免耕轮作对减氮小麦产量下降的补偿效果

doi:10.3724/SP.J.1006.2025.41078

Abstract

Abstract:

To address the challenges of continuous wheat cropping and excessive use of nitrogen fertilizer in the Hexi Oasis irrigation area, this study evaluated the effects of crop rotation combined with no-tillage on the yield and biomass of wheat under reduced nitrogen application. The goal was to provide a basis for optimizing wheat cultivation management. From 2022 to 2023, a split-plot experiment was conducted with three planting systems as the main plots: no-till rotational wheat (NTRW), tilled rotational wheat (CTRW), and tilled continuous wheat (CTCW). Two nitrogen application rates were assigned as subplots: 225 kg hm^-² (convention, N1) and 180 kg hm^-² (20% reduction, N2). The study focused on the effects of the preceding maize crop and treatments (no-tillage stubble, plowing) on dry matter accumulation, yield, and yield components of wheat under reduced nitrogen conditions. The results showed that crop rotation significantly increased grain yield and biomass compared to continuous cropping, and rotation effectively compensated for the yield reduction caused by nitrogen reduction. This compensatory effect was further enhanced when combined with no-tillage. Specifically, compared to CTCW, grain yield and biomass increased by 31.7% and 15.3% under NTRW and by 17.3% and 10.3% under CTRW, respectively. A 20% reduction in nitrogen application resulted in decreases in grain yield and biomass by 6.2% and 3.7%, respectively. However, the biomass of CTRWN2 was 4.6% higher than that of CTCWN1, with no significant difference in grain yield. Moreover, NTRWN2 achieved 21.9% and 11.6% higher grain yield and biomass, respectively, compared to CTCWN1. Compared to CTCW, the CGR of NTRW and CTRW during the booting to maturity stages increased by 22.4% and 13.6%, while V_meanacross the entire growth periodincreased by 15.0% and 10.2%, respectively. A 20% nitrogen reduction caused CGR and V_mean to decrease by 3.8% and 3.6%, respectively. However, CTRWN2 exhibited 6.3% and 4.5% higher CGR and V_mean compared to CTCWN1, while NTRWN2 showed 19.3% and 11.6% higher CGR and V_mean, respectively, than CTCWN1. Compared to CTCW, kernel number per spike increased by 12.0% under NTRW and by 4.7% under CTRW, harvest index increased by 14.4% and 6.5%, and spike number increased by 5.0% and 8.0%, respectively. A 20% reduction in nitrogen resulted in decreases of 2.5%, 2.9%, and 2.3% in kernel number per spike, harvest index, and spike number, respectively. However, CTRWN2 exhibited a 4.3% higher spike number than CTCWN1, with no significant differences in kernel number per spike or harvest index. NTRWN2 achieved 10.3% and 9.3% higher kernel number per spike and harvest index, respectively, compared to CTCWN1, with no significant difference in spike number. In conclusion, no-tillage rotational wheat combined with a nitrogen application rate of 180 kg ha^-¹ is an effective, nitrogen-saving strategy for enhancing wheat yield in the Hexi Oasis irrigation area. This approach is suitable for widespread adoption and utilization in the region.

Key words: nitrogen fertilizer reduction, no-tillage, rotation, compensation, yield

WU Bin, CAO Yong-Gang, HU Fa-Long, YIN Wen, FAN Zhi-Long, FAN Hong, CHAI Qiang. Compensation effect of no-tillage rotation on yield reduction of nitrogen-reduced wheat[J].Acta Agronomica Sinica, 2025, 51(7): 1959-1968.

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Dong M, Zhang Q, Wang Y, Wang S L, Feng G Y, Liang Q L, Qi H, Zhao G Y. Broadband crop rotation of cotton-grain-rape improved crop yield and light utilization efficiency. Chin J Eco-Agric, 2024, 32: 1159–1169 (in Chinese with English abstract).

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Compensation effect of no-tillage rotation on yield reduction of nitrogen-reduced wheat

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