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Acta Agronomica Sinica ›› 2023, Vol. 49 ›› Issue (7): 1895-1905.doi: 10.3724/SP.J.1006.2023.21052

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• TILLAGE & CULTIVATION·PHYSIOLOGY & BIOCHEMISTRY • Previous Articles     Next Articles

Effects of different soil water content on water consumption by wheat and analysis of senescence characteristics of root and flag leaf

ZHANG Zhen1(), SHI Yu1,*(), ZHANG Yong-Li1, YU Zhen-Wen1, WANG Xi-Zhi2   

  1. 1College of Agriculture, Shandong Agricultural University / State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology / Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System, Tai’an 271018, Shandong, China
    2Jining Yanzhou Agricultural Technology Extension Center, Jining 272000, Shandong, China
  • Received:2022-07-26 Accepted:2022-11-25 Online:2023-07-12 Published:2022-12-06
  • Contact: *E-mail: shiyu@sdau.edu.cn E-mail:zhangzhenxiaomai@163.com;shiyu@sdau.edu.cn
  • Supported by:
    The National Natural Science Foundation of China(32172114);The China Agriculture Research System of MOF and MARA(CARS-03);The Special funds for Taishan Scholars Project

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Abstract:

The objective of this study is to clarify the effect of soil water content on wheat grain yield and the physiological reasons for its formation. During the winter wheat growing season from 2019 to 2021, four kinds of soil water content treatments were set under the field conditions of the wheat test station in Shijiawangzi village, Xiaomeng town, Yanzhou district, Shandong province: No-irrigation (W0), and the relative water content of the soil in the 0-40 cm soil layer was supplemented to 65% (W1), 75% (W2), and 85% (W3) at jointing and anthesis stages, and the winter wheat variety was Jimai 22. The effects of soil water content on water consumption, leaf and root senescence, and grain yield of wheat were studied. The results showed that the number of kernel number and 1000-kernel weight of W2 treatment were significantly higher than those of other treatments, and the highest grain yield and water use efficiency were obtained. Compared with W0, W1, and W3, the grain yield was 48.49%, 20.80%, 8.68% (2019-2020) and 46.87%, 17.36%, 7.53% (2020-2021), respectively. The water use efficiency was 21.70%, 14.25%, 15.59% (2019-2020) and 25.44%, 11.90%, 13.39% (2020-2021), respectively. Compared with the other treatments, root length density in the 40-100 cm soil layer, superoxide dismutase activity and root activity in the 40-60 cm soil layer in W2 treatment were significantly higher than those in other treatments after anthesis, and the content of malondialdehyde was significantly lower than those in other treatments. After anthesis, the superoxide dismutase activity of flag leaves in W2 treatment was significantly higher than that in W0 and W1 treatments, but there was no significant difference in W3 treatment, and the content of malondialdehyde was significantly lower than that in W0 and W1 treatments, but there was no significant difference in W3 treatment. W2 treatment increased significantly water consumption, daily water consumption, water consumption model coefficient, and soil water storage consumption in the 40-120 cm soil layer from anthesis to maturity. In conclusion, the appropriate soil moisture content could promote root growth, delay plant aging, and then improve the absorption and utilization of deep soil moisture, ensure the supply of water during grain filling, and improve significantly grain yield in wheat. Under the conditions of this experiment, the effect of W2 treatment was the best when the relative water content of 0-40 cm soil layer was increased by 75% at the jointing and anthesis stages in wheat.

Key words: wheat, water consumption characteristics, senescence characteristics, grain yield

Table 1

Wheat grain yield, yield components, and water use efficiency under different treatments"

年份
Year		 处理
Treatment		 穗数
Spike number
(×104 hm-2)		 穗粒数
Kernel number		 千粒重
1000-kernel weight
(g)		 籽粒产量
Grain yield
(kg hm-2)		 水分利用效率
Water use efficiency
(kg hm-2 mm-1)
2019-2020 W0 543.23±19.13 c 32.62±0.77 c 37.26±0.66 c 6285.82±459.86 d 16.27±0.34 c
W1 602.40±14.50 b 33.03±0.96 c 38.47±0.98 c 7726.80±326.98 c 17.33±0.29 b
W2 642.73±16.89 a 38.39±1.06 a 44.25±0.85 a 9333.90±323.69 a 19.80±0.45 a
W3 660.61±16.54 a 34.81±0.68 b 40.56±0.78 b 8588.70±289.65 b 17.13±0.36 b
2020-2021 W0 559.74±17.89 c 33.25±1.25 c 38.61±0.68 c 7042.74±236.95 d 16.94±0.23 c
W1 617.11±17.99 b 33.66±1.22 c 39.03±0.85 c 8813.56±258.97 c 18.99±0.33 b
W2 660.76±13.69 a 40.99±1.36 a 47.65±0.95 a 10,343.60±215.98 a 21.25±0.28 a
W3 682.72±19.78 a 36.50±0.96 b 41.85±0.77 b 9619.27±321.58 b 18.74±0.29 b

Fig. 1

Root length density after anthesis under different treatments A: flowering stage in 2019 and 2020; B: 10 days after flowering in 2019 and 2020; C: 20 days after flowering in 2019 and 2020; D: flowering period in 2020 and 2021; E: 10 days after flowering in 2020 and 2021; F: 20 days after flowering in 2020 and 2021. Values followed by different lowercase letters above the bars mean significant differences at the 0.05 probability level in the same soil layer."

Fig. 2

Superoxide dismutase activity of root after anthesis under different treatments A: flowering stage in 2019 and 2020; B: 10 days after flowering in 2019 and 2020; C: 20 days after flowering in 2019 and 2020; D: flowering period in 2020 and 2021; E: 10 days after flowering in 2020 and 2021; F: 20 days after flowering in 2020 and 2021. Values followed by different lowercase letters above the bars mean significant differences at the 0.05 probability level in the same soil layer."

Fig. 3

Malondialdehyde concentration of root after anthesis under different treatments A: flowering stage in 2019 and 2020; B: 10 days after flowering in 2019 and 2020; C: 20 days after flowering in 2019 and 2020; D: flowering period in 2020 and 2021; E: 10 days after flowering in 2020 and 2021; F: 20 days after flowering in 2020 and 2021. Values followed by different lowercase letters above the bars mean significant differences at the 0.05 probability level in the same soil layer."

Fig. 4

Root TTC reduction activities under different treatments after anthesis A: flowering stage in 2019 and 2020; B: 10 days after flowering in 2019 and 2020; C: 20 days after flowering in 2019 and 2020; D: flowering period in 2020 and 2021; E: 10 days after flowering in 2020 and 2021; F: 20 days after flowering in 2020 and 2021. Values followed by different lowercase letters above the bars mean significant differences at the 0.05 probability level in the same soil layer."

Fig. 5

Superoxide dismutase activity of flag leaves after anthesis under different treatments Lowercase letters in each column indicate significant difference between different treatments at the 0.05 probability level in the same growth period."

Fig. 6

Malondialdehyde concentration of flag leaves after anthesis under different treatments Lowercase letters in each column indicate significant difference between different treatments at the 0.05 probability level in the same growth period."

Table 2

Water consumption sources and their ratio of the total water consumption amount under different treatments"

年份
Year		 处理
Treatment		 耗水来源
Water consumption sources (mm)		 总耗水量
Total water
consumption
amount (mm)		 占总耗水量的比例
Ratio of the total water consumption amount (%)
灌水量
I		 降雨量
P		 土壤贮水消耗量
SWC		 灌水量
I		 降雨量
P		 土壤贮水消耗量
SWC
2019-2020 W0 0 163 224.26±6.36 a 387.26±10.25 d 0 42.09±1.14 a 57.91±2.69 a
W1 88.97±14.56 c 163 200.78±5.69 b 452.75±8.89 c 19.61±1.06 c 36.00±1.21 b 44.35±2.58 b
W2 115.28±12.63 b 163 197.15±4.56 b 475.43±9.58 b 24.25±1.89 b 34.28±1.03 c 41.47±1.21 c
W3 150.00±15.96 a 163 187.52±5.32 c 500.52±10.59 a 29.97±1.59 a 32.57±0.96 d 37.46±2.10 d
2020-2021 W0 0 202.5 213.25±4.36 a 415.75±10.07 d 0 48.71±1.36 a 51.29±2.69 a
W1 59.56±10.26 c 202.5 201.95±3.69 b 464.01±8.26 c 12.84±1.35 c 43.64±1.68 b 43.52±1.05 b
W2 81.40±8.25 b 202.5 202.97±4.69 b 486.87±8.56 b 16.72±1.54 b 41.59±1.64 c 41.69±1.23 c
W3 119.34±11.69 a 202.5 190.56±3.59 c 513.40±9.65 a 22.66±1.14 a 39.44±1.89 d 37.90±1.84 d

Table 3

Water consumption amount, daily water consumption amount, and consumption percentage of different growth stages under different treatments"

年份
Year		 处理
Treatment		 播种-拔节期Sowing-jointing 拔节期-开花期Jointing-anthesis 开花期-成熟期Anthesis-maturity
CW
(mm)		 DW
(mm d-1)		 PW
(%)		 CW
(mm)		 DW
(mm d-1)		 PW
(%)		 CW
(mm)		 DW
(mm d-1)		 PW
(%)
2019-
2020		 W0 185.56±
4.25		 1.08±
0.05		 47.92±
1.26 a		 103.45±
496 c		 5.17±
0.23 c		 26.71±
2.46 b		 98.25±
9.68 c		 2.28±
0.65 c		 25.37±
1.69 c
W1 185.56±
4.25		 1.08±
0.05		 40.99±
1.36 b		 116.17±
3.69 b		 5.81±
0.25 b		 25.66±
1.69 b		 151.02±
11.26 b		 3.51±
0.46 b		 33.35±
1.58 b
W2 185.56±
4.25		 1.08±
0.05		 39.03±
1.65 c		 117.14±
5.51 b		 5.86±
0.19 b		 24.64±
2.18 b		 172.73±
8.46 a		 4.02±
0.23 a		 36.33±
2.36 a
W3 185.56±
4.25		 1.08±
0.04		 37.07±
0.69 d		 157.16±
6.98 a		 7.86±
0.21 a		 31.40±
2.36 a		 157.80±
8.74 b		 3.67±
0.31 b		 31.53±
2.14 b
2020-
2021		 W0 232.54±
5.26		 1.27±
0.03		 55.93±
1.23 a		 64.52±
3.25 c		 3.23±
0.29 c		 15.52±
2.96 b		 118.69±
5.42 d		 2.63±
0.15 c		 28.55±
1.84 c
W1 232.54±
5.26		 1.27±
0.03		 50.12±
1.69 b		 74.62±
2.69 b		 3.73±
0.24 b		 16.08±
3.21 b		 156.85±
4.26 c		 3.49±
0.16 b		 33.80±
2.08 b
W2 232.54±
5.26		 1.27±
0.03		 47.76±
1.24 c		 77.05±
3.65 b		 3.85±
0.26 b		 15.83±
1.98 b		 177.28±
4.89 a		 3.94±
0.24 a		 36.41±
1.69 a
W3 232.54±
5.26		 1.27±0.03 45.29±
1.34 d		 116.18±
2.85 a		 5.81±
027 a		 22.63±
2.37 a		 164.68±
3.96 b		 3.66±
0.19 b		 32.08±
1.69 b

Fig. 7

Soil water consumption amount of 0-200 cm soil layer under different treatment Lowercase letters in each row indicate significant difference between different treatments at the 0.05 probability level in the same growth period."

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