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• REVIEW •    

Research on mechanism of cold resistance of rapeseed 

Chen Bi-Cong1,Wei Jia-Ping1,Zheng Guo-Qiang1,Yan Yao-Ting2,Liu Zi-Gang1,*   

  1. 1 State Key Laboratory of Aridland Crop Science, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, Gansu, China; 2 Qingyang Agricultural Technology Center, Qingyang 745000, Gansu, China
  • Received:2026-02-10 Revised:2026-07-20 Accepted:2026-07-20 Published:2026-07-21
  • Supported by:
    This study was supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China (2024YFD1200400), the National Natural Science Foundation of China (32360520), the Gansu Seed Industry Key Research Project (ZYGG-2026-15), the Key Program of the Natural Science Foundation of Gansu Province (23JRRA1408), the Gansu Modern Cold and Arid Characteristic Agricultural Industry Technology System (GSARS09), the Nyingchi Science and Technology Program (LZZX-04), and the Modern Biological Breeding Program of Gansu Academy of Agricultural Sciences (2023GAAS10). 

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Abstract: Rapeseed (Brassica napus L.) is one of the most important oilseed crops in China. Low-temperature stress is a major environmental factor limiting its productivity and geographical distribution and frequently causes significant reductions in yield and quality, resulting in considerable economic losses. This review evaluates the morphological, photosynthetic and physiological biochemical indicators of rapeseed’s cold tolerance, and systematically summarized the research progress on the cold tolerance mechanism of rapeseed, including aspects such as low-temperature signal perception, signal transduction, and the regulation of cold-response gene expression. Cold-tolerant rapeseed employs multiple defense mechanisms to cope with low-temperature stress. Efficient antioxidant systems help eliminate excessive reactive oxygen species (ROS), thereby reducing membrane lipid peroxidation and maintaining membrane stability. In addition, cold stress activates the ICE1-CBF-COR signaling pathway, in which CBF/DREB transcription factors induce the expression of downstream COR genes, leading to enhanced photosynthetic performance and antioxidant capacity. Moreover, the MAPK signaling cascade and stress-responsive genes, such as glutathione S-transferases (GSTs) related gene, play important roles in the regulation of cold adaptation. Collectively, these findings provide valuable insights into the molecular basis of cold tolerance in rapeseed and offer a theoretical foundation for the identification and utilization of elite cold-tolerant germplasm resources, the breeding of cold-resistant cultivars, and the development of effective frost-protection strategies.

Key words: rapeseed, low temperature stress, signal transduction, molecular mechanism, cold-resistant related genes

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