8种水旱环境下2个玉米群体穗部性状QTL间的上位性及环境互作效应分析

doi:10.3724/SP.J.1006.2019.83059

Abstract

Abstract:

Exploring genetic mechanisms of ear related traits in maize (Zea mays) under drought stress is important in maize molecular breeding for drought tolerance and high yield. Two F_2:3 populations, namely 202 F_2:3 families (LT_POP) and 218 F_2:3 families (CT_POP) derived from the common male parent TS141 with drought-sensitive and larger ear and female parents Langhuang/Chang 7-2 with higher drought tolerance and small ear were used to investigate ear weight (EW), cob weight (CW), grain weight (GW), 100-kernel weight (KW), kernel ratio (KR), and ear length (EL) under eight watering environments, and then to analyze quantitative trait locus (QTL) in a single environment by composite interval mapping (CIM) and in the eight environments by mixed linear model based on composite interval mapping (MCIM). Sixty-two QTLs for ear related traits were detected in two F_2:3 populations in a single environment by CIM, among than 38 QTLs were mapped under water-stressed environments, and further analysis showed that ten stable QTLs (sQTLs) were simultaneously identified in two F_2:3 populations under multiple water-stressed environments, these sQTLs were located in Bin 1.01-1.03, Bin 1.03-1.04, Bin 1.05, Bin 1.07, Bin 1.07-1.08, Bin 2.04, Bin 4.08, Bin 5.06-5.07, Bin 6.05, and Bin 9.04-9.06. Fifty-four joint QTLs for ear related traits were identified in the eight environments by joint analysis with MCIM, among than 24 had significant QTL by environment interaction (QTL×E), and 17 significant epistatic interactions with additive by additive/dominance (AA/AD) effects, with less phenotypic variation. These results lay a foundation for systematically revealing molecular genetic mechanism of ear related traits, these sQTLs detected in two F_2:3 populations under multiple environments are important genomic regions that could be used in positional cloning and molecular breeding for drought tolerance and high yield, however, more attention should be paid to the effects of environment or epistatic interaction.

Key words: maize (Zea mays), drought, ear correlative traits, QTL, QTL by environment interaction (QTL×E), epistasis

Xiao-Qiang ZHAO,Bin REN,Yun-Ling PENG,Ming-Xia XU,Peng FANG,Ze-Long ZHUANG,Jin-Wen ZHANG,Wen-Jing ZENG,Qiao-Hong GAO,Yong-Fu DING,Fen-Qi CHEN. Epistatic and QTL × environment interaction effects for ear related traits in two maize (Zea mays) populations under eight watering environments[J].Acta Agronomica Sinica, 2019, 45(6): 856-871.

Figures/Tables 8

Fig. 1

Table 1

Phenotypic value of six ear related traits in F2:3 population (LTPOP/CTPOP) under eight watering environments"

性状Trait	环境 Env.		双亲 Parents					F₁杂交种 F₁hybrid		LT_POP群体 LT_POP population
性状Trait	环境 Env.		廊黄 Langhuang		TS141			F_1LT		均值 Mean		变幅 Range		变异系数 CV (%)		偏度Skewness		峰度Kurtosis
EW	E1		71.33±6.89		111.30±9.72			184.27±7.03		149.81±43.25		52.85-285.91		28.87		0.315		0.313
(g)	E2		66.58±7.95		100.67±8.44			163.51±6.79		133.19±51.83		43.27-265.43		38.92		0.453		-0.327
	E3		88.29±10.43		128.85±6.45			197.80±6.74		163.19±41.49		70.21-281.87		25.42		0.086		-0.338
	E4		84.14±6.77		110.56±8.01			169.14±7.83		152.76±51.41		52.27-276.94		33.65		0.382		-0.577
CW	E1		12.53±1.65		29.90±2.15			33.71±2.81		27.65±9.43		9.47-53.31		34.11		0.326		-0.490
(g)	E2		9.85±1.23		21.81±1.89			26.58±2.44		25.11±8.23		7.91-50.34		32.77		0.230		-0.051
	E3		15.75±2.05		33.78±3.13			37.83±3.15		30.79±10.85		10.87-60.03		35.22		0.636		-0.141
	E4		11.66±2.78		23.04±2.61			31.09±3.07		28.17±9.56		8.50-51.23		33.92		0.294		-0.410
GW	E1		59.81±4.70		82.40±4.82			150.56±5.11		123.16±33.98		65.07-208.15		27.59		0.815		0.206
(g)	E2		56.73±3.96		71.92±3.17			136.93±5.09		108.22±24.72		61.14-186.27		22.84		-0.192		-0.887
	E3		64.54±4.51		85.07±4.66			159.97±4.85		132.46±25.05		68.94-207.92		18.91		-0.620		0.753
	E4		60.48±5.03		73.52±4.49			138.05±4.23		125.01±23.36		65.31-194.58		18.68		0.904		0.727
KW	E1		19.70±2.51		25.15±1.67			40.06±3.40		27.05±7.52		18.40-50.15		27.80		0.853		0.728
(g)	E2		15.80±1.38		20.05±1.41			33.95±4.18		25.65±6.39		12.00-45.50		24.91		0.308		-0.376
	E3		20.55±1.62		32.70±1.72			43.97±3.79		33.80±7.20		13.75-60.25		21.30		0.617		-0.407
	E4		25.70±1.70		24.80±2.03			31.20±3.73		25.90±6.45		13.35-45.50		24.90		0.467		-0.339
性状Trait		环境 Env.		双亲 Parents				F₁杂交种 F₁hybrid		LT_POP群体 LT_POP population
性状Trait		环境 Env.		廊黄 Langhuang		TS141		F_1LT		均值 Mean		变幅 Range		变异系数 CV (%)		偏度Skewness		峰度Kurtosis
KR	E1		83.43±1.84		77.34±1.67		83.93±2.01		81.59±4.94		70.63-91.08		6.05		0.711		-0.095
	E2		81.02±1.35		73.08±1.55		82.15±1.84		78.80±5.79		65.97-88.84		7.35		-0.093		0.268
	E3		85.14±1.42		79.62±1.73		85.92±1.85		83.01±5.05		71.89-92.51		6.08		-0.216		0.670
	E4		82.26±1.61		73.98±1.89		83.93±1.79		80.56±5.93		68.05-89.93		7.36		-0.326		-0.431
EL	E1		9.23±1.68		15.33±1.74		20.17±1.40		15.74±2.72		9.18-22.78		17.29		-0.069		0.000
(cm)	E2		8.05±1.21		13.10±1.46		18.83±2.05		14.82±3.08		8.20-21.30		20.74		-0.203		-0.855
	E3		9.55±2.02		15.62±1.31		20.84±1.87		15.81±2.92		9.10-23.20		18.46		0.073		-0.089
	E4		8.72±1.04		12.60±1.76		17.68±1.92		15.07±2.52		8.21-19.80		16.69		-0.497		0.047
			双亲 Parents				F₁杂交种 F₁hybrid		CT_POP群体 CT_POP population
			昌7-2 Chang 7-2		TS141		F_1CT		均值 Mean		变幅 Range		变异系数 CV (%)		偏度Skewness		峰度Kurtosis
EW	E5		63.68±4.57		107.64±7.99		235.32±7.15		121.00±39.89		27.07-224.56		32.97		0.528		0.041
(g)	E6		59.05±6.22		96.47±6.80		215.76±6.98		111.20±38.62		22.34-211.91		34.73		0.596		0.152
	E7		54.79±3.16		101.26±5.43		228.43±7.68		105.30±38.29		13.20-200.00		36.37		-0.033		-0.191
	E8		50.00±2.69		90.43±5.90		205.37±8.03		90.03±41.93		12.07-198.34		46.26		0.238		-0.220
CW	E5		6.86±3.30		21.41±3.88		30.28±1.89		17.51±6.71		4.24-41.21		38.33		0.577		0.619
(g)	E6		5.90±5.28		17.68±4.72		26.77±2.01		15.81±5.84		4.16-35.99		36.94		0.701		1.037
	E7		6.22±2.19		18.64±3.61		28.95±1.68		16.81±5.74		5.09-32.56		34.14		0.258		-0.119
	E8		5.03±3.00		15.11±2.45		23.72±1.74		14.49±6.12		4.03-32.08		42.26		0.425		-0.368
GW	E5		56.82±4.01		86.25±3.77		205.07±7.56		104.49±33.19		25.17-184.38		31.76		-0.911		0.150
(g)	E6		52.12±3.65		73.79±4.09		189.99±6.70		95.39±28.05		19.78-180.21		29.41		0.228		1.006
	E7		49.57±4.22		82.63±4.73		199.48±5.79		89.87±30.82		10.92-174.89		34.29		0.858		0.417
	E8		43.97±3.99		70.32±4.36		180.55±6.04		77.54±31.21		9.95-173.24		40.25		0.325		0.271
KW	E5		15.15±1.24		23.40±2.14		34.77±2.13		25.20±6.27		6.15-46.14		24.88		0.275		0.761
(g)	E6		13.95±1.90		20.10±1.00		29.94±1.78		22.00±7.50		5.05-45.60		34.09		0.435		1.069
	E7		14.05±1.05		21.21±1.12		31.26±1.69		22.80±6.29		8.40-42.71		27.58		0.483		0.407
	E8		10.80±1.76		14.97±1.33		28.78±1.55		21.60±5.37		6.15-44.43		24.86		0.438		0.696
KR	E5		87.22±2.16		80.19±2.32		88.36±1.69		85.50±4.89		73.47-90.80		5.72		0.916		0.188
	E6		85.81±2.02		73.73±1.85		86.03±1.57		83.17±5.63		65.13-87.96		6.77		-0.470		0.735
	E7		84.64±1.90		79.42±2.13		84.75±1.96		84.04±5.30		71.90-91.83		6.31		0.438		-0.307
	E8		80.09±2.11		70.68±2.26		80.77±2.01		79.99±6.37		62.38-90.48		7.96		0.691		-0.740
EL	E5		8.15±2.36		13.15±1.77		21.86±2.04		13.55±2.50		7.30-21.20		18.47		0.522		0.903
(cm)	E6		7.02±2.69		10.44±3.10		17.99±1.21		12.49±2.32		6.80-20.60		18.59		0.164		0.455
	E7		7.08±1.57		12.53±2.85		19.78±11.36		12.91±2.14		7.30-20.30		16.57		0.357		0.723
	E8		6.00±2.31		10.48±2.08		16.04±1.02		12.01±2.59		5.70-18.30		21.52		-0.283		-0.218

Table 1

Fig. 2

Fig.3

Table 4

Joint QTLs and QTL×E for six ear related traits detected in F2:3 population (LTPOP/CTPOP) across multiple environments with MCIM"

性状Trait	QTL	Chr.	QTL位置 QTL position			A	AE1/ AE5	AE2/ AE6	AE3/ AE7	AE4/ AE8	h²_A (%)	h²_AE (%)
性状Trait	QTL	Chr.	cM	Mb	标记区间 Marker interval	A	AE1/ AE5	AE2/ AE6	AE3/ AE7	AE4/ AE8	h²_A (%)	h²_AE (%)
LT_POP群体 LT_POP population
EW	qEW-Ch.1-2	1	60.7	0.05	umc2025-umc1395	-2.07					12.56
	qEW-J2-1	2	89.2	4.40	bnlg1520-umc1736	-1.55		-0.81	-0.95		9.43	7.08
	qEW-Ch.4-1	4	183.6	46.16	umc2041-umc2287	-0.98					7.18
	qEW-Ch.9-1	9	54.4	16.69	umc1120-umc2134	-1.70					6.33
	qEW-J10-1	10	2.7	0.26	umc1319-bnlg1451	1.41	0.66	0.89			12.95	6.59
CW	qCW-Ch.1-1	1	35.8	22.79	umc2224-bnlg1484	1.09		0.86			10.20	8.12
	qCW-Ch.2-1	2	23.0	2.71	umc1555-umc1024	0.30					4.98
	qCW-J2-1	2	87.5	4.40	bnlg1520-umc1736	-1.37		-0.79	-0.65		9.03	6.84
	qCW-Ch.4-1	4	179.9	46.16	umc2041-umc2287	0.24					6.16
	qCW-Ch.9-1	9	67.3	23.41	umc1120-umc2346	-1.58					8.54
GW	qGW-J1-1	1	114.2	5.03	phi308707-umc1847	-1.20	-0.64	-0.37	0.45		8.14	5.01
	qGW-J2-1	2	10.5	0.39	umc2363-umc2403	-0.53					4.85
	qGW-J2-2	2	101.8	0.24	bnlg1520-umc1736	-1.55		-0.86	-0.40	-0.71	9.31	6.86
	qGW-Ch.4-1	4	181.9	1.32	umc2041-umc2287	-1.31					8.32
	qGW-Ch.8-1	8	44.2	0.01	bnlg1863-umc2075	-0.35		-0.26		-0.17	2.79	1.24
KW	qKW-Ch.1-2	1	114.2	5.03	phi308707-umc1847	-1.06	-0.63	-0.20	-0.48		8.02	2.87
	qKW-Ch.4-1	4	181.0	4.16	umc2041-umc2287	-1.28					8.17
	qKW-J6-1	6	94.9	20.76	bnlg2191-mmc0523	0.72					5.48
	qKW-Ch.6-1	6	119.7	11.12	umc2040-bnlg1174a	0.41					3.56
性状Trait	QTL	Chr.	QTL位置 QTL position			A	AE1/ AE5	AE2/ AE6	AE3/ AE7	AE4/ AE8	h²_A(%)	h²_AE(%)
性状Trait	QTL	Chr.	cM	Mb	标记区间 Marker interval	A	AE1/ AE5	AE2/ AE6	AE3/ AE7	AE4/ AE8	h²_A(%)	h²_AE(%)
KR	qKR-Ch.1-1	1	40.7	1.56	bnlg1484-umc1917	1.11					11.69
	qKR-J1-1	1	95.4	2.30	bnlg1025-mmc0041	0.60			0.37		5.30	2.73
	qKR-Ch.6-1	6	119.8	0.03	umc2040-bnlg1174a	0.47					3.51
	qKR-Ch.7-1	7	110.5	1.01	umc1708-umc1768	0.65					5.37
	qKR-J8-1	8	88.3	0.54	umc2356-umc1607	0.84	0.26	0.43		-0.31	8.14	2.20
EL	qEL-Ch.9-1	9	66.5	23.41	umc1120-umc2346	0.64					5.36
	qEL-Ch.10-1	10	50.1	2.85	umc1345-umc2016	0.82					6.49
CT_POP群体 CT_POP population
EW	qEW-Ch.1-1	1	138.4	17.57	bnlg1025-mmc0041	-0.90					5.06
	qEW-J2-1	2	124.3	4.40	bnlg1520-umc1736	-1.76			-0.88	-0.74	10.93	6.00
	qEW-Ch.5-1	5	236.0	2.96	umc2216-umc1072	1.03					4.71
	qEW-Ch.6-1	6	81.3	22.97	mmc0523-umc2141	-0.77					4.84
	qEW-J8-1	8	8.8	4.96	umc1327-bnlg1194	1.19		0.95			4.90	4.63
	qEW-J10-1	10	4.9	0.26	umc1319-bnlg1451	1.01		0.81	0.58	0.66	10.25	7.11
CW	qCW-Ch.1-1	1	27.1	22.79	umc2224-bnlg1484	1.10		0.73		0.58	6.49	4.57
	qCW-J1-1	1	159.0	19.78	phi308707-umc2289	1.13	-0.79	-0.43	0.68		5.40	4.34
	qCW-J5-1	5	113.8	15.76	umc1226-umc1815	-0.88			-0.54		4.92	3.59
	qCW-Ch.8-1	8	107.0	32.89	umc2218-umc2356	-1.20					7.93
	qCW-Ch.9-1	9	51.8	16.69	umc1120-umc2134	-1.82					9.29
	qCW-J10-1	10	3.3	0.26	umc1319-bnlg1451	1.07	0.55				6.05	4.18
GW	qGW-J1-1	1	154.9	17.51	mmc0041-phi308707	-2.03	-0.84	-0.66	-0.41	-0.68	11.07	5.50
	qGW-J2-1	2	38.6	2.01	umc2363-umc1024	-0.88					7.31
	qGW-J2-2	2	127.1	0.24	bnlg1520-umc1736	-1.63	-0.89	-0.41	-0.64	-0.50	9.95	4.19
	qGW-Ch.4-1	4	120.3	0.66	umc2041-umc2188	-1.77					10.14
	qGW-J6-1	6	97.4	0.03	umc2040-bnlg1174a	-1.05					8.96
	qGW-J8-1	8	40.7	0.01	bnlg1863-umc2075	-0.84	-0.36	-0.52			7.20	4.47
KW	qCW-J1-1	1	155.0	17.51	mmc0041-phi308707	-0.78	-0.58				7.10	6.03
	qKW-Ch.4-1	4	`120.5	0.66	umc2041-umc2188	-1.02					8.95
	qKW-Ch.6-1	6	81.0	22.97	mmc0523-umc2141	0.44					4.06
KR	qKR-J1-1	1	139.3	2.30	bnlg1025-mmc0041	0.51	0.26	0.39			4.15	2.93
	qKR-J6-1	6	88.1	0.17	umc2141-umc2040	0.58					4.20
	qKR-J7-1	7	118.0	1.01	umc1708-umc1768	0.73					6.12
	qKR-Ch.8-1	8	114.9	1.96	umc2356-phi233376	0.62	0.37	0.18			5.04	2.11
EL	qEL-J1-1	1	154.6	17.51	mmc0041-phi308707	-0.79	-0.66				7.04	6.18
	qEL-Ch.4-1	4	120.3	0.66	umc2041-umc2188	-1.32					9.16
	qEL-Ch.10-1	10	142.6	0.75	bnlg1839-umc1249	0.36					3.41

Table 4

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Epistatic and QTL × environment interaction effects for ear related traits in two maize (Zea mays) populations under eight watering environments

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