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Acta Agron Sin ›› 2017, Vol. 43 ›› Issue (05): 631-639.

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Key Technologies for Light and Simplified Cultivation of Cotton and Their Eco-physiological Mechanisms

DONG He-Zhong1,*,YANG Guo-Zheng2,LI Ya-Bing3,TIAN Li-Wen4,DAI Jian-Long1,KONG Xiang-Qiang1   

  1. 1 Cotton Research Center, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences / Key Laboratory for Cotton Genetic Improvement and Cultivation Physiology in Huanghuaihai, Jinan 250100, China; 2 College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; 3Cotton Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang 455000, China; 4Research Institute for Cash Crops, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Urumqi 830091, China
  • Received:2016-11-09 Revised:2017-03-02 Online:2017-05-12 Published:2017-03-07
  • Contact: 董合忠, E-mail: donghz@saas.ac.cn
  • Supported by:

    This study was supported by the China Agriculture Research System (CARS-18-21), the National Natural Science Foundation of China (31371573, 31271665), the Specific Key Project for Research and Development of Shandong (2015GNC110001) and Xinjiang (CXGC2016B05), and SAAS Scientific and Technological Innovation Project (CXGC2016B05).

Abstract:

Light and simplified cultivation (LSC) of cotton refers to the use of modern agricultural equipment instead of manual operation, the simplification and minimization of field management and operations, as well as the integration of agricultural machinery and agronomic technologies to reduce production costs and labor intensity during cotton farming and cultivation. The connotation, key technical contents and the related eco-physiological mechanisms of LSC are reviewed in this paper. The achievement of easy and convenient as well as cost-saving and benefit-increasing production of cotton is dependent on the key technologies of LSC, mainly including practices of precision seeding, simplified seedlings nursing and transplanting, high-efficient fertilization, water-saving irrigation and regulation of fruiting distribution and so on. The mechanism of well-established strong seedlings by individual seeding lies in the hypocotyl differential expression of hook formation genes HLS1 and COP1 as well as hypocotyl elongation genes HY5 and ARF2 during seed germination and emergence. The mechanism of the inhibited growth and development of vegetative branches by close-planting lies in differential expression of genes related to hormone synthesis in cotton plants. That of yield stability lies in the adaptive coordination among yield components, biomass, and harvest index under LSC. Optimized and concentrated fruiting in cotton plants can be realized through the establishment of a high photosynthetic efficiency population in terms of the required LAI and its dynamics, rational plant height and the ratio of seed cotton to stalks. The absorption of fertilizer N in cotton occurs mainly within 20 days after flowering and is mainly distributed to the reproductive organs with the highest use efficiency when N fertilizer applies at early flowering which provides a theoretical basis for efficient and simplified fertilization of cotton. The mechanism of water use efficiency improvement through partial root-zone irrigation (PRI) lies in the enhanced water absorption in the irrigated root side, which is regulated by the shoot-sourced jasmonic acid transported through the phloem. In order to provide a more powerful theoretical and technical support for LSC of cotton in the future, on the one hand, in-depth study is required to reveal the physiological and ecological mechanisms of LSC; on the other hand, it is necessary to further reform and optimize the cotton cropping systems, to innovate the key cultivation techniques, and to develop the corresponding agricultural equipment with better integration of agronomic technology. Improved LSC technologies will further promote the sustainable development of cotton production in China.

Key words: Cotton, Light and simplified cultivation, Eco-physiology

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