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Effects of combined straw returning and microbial inoculant application on carbon­nitrogen metabolism in flag leaves and yield formation in winter wheat

CHEN Ru-Xue1,**,SUN Li-Fang1,4,**,ZHANG Xin-Yuan1,MU Hai-Meng1,ZHANG Yong-Xin1,YUAN Li-Xue1,PENG Shi-Le1,WANG Zhuang-Zhuang3,WANG Yong-Hua1,2,*   

  1. 1 College of Agronomy, Henan Agricultural University / National Engineering Research Centre for Wheat, Zhengzhou 450046, Henan, China; 2 State Key Laboratory of High-Efficiency Production of Wheat-Maize Double Cropping, Zhengzhou 450046, Henan, China; 3 College of Resources and Environment, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, Henan, China; 4 Henan Maixiangfeng Agricultural Science and Technology Co., Ltd., Mengzhou 454750, Henan, China
  • Received:2025-01-13 Revised:2025-04-25 Accepted:2025-04-25 Published:2025-05-13
  • Supported by:
    This study was supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China (2023YFD2300204) and the China Agriculture Research System of MOF and MARA (CARS-03).

Abstract:

The study investigated the effects of combined application of straw returning and microbial inoculants on carbon-nitrogen metabolism, dry matter accumulation, and grain yield in winter wheat, aiming to elucidate their regulatory mechanisms on yield formation and provide technical support for green high-yield cultivation. A two-year (2021–2023) comparative experiment with four treatments was conducted: micro-tiller rotary burial for straw returning (T1), T1 combined with commercial microbial inoculants (T2), T1 combined with a fungi-bacteria complex inoculant (containing Brevibacillus laterosporus WPL-3, Aspergillus niger BLH-22, and Trichoderma harzianum GZX-3) (T3), and no straw returning (CK). The key findings were: All straw-returning treatments improved yield components, with T3 showing the highest average yield (5.47%, 10.41%, and 15.27% higher than T2, T1, and CK, respectively) and significantly superior spike grain number and 1,000-grain weight over CK and T1. Compared to CK and T1, T3 significantly enhanced key enzyme activities (sucrose phosphate synthase [SPS], sucrose synthase [SS], nitrate reductase [NR], glutamine synthetase [GS]) during flowering and post-flowering stages, alongside increased total dry matter accumulation and grain weight at maturity. Mechanistically, T3 achieved synergistic effects through Trichoderma harzianum-Brevibacillus laterosporus co-regulation, accelerating straw decomposition, elevating carbon-nitrogen metabolic enzyme activities (showing an increasing trend compared to T2, though not statistically significant), optimizing “source-flow-sink” dynamics, strengthening grain filling material basis, and improving post-flowering dry matter translocation efficiency by 18.4% (a 3.1-percentage-points increase compared to T2). Collectively, these effects contributed to a 5.47% significant yield increase over T2. Therefore, compared with the commercial inoculant treatment (T2), T3 (straw returning combined with fungi-bacteria complex inoculant) is recommended as a reliable technical solution for green and high-yield winter wheat cultivation in the southern Huang-Huai region.

Key words: straw returning, dry matter production, carbon and nitrogen metabolism, yield formation, winter wheat, microbial inoculants

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