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Effects of spraying exogenous substances at seedling stage on cold resistance and yield of late-seeded rapeseed during overwintering

YANG Shu-Ting1, HE Sheng-Hao2, ZHAO Bi-Yun2, HE Jia2, LIU Jing1, YANG Meng-Yao1, CHEN Ai-Wu3, WANG Jing1, ZHAO Jie1, KUAI Jie1, WANG Bo1, XU Zheng-Hua1,*, ZHOU Guang-Sheng1   

  1. 1 College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University / Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System for the Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Wuhan 430070, Hubei, China; 2 Jingmen Meteorological Bureau, Jingmen 448000, Hubei, China; 3 Hubei Rapeseed Office, Wuhan 430070, Hubei, China
  • Received:2025-01-06 Revised:2025-07-09 Accepted:2025-07-09
  • Contact: 徐正华, E-mail: xzh@mail.hzau.edu.cn E-mail:YST@webmail.hzau.edu.cn
  • Supported by:
    This study was supported by the Key Research and Development Program of Hubei Province (2023BBB028), the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (2023ZKPY007) and the Hubei Provincial Project (HBZY2023B001-01).

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Abstract:

The rice–rice–rapeseed rotation is one of the predominant cropping systems in the Yangtze River Basin. However, competition among late-season rice, ratoon rice, and rapeseed often delays the sowing of rapeseed. This postponement reduces the effective accumulated temperature before winter, resulting in fewer leaves, limited dry matter accumulation, and weakened lodging resistance, ultimately leading to low and unstable seed yields. The foliar application of exogenous substances is a rapid, efficient, and labor-saving agronomic strategy that can enhance lodging resistance and improve yield in rapeseed. In this study, the cultivar Huayouza 137 was used as the experimental material. Five types of exogenous substances were applied at the seedling stage (four-leaf stage) in varying concentrations: triacontanol (0.5, 1.0, 1.5 mg L?1; A1, A2, A3), gibberellin (10, 20, 40 mg L?1; B1, B2, B3), compound sodium nitrophenolate (10, 20, 30 mg L?1; C1, C2, C3), 6-benzyladenine (10, 20, 30 mg L?1; D1, D2, D3), and uniconazole (12.5, 25, 50 mg L?1; E1, E2, E3). Water treatment was used as the control (CK). Yield and its components, lodging-related traits, reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation, and antioxidant enzyme activities during the overwintering period were evaluated. The results indicated the following: (1) Based on two years of data on yield, agronomic traits, and cold resistance indicators, the exogenous treatments that significantly enhanced cold tolerance, lodging resistance, and yield in delayed-sowing rapeseed were 30 mg L?1 compound sodium nitrophenolate, 30 mg L?1 6-benzyladenine, 40 mg L?1 gibberellin, and 1.0 mg L?1 triacontanol. Among these, 30 mg L?1 compound sodium nitrophenolate consistently produced the highest yield in both years, increasing by 14.4% and 12.9% compared to the control. Treatments with 30 mg L?1 compound sodium nitrophenolate, 30 mg L?1 6-benzyladenine, and 40 mg L?1 gibberellin significantly increased leaf area per plant at the seedling, budding, and flowering stages, and improved dry matter accumulation at each stage. (2) Application of 1.0 mg L?1 triacontanol and 30 mg L?1 6-benzyladenine significantly enhanced stem strength, reduced lodging angle, and improved lodging resistance in delayed-sowing rapeseed. (3) Treatments with 1.0 mg L?1 triacontanol, 40 mg L?1 gibberellin, and 30 mg L?1 compound sodium nitrophenolate significantly increased soluble sugar content in overwintering leaves, enhanced antioxidant enzyme activity, and reduced ROS levels and malondialdehyde content, thereby improving cold tolerance during winter. This study provides a technical basis for enhancing stress resistance and ensuring stable yields of delayed-sowing rapeseed in the Yangtze River Basin.

Key words: rapeseed, late-seeded, foliar spraying, exogenous substances, yield, cold resistance

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