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Effects of major geographic and climatic factors on agronomic traits and quality of peanut in the main production areas of northern China

JIANG Xiao1,ZHAO Jian-Xin1,2,BI Jing-Nan1,XU Jing1,YIN Xiang-Zhen1,ZHAO Xu-Hong1,PAN Li-Juan1,CHEN Na1,Ma Jun-Qing1,HAN Peng3,YANG Zhen1,*,CHI Xiao-Yuan1,*   

  1. 1 Shandong Peanut Research Institute, Qingdao 266100, Shandong, China;2 College of Biological Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, Shandong, China;3 Hebei Agricultural Technology Extension Station, Shijiazhuang 050000, Hebei, China
  • Published:2025-06-26
  • Supported by:
    This study was supported by the Key Research and Development Program of Shandong Province, China (2024LZGC035), the Natural Science Fund of Shangdong Province (ZR2023QC146, ZR2023QC177), the Taishan Scholars Program (NO.tstp20240523, NO.tsqn202312292), the China Agriculture Research System of MOF and MARA (CARS-13), the Open Project of Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs (KF2024007), the Major Scientific and Technological Project in Xinjiang (2022A02008-3), the Key Research and Development Plan of Shandong Province (Action Plan to Boost Scientific and Technological Innovation in Rural Revitalization) (2022TZXD0031), the Innovation Project of SAAS (CXGC2023F20, CXGC2024F20), and the Key Laboratory of Digital Upland Crops of Zhejiang Province (2022E10012).

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Abstract:

Peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) is a widely cultivated cash and oilseed crop. Geographical and meteorological conditions, as key environmental factors, play a critical role in determining peanut yield, agronomic performance, and quality traits. To investigate the relationship between peanut traits and environmental variables, we evaluated 37 large-seed and 25 small-seed peanut genotypes using environmental data from 23 geographic and meteorological indicators across major production regions in China in 2020. Significant genotype-by-environment interactions were observed for all 11 traits assessed. Specifically, peanut yield showed a negative correlation with increasing altitude and latitude, and a positive correlation with accumulated temperature. All-growth-stage precipitation played significant role in agronomic traits. Protein content increased with longer sunshine duration. Oil content was significantly and positively associated with accumulated temperature (≥10?°C) during the entire growth period, average precipitation, and average diurnal temperature range. Sucrose content also exhibited a positive correlation with average diurnal temperature variation. Notably, genotype was identified as the primary factor influencing oleic and linoleic acid contents. These findings provide valuable insights for regional adaptation and zoning of peanut varieties in northern China and offer practical guidance for improving peanut yield and quality.

Key words: Arachis hypogea L., yield, agronomic traits, quality traits, environmental factors

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