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Advances and prospects of high-yield peanut cultivation in China

WAN Shu-Bo*,ZHANG Jia-Lei,GAO Hua-Xin,WANG Cai-Bin   

  1. Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan 250100, Shandong, China
  • Received:2025-02-25 Revised:2025-05-07 Accepted:2025-05-07 Published:2025-05-13
  • Supported by:
    This study was supported by the National Key Research and Development Program (2024YFD2301000), the Key Research and Development Program of Shandong Province (ZFJH202310, 2024CXGC010902), the China Agriculture Research System of MOF and MARA (CARS-13), and the Taishan Scholar Program (tsqn202211275, tspd20221107).

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Abstract:

Continuously increasing peanut yield remains a key priority for crop cultivation in China, given the national context of a large population and limited arable land. Since the founding of the People's Republic of China, significant advancements have been made in the research and application of high-yield cultivation technologies for peanut, laying the foundation for a distinctive Chinese system of high-yield peanut cultivation and substantially improving national production levels. In this report, we review and summarize the historical development and practical experience of peanut high-yield cultivation in China, analyze its potential for further yield improvement, and discuss possible strategies to enhance both research innovation and overall production capacity. In the early 1970s, peanut yields surpassed 6000 kg hm?2 through the application of nitrogen and phosphorus fertilization, which had a notable impact on yield. By the late 1970s, yields reached 7500 kg hm?2 with the adoption of key practices such as chemical regulation, plastic film mulching, and balanced fertilization with nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium. During the 1990s, yields exceeded 9000 kg hm?2 through technologies aimed at controlling excessive vegetative growth and implementing quantified fertilization. In the early 2000s, the introduction of single-seed precision sowing further boosted yields to a peak of 11,250 kg hm?2. Most recently, in 2023, a national record yield of 12,982 kg hm?2 was achieved by implementing an integrated high-yield cultivation system, which focused on single-seed precision sowing and supported by whole-process controlled fertilization, the “three preventions and three promotions” group regulation strategy, and microbial synergistic technologies. Despite these achievements, it is estimated that there remains considerable potential for promoting actual peanut production, and the development of high-yielding varieties, full exploitation of soil productivity, and the construction of high-quality plant populations are expected to be the primary pathways for further yield improvement.

Key words: peanut, high-yield, cultivation, research progress, prospect

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