不同土壤强化处理对连作太子参生长发育的影响及其效果评价

doi:10.3724/SP.J.1006.2023.24155

Abstract

Abstract:

Continuous monoculture problems of medicinal plants are threatening the supply and quality safety of the source products in intensive traditional Chinese medicine agricultural practice. Therefore, it is of great ecological and economic significance to intensively explore the ecological restoration of conducive-disease soil. Radix pseudostellariae is a tuberous Chinese medicine that suffers from serious continuous cropping impediments under intensive cultivation. In this study, to evaluate the effects of different treatments on alleviating the continuous cropping obstacle of R. pseudostellariae and uncover the mechanism from the perspective of soil micro-ecological environment, four different soil intensification treatments including tuber reserved, fallow, flooding and rice rotation were set between two crops of R. pseudostellariae, and dynamically detected the changes of photosynthesis, stress-resistance physiology, and dry matter translocation.The results showed that, compared with fallow treatment, rice rotation treatment significantly slowed down the downtrend of soil pH, and the organic matter content in soil. The abundance of beneficial microorganisms and nitrogen cycling genes in the rhizosphere of R. pseudostellariae was increased while the pathogenic microorganisms decreased when rotated with rice in comparison with the fallow regime. This in turn led to significantly increased net photosynthetic rate and improved process of dry matter translocation of R. pseudostellariae under rice rotation treatment, indicating that the yield of R. pseudostellariae and the contents of polysaccharides and total saponins were significantly increased by 19.5%, 22.9%, and 5.8%, respectively. The improved grey T’s correlation degree analysis showed that soil pH, soil organic matter content, the abundance of specific microorganisms, the abundance of nitrogen cycling genes, the photosynthetic rate and antioxidant enzyme system in leaves of R. pseudostellariae were highly correlated with the yield of tuberous roots (Absolute correlation degree >0.6). In addition, the physiological parameters of R. pseudostellariae reflecting the growth status and the improvement of soil environment in middle and pre-phases of tuberous root greatly contributed to high-yielding formation of the medicinal plants when rotated with rice crop. Therefore, the seedling stage, early and middle tuberous root expansion stages of R. pseudostellariae were critical to alleviate the continuous cropping obstacles of R. pseudostellariae. This study also suggested that rice exudates and its residual bio-degradants entering soil ecosystem were conducive to accelerating the reconstruction of specific microflora, alleviating soil acidification, and improving nutrition sequestration after rice rotation treatment, thus resulting in the decreased environmental stress intensity, improved energy and nutrition metabolism, and optimized dry matter allocation in the growth and development prophase, consequently improved yield and quality of the medicinal plants. These results provided a theoretical basis for the ecological remediation of continuous cropping obstacles and the construction of the pivotal technology system in ecological sustainable cultivation practice.

Key words: ecological intensification, continuous cropping obstacles, Radix pseudostellariae, rice rotation, grey correlation analysis

CHEN Ting, JIAO Yan-Yang, ZHOU Xin-Ye, WU Lin-Kun, ZHANG Zhong-Yi, LIN Yu, LIN Sheng, LIN Wen-Xiong. Effects of different soil intensification treatments on growth and development of Radix pseudostellariae in continuous cropping system[J].Acta Agronomica Sinica, 2023, 49(8): 2225-2239.

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处理 Treatment	缩写 Abbreviation	处理描述 Description for treatments
正茬太子参 Newly plant Radix pseudostellariae	NP	休闲新地第一次种植太子参, 作为对照处理。 Plant Radix pseudostellariae in new farmland as control.
原地留种 Remain tuberous roots in soil as storage	RP-S	前茬太子参成熟块根作为种参留存于田地中, 该地块来年用于再植太子参, 即相当于三季连作处理。 Tuberous roots of former crop Radix pseudostellariae are left in soil and planted in the next crop.
休耕 Keep soil fallow	RP-F	前茬太子参种植收获后该田块作休闲处理, 下季再种太子参。 Keep soil fallow between two crops of Radix pseudostellariae.
淹水 Submerge soil in water	RP-WF	前作太子参收获后田块作淹水处理, 下一季排水至落干后再种太子参种。 Submerge soil in water between two crop of Radix pseudostellariae, then dry it before next crop.
稻参轮作 Rotate with rice	RP-R	前作太子参收获后轮作水稻, 水稻收获后再种植太子参。 Plant rice between two crops of Radix pseudostellariae.

项目 Item	引物 Primer	序列 Sequences (5°-3°)
马铃薯皮斑病菌Polyscytalum algarvense	POL-F	GCTGCGTTCTTCATCGATG
马铃薯皮斑病菌Polyscytalum algarvense	POL-R	ACATACCTGTTGCCTCGGC
尖孢镰刀菌Fusarium oxysporum	ITS1-F	CTTGGTCATTTAGAGGAAGTAA
尖孢镰刀菌Fusarium oxysporum	AFP308R	CGAATTAACGCGAGTCCCAA
菠萝泛菌Pantoea ananatis	PANT-F	GAGGTCGCTTCTCTTTGTATGC
菠萝泛菌Pantoea ananatis	PANT-R	GCTCGTGTTGTGAAATGTTGG
梅奇酵母属Metschnikowia	MET-F	TAACAAGGTTTCCGTAGGTGA
梅奇酵母属Metschnikowia	MET-R	ATTCGCTGCGTTCTTCATC
灰腐质霉Humicola grisea	HUM-F	CGATGCCAGAACCAAGAGA
灰腐质霉Humicola grisea	HUM-R	CCAAACCATTGTGAACATACCT
哈茨木霉Trichoderma harzianum	ITS1 S	TACAACTCCCAAACCCAATGTGA
哈茨木霉Trichoderma harzianum	ITS1 R	CCGTTGTTGAAAGTTTTGATTCATTT
伯克氏菌属Burkholderia	Burk3	CTGCGAAAGCCGGAT
伯克氏菌属Burkholderia	Burk R	TGCCATACTCTAGCYYGC
假单胞菌属Pseudomonas	Ps-for	GGTCTGAGAGGATGATCAGT
芽孢杆菌属Bacillus	Bac F	GGGAAACCGGGGCTAATACCGGAT
芽孢杆菌属Bacillus	R1378	CGGTGTGTACAAGGCCCGGGAACG
AOA	19F	ATGGTCTGGCTWAGACG
	CrenamoA616r48x	GCCATCCABCKRTANGTCCA
AOB	amoA-1F	CCCCTCKGSAAAGCCTTCTTC
	amoA-2R	AAAGGYGGWATCGGYAARTCCACCAC
nifH	nifH-F	AAAGGYGGWATCGGYAARTCCACCAC
	nifH-R	TTGTTSGCSGCRTACATSGCCATCAT
narG	narG1960m2F	TAYGTSGGGCAGGARAAACTG
	narG2050m2R	CGTAGAAGAAGCTGGTGCTGTT
nirK	nirK876	ATYGGCGGVCAYGGCGA
	nirK1040	GCCTCGATCAGRTTRTGGTT
nirS	nirSCd3aFm	AACGYSAAGGARACSGG
	nirSR3cdm	GASTTCGGRTGSGTCTTSAYGAA
nosZ	nosZ2F	CGCRACGGCAASAAGGTSMSSGT
	nosZ2R	CAKRTGCAKSGCRTGGCAGAA

处理 Treatment	2020年产量 Yield of the first year (kg hm^-2)	2021年产量 Yield of the second year (kg hm^-2)	多糖含量 Content of polysaccharide (mg g^-1)	总皂苷含量 Content of total saponin (mg g^-1)
NP	3850.69±83.37 a	3771.84±32.92 a	15.15±0.65 a	0.86±0.02 a
RP-S	1010.81±144.40 d	600.64±19.20 c	10.78±0.16 d	0.72±0.02 d
RP-F	2069.74±166.74 c	1230.38±42.56 b	11.53±0.28 d	0.82±0.02 bc
RP-WF	2214.14±83.37 c	1798.67±71.10 a	13.10±0.01 c	0.83±0.01 ab
RP-R	2644.99±79.296 b	1906.13±34.00 a	14.16±0.24 b	0.87±0.01 a

处理 Treatment	叶片净光合速率Leaf net photosynthetic rate (μmol CO₂ m^-2 s^-1)
处理 Treatment	块根膨大前期EE	块根膨大中期ME	块根膨大后期LE
NP	11.5±0.2 a	10.9±0.1 a	9.2±0.1 a
RP-S	7.5±0.1 d	6.2±0.1 e	4.1±0.2 e
RP-F	8.4±0.4 c	8.7±0.1 d	5.9±0.2 d
RP-WF	8.4±0.1 c	9.1±0.1 c	6.8±0.1 c
RP-R	9.6±0.3 b	9.7±0.1 b	7.0±0.1 b

Effects of different soil intensification treatments on growth and development of Radix pseudostellariae in continuous cropping system

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