genetic distances were investigated. The results showed that there were heterobeltiosis in yield among parents in Huang-Huai region with average heterobeltiosis of 20.39%, and a big difference among hybridized combinations with a range from –5.34% to 76.88%. We screened combinations, among them, Yudou 22 × Jindou 27, Huaidou 4 × Jindou 27, and Youbian 30 × Meng 9024 had the heterobeltiosis in yield of 76.88%, 29.90%, and 34.42%, respectively. Among those parents used above, Youbian 30 and Jindou 27 were the elite. Heterosis of pods per plant and seeds per plant were relatively in accord with yield heterosis. Yield heterosis in parents was related to general combining ability(GCA) and specific combining ability(SCA). One of parents has high GCA or both have high GCA and high SCA in high-yield combinations. Parents-based cluster and SSR-based cluster analysis revealed that genetic relationships for eight parents were basically consistent, and eight parents were grouped into two groups, one including six varieties from middle and south of Huang-Huai region, the other consisting of one from Shanxi and one from America. Therefore, certain genetic distanceis require for a cross with high heterosis and high yield, but genetic distance is not an only determinant factor for high-yield heterosis.

Key words: Soybean, Yield, Heterosis, General combining ability, Specific combining ability, Coefficient of parentage, SSR marker

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