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Acta Agronomica Sinica ›› 2023, Vol. 49 ›› Issue (8): 2210-2224.doi: 10.3724/SP.J.1006.2023.21057

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• TILLAGE & CULTIVATION · PHYSIOLOGY & BIOCHEMISTRY • Previous Articles     Next Articles

Effects of exogenous trehalose on physiological characteristics and yield of wheat flag leaves under high temperature stress at grain filling stage

LI Yu-Xing(), MA Liang-Liang, ZHANG Yue, QIN Bo-Ya, ZHANG Wen-Jing, MA Shang-Yu, HUANG Zheng-Lai(), FAN Yong-Hui()   

  1. College of Agriculture, Anhui Agricultural University / Key Laboratory of Wheat Biology and Genetic Breeding in the South of Huanghe-Huaihe Rivers, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Hefei 230036, Anhui, China
  • Received:2022-08-28 Accepted:2023-02-10 Online:2023-08-12 Published:2023-02-27
  • Contact: HUANG Zheng-Lai,FAN Yong-Hui E-mail:18702289708@163.com;xdnyyjs@163.com;yonghuifan@ahau.edu.cn
  • Supported by:
    This study was supported by the Major Science and Technology Projects of Anhui Province(202003a06020014);Natural Science Foundation of Anhui Province(2008085QC118);Joint Fund Project of the National Natural Science Foundation of China(U19A2021);Scientific Research Project for Stabilizing and Introducing Talents of Anhui Agricultural University(YJ2018-38);Key Project of the Youth Fund of Anhui Agricultural University(03087060)

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Abstract:

In order to investigate the effect of exogenous trehalose (TRE) on the physiological characteristics and yield of flag leaves of wheat varieties with different tolerance under high temperature stress during grain filling period, the experiments were conducted in the high-tech agricultural park of Anhui Agricultural University from 2020 to 2022. The sensitive wheat varieties Fanmai 5 (FM5) and heat-resistant wheat varieties Huaimai 33 (HM33) with significant difference in heat resistance were selected as the experimental materials, there were five treatments of spraying water + non high temperature (CK1), water + high temperature stress (CK2), 10 mmol L-1 trehalose + high temperature stress (T10H), 15 mmol L-1 trehalose + high temperature stress (T15H), and 20 mmol L-1 trehalose + high temperature stress (T20H) on the leaf surface. The results showed that under high temperature stress conditions, compared to non-high temperature adversity, the green leaf area, chlorophyll relative content (SPAD), and dry matter accumulation were significantly decreased, wheat yield was significantly reduced, spike number, and spike grain number did not change significantly, and 1000-grain weight was the dominant factor in yield reduction. Compared to water spraying, the yield after spraying trehalose was higher than that under high temperature stress, the accumulation of dry matter in various organs was increased, the content of malondialdehyde (MDA) was decreased, the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD) and catalase (CAT) were increased, and the range of change was different among varieties. The decrease of SPAD value of heat-resistant varieties was smaller than that of malondialdehyde, but the increase of CAT activity was larger, indicating the production reduction was small. Further analysis showed that the net photosynthetic rate (Pn), stomatal conductance (Gs), transpiration rate (Tr), SPAD, SOD, and POD had an extremely significant positive correlation with 1000-grain weight, while MDA had an extremely significant negative correlation with yield. These results suggested that high temperature stress inhibited photosynthesis in wheat by reducing Pn, Gs, and Tr, decreasing photosynthetic product production and causing eventual yield reduction. Spraying TRE, Pn, Gs, Tr, SPAD, and CAT were the main indicators to reduce the injury caused by high temperature stress, and the mitigation effect of sensitive varieties was obvious. In addition, the effect of spraying 15 mmol L-1 trehalose at flowering stage was the best. The results could provide a theoretical basis for the mechanism of wheat photosynthetic response difference and wheat antioxidant metabolism under high temperature stress during trehalose filling stage.

Key words: wheat, high temperature stress, trehalose, flag leaf, yield

Table 1

Nutrient content of 0-20 cm soil in the test field before sowing"

年度
Year		 全氮
Total N
(g kg-1)		 有机质
Organic matter
(g kg-1)		 有效磷
Available phosphorous
(mg kg-1)		 碱解氮
Alkali hydrolyzed
nitrogen (mg kg-1)		 速效钾
Rapidly available potassium (mg kg-1)
2020-2021 0.89 14.21 21.51 77.15 238.11
2021-2022 1.03 13.07 18.25 64.41 203.51

Fig. 1

Average temperature inside/outside the shed (A, B) and dynamic diagram of temperature change inside/outside the shed (C, D) in 2021 and 2022"

Fig. 2

Effects of exogenous trehalose on wheat yield and its components under high temperature stress at grain filling stage CK1: spray equal amount of clean water on the leaf surface + not high temperature; CK2: spray equal amount of clean water + high temperature; T10H: spray 10 mmol L-1 trehalose + high temperature stress during filling; T15H: spray 15 mmol L-1 trehalose + high temperature stress during filling; T20H: spray 20 mmol L-1 trehalose + high temperature stress during filling. Different lowercase letters represent significant difference among different treatments in the same period (P < 0.05). FM5: Fanmai 5; HM33: Huaimai 33."

Table 2

Variance analysis of exogenous trehalose on wheat yield and yield components under high temperature stress at grain filling stage"

变异来源
Source of variation		 自由度
Degrees of freedom		 产量
Yield		 穗粒数
Kernels per ear		 千粒重
1000-kernel weight		 穗数
Harvest ear number
年份 Year (Y) 1 ** ** ns ns
品种 Hybrid (H) 1 ** ** ** ns
处理 Treatment (T) 4 ** ns ** ns
Y×H 1 ** ** ns ns
Y×T 4 ** ns ns ns
H×T 4 ** ns ** ns

Table 3

Effects of exogenous trehalose on dry matter accumulation in wheat at maturity under high temperature stress at filling stage in 2021 (×103 kg hm-2)"

品种
Hybrid		 处理
Treatment		 旗叶
Flag leaf		 余叶
Remaining leaf		 茎
Stem		 穗
Spike
HM33 CK1 0.48±0.01 a 1.55±0.05 a 8.03±0.10 a 19.15±0.37 a
CK2 0.44±0.02 a 1.22±0.02 d 6.71±0.07 d 13.21±0.14 e
T10H 0.45±0.01 a 1.35±0.01 bc 7.20±0.14 bc 15.78±0.29 c
T15H 0.46±0.01 a 1.44±0.04 b 7.51±0.13 b 16.89±0.44 b
T20H 0.45±0.01 a 1.29±0.01 cd 7.04±0.06 cd 14.51±0.09 d
FM5 CK1 0.42±0.01 a 1.05±0.02 a 7.01±0.24 ab 14.92±0.32 a
CK2 0.37±0.01 a 0.72±0.01 d 5.11±0.27 c 11.95±0.12 c
T10H 0.31±0.03 b 0.89±0.01 c 7.27±0.10 ab 12.39±0.08 bc
T15H 0.41±0.01 a 0.99±0.02 b 6.45±0.27 b 13.12±0.30 b
T20H 0.38±0.01 a 0.85±0.02 c 7.41±0.31 a 12.14±0.16 c

Table 4

Effects of exogenous trehalose on dry matter accumulation in wheat at maturity under high temperature stress at filling stage in 2021 (×103 kg hm-2)"

品种
Hybrid		 处理
Treatment		 旗叶
Flag leaf		 倒二叶
Inverted second leaf		 倒三叶
Inverted
clover		 余叶
Remaining leaves		 倒一节
Backward
section		 余节
Residual stem		 穗
Spike
HM33 CK1 0.45±0.01 ab 0.56±0.01 ab 0.52±0.01 a 0.49±0.01 a 2.68±0.08 a 5.15±0.18 a 17.90±0.63 a
CK2 0.45±0.00 ab 0.54±0.01 b 0.45±0.02 b 0.23±0.01 c 2.42±0.03 b 4.73±0.13 ab 13.05±0.25 b
T10H 0.47±0.01 a 0.58±0.02 a 0.55±0.01 a 0.27±0.02 c 2.66±0.02 a 4.24±0.24 bc 16.56±0.51 a
T15H 0.47±0.01 a 0.48±0.02 c 0.52±0.01 a 0.36±0.01 b 2.66±0.07 a 4.62±0.22 abc 16.93±0.75 a
T20H 0.43±0.00 b 0.44±0.00 c 0.54±0.01 a 0.35±0.02 b 2.42±0.01 b 4.10±0.11 c 14.57±0.15 b
FM5 CK1 0.40±0.00 a 0.45±0.05 ab 0.31±0.01 a 0.21±0.01 a 2.34±0.08 a 5.48±0.42 a 14.10±0.55 a
CK2 0.35±0.02 a 0.46±0.01 a 0.20±0.01 b 0.02±0.00 c 2.03±0.05 b 4.06±0.46 a 11.67±0.20 b
T10H 0.39±0.05 a 0.38±0.00 bc 0.32±0.01 a 0.24±0.02 a 2.23±0.14 ab 4.81±0.17 a 11.77±0.14 b
T15H 0.43±0.02 a 0.45±0.01 ab 0.33±0.02 a 0.13±0.01 b 2.21±0.01 ab 4.53±0.39 a 12.65±0.52 b
T20H 0.39±0.02 a 0.34±0.01 c 0.30±0.06 a 0.11±0.01 b 2.02±0.12 b 4.77±0.48 a 11.74±0.28 b

Table 5

Exogenous trehalose decreased the change rate of dry matter accumulation in various organs of wheat under high temperature stress at filling stage in 2021 (%)"

品种
Hybrid		 处理
Treatment		 全株总叶片
Total leaves of the whole plant		 旗叶
Flag leaf		 余叶
Remaining leaf		 茎
Stem		 穗
Spike
HM33 CK2 -18.04±2.86 a -7.84±2.07 a -21.12±3.35 a -16.45±1.43 a -19.84±2.36 a
T10H -11.13±1.88 bc -5.53±2.84 a -12.71±3.08 b -10.33±2.87 bc -16.94±1.20 a
T15H -6.43±1.74 c -4.12±3.78 a -7.05±1.68 c -6.58±0.98 c -11.91±3.67 b
T20H -14.67±1.87 ab -6.43±4.22 a -17.07±2.67 ab -12.38±1.60 ab -18.59±1.48 a
FM5 CK2 -26.02±1.15 a -17.57±4.80 a -31.23±1.41 a -27.19±1.32 a -31.00±0.99 a
T10H -18.53±1.56 b -12.80±3.25 ab -14.97±2.06 b -6.01±6.48 b -24.18±1.32 b
T15H -5.02±1.44 c -2.92±5.50 b -5.68±2.65 c -4.02±4.45 b -11.85±0.64 d
T20H -16.15±1.61 b -9.21±5.56 b -18.72±3.20 b -7.53±6.88 b -17.59±1.62 c

Table 6

Exogenous trehalose decreased the change rate of dry matter accumulation in various organs of wheat under high temperature stress at filling stage in 2022 (%)"

品种
Hybrid		 处理
Treatment		 全株总叶片
Total leaves of the whole plant		 上三叶
Upper clover		 旗叶
Flag leaf		 倒二叶
Inverted second leaf		 倒三叶
Inverted clover		 余叶
Remaining leaves		 茎
Stem		 倒一节
Backward section		 余节
Residual stem		 穗
Spike
HM33 CK2 ‒17.43±0.63 a ‒6.07±0.27 a ‒7.29±1.39 a ‒21.71±9.14 a ‒13.46±1.81 a ‒23.10±2.31 a ‒16.76±1.23 a ‒9.58±2.53 a ‒8.03±4.84 a ‒16.90±4.27 a
T10H ‒7.51±1.44 c ‒4.65±2.10 a ‒4.97±1.07 a ‒4.31±0.01 b ‒4.24±3.70 b ‒15.77±2.21 b ‒8.69±3.19 ab ‒0.77±0.26 b ‒17.87±3.21 a ‒16.33±2.81 a
T15H ‒9.75±0.86 bc ‒4.24±1.31 a ‒3.30±3.34 b ‒3.86±3.35 b ‒2.78±0.40 b ‒6.99±1.81 c ‒7.05±2.10 b ‒0.51±2.77 b ‒10.33±3.21 a ‒9.84±6.30 a
T20H ‒13.11±1.46 b ‒7.91±1.64 a ‒4.15±1.86 ab ‒14.82±3.18 ab ‒5.19±2.63 b ‒19.36±4.55 ab ‒12.01±2.11 ab ‒9.48±2.82 a ‒20.37±1.48 a ‒16.63±2.16 a
FM5 CK2 ‒24.40±0.54 a ‒12.85±1.59 a ‒14.85±5.11 a ‒22.03±1.95 a ‒16.09±4.89 a ‒28.27±1.36 a ‒22.31±2.44 a ‒13.95±3.18 a ‒26.33±3.06 a ‒26.99±2.21 a
T10H ‒13.28±3.72 bc ‒6.55±2.68 a ‒4.10±5.00 b ‒4.64±9.18 c ‒3.99±1.79 b ‒15.06±5.53 b ‒12.38±9.59 a ‒5.38±2.88 b ‒10.95±9.78 a ‒17.17±5.38 a
T15H ‒6.18±2.18 c ‒5.36±7.45 a ‒3.92±2.42 b ‒3.59±11.27 c ‒2.10±2.53 b ‒6.65±6.17 c ‒9.47±6.66 a ‒5.02±2.95 b ‒10.91±15.25 a ‒5.26±4.99 b
T20H ‒16.19±2.73 ab ‒11.01±3.08 ab ‒5.48±6.57 b ‒13.93±8.23 b ‒9.25±3.07 a ‒15.65±10.31 b ‒13.60±4.57 a ‒13.10±2.55 a ‒17.20±5.31 a ‒18.38±3.22 a

Fig. 3

Effects of exogenous trehalose on green leaf area (A, B) and relative chlorophyll content (C, D) of wheat flag leaves under high temperature stress at grain filling stage Treatments are the same as those given in Figure 2. Different lowercase letters represent significant levels among different treatments in the same period (P < 0.05). FM5: Fanmai 5; HM33: Huaimai 33."

Fig. 4

Effects of exogenous trehalose on net photosynthetic rate (A, B), stomatal conductance (C, D), and transpiration rate (E, F) of wheat flag leaves under high temperature stress at grain filling stage Treatments are the same as those given in Fig. 2. Different lowercase letters represent significant difference among the different treatments in the same period (P < 0.05). FM5: Fanmai 5; HM33: Huaimai 33."

Table 7

Variance analysis of exogenous trehalose on photosynthetic parameters of wheat under high temperature stress at grain filling stage"

变异来源
Source of variation		 自由度
Degrees of freedom		 净光合速率
Net photosynthetic rate		 气孔导度
Stomatal
conductance		 蒸腾速率
Transpiration
rate		 绿叶面积
Green leaf area		 叶绿素相对含量
Relative chlorophyll content
花后天数
Days after anthesis (D)		 1 ** ** ** ** **
品种Hybrid (H) 1 ** ns ** ** **
处理Treatment (T) 4 ** ** ** ** **
D×H 1 ** * ** ** **
D×T 4 * ns ** ** **
H×T 4 ns ns ns * ns
D×H×T 4 ns ns ns ** ns

Fig. 5

Effect of exogenous trehalose on malondialdehyde content in flag leaves of wheat under high temperature stress at grain filling stage Treatments are the same as those given in Fig. 2. Different lowercase letters represent significant difference among the different treatments in the same period (P < 0.05). FM5: Fanmai 5; HM33: Huaimai 33."

Fig. 6

Effects of exogenous trehalose on activities of SOD (A, B), POD (C, D), and CAT (E, F) in flag leaves of wheat under high temperature stress at grain filling stage Treatments are the same as those given in Fig. 2. Different lowercase letters represent significant difference among the different treatments in the same period (P < 0.05). FM5: Fanmai 5; HM33: Huaimai 33."

Table 8

Correlation analysis of yield and its components, photosynthetic parameters, and antioxidant characteristic factors"

生理指标
Physiological index		 产量
Yield		 穗粒数
Kernels per ear		 千粒重
1000-kernel weight		 穗数
Harvest ear number
净光合速率(Pn) 0.75** 0.18 0.91** -0.44
气孔导度(Gs) 0.82** 0.25 0.97** -0.51
蒸腾速率(Tr) 0.93** 0.47 0.92** -0.61
绿叶面积 Green leaf area 0.11* -0.56 0.69* 0.19
叶绿素相对含量(SPAD) SPAD value 0.93** 0.44 0.94** -0.64
丙二醛(MDA)含量MDA content -1.00** -0.70 -0.79** 0.77
超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性 SOD activity 0.89** 0.34 0.97** -0.55
过氧化物酶(POD)活性 POD activity 0.82** 0.23 0.97** -0.43
过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性 CAT activity 0.99** 0.76 0.73* -0.74
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