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Acta Agronomica Sinica ›› 2025, Vol. 51 ›› Issue (3): 755-770.doi: 10.3724/SP.J.1006.2025.43033

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• TILLAGE & CULTIVATION·PHYSIOLOGY & BIOCHEMISTRY • Previous Articles     Next Articles

Effects of no-tillage with plastic film and the amount of irrigation water on yield and photosynthetic characteristics of maize in oasis irrigation area of Northwest China

WANG Yan(), BAI Chun-Sheng, LI Bo, FAN Hong, HE Wei, YANG Li-Li, CAO Yue, ZHAO Cai()   

  1. State Key Laboratory of Arid Land Crop Science / College of Agronomy, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, Gansu, China
  • Received:2024-07-24 Accepted:2024-10-25 Online:2025-03-12 Published:2024-10-30
  • Contact: *E-mail: zhaoc@gsau.edu.cn
  • Supported by:
    National Key Research and Development Program of China(2023YFD2301104);Gansu Provincial Science and Technology Major Project(23ZDNA008)

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Abstract:

This study investigates the effects of different tillage practices and the amounts of irrigation water on maize yield and photosynthetic characteristics, aiming to provide theoretical support and practical guidance for water-saving management in maize cultivation using plastic film mulching in oasis irrigation areas. The research is based on a long-term field experiment conducted at the Wuwei Oasis Agricultural Comprehensive Experimental Station of Gansu Agricultural University, starting in 2014. A split-plot experimental design was employed, with two tillage practices in the main plots: no-tillage with plastic film (NT) and conventional tillage with plastic film (CT). The sub-plots were assigned three amounts of irrigation water: low (I1, 4500 m3 hm-2), medium (I2, 4950 m3 hm-2) and high (I3, 5400 m3 hm-2). Grain yield, leaf photosynthetic parameters, and key photosynthetic enzyme activities in maize were measured in 2022 and 2023. The results showed that grain yield under NT was significantly higher than CT by 7.9%. Although maize yield decreased with reduced the amounts of irrigation water, the NTI2 treatment yielded similarly to NTI3 and was 8.0% higher than CTI2. From the silking to dough stage, the leaf area index (LAI), chlorophyll content (SPAD), and net photosynthetic rate (Pn) in NT increased by 6.7%-9.5%, 5.8%-7.0%, and 5.6%-9.9%, respectively, compared to CT. While LAI, SPAD, and Pn were significantly lower in the I1 treatment compared to I3, there were no significant differences between I2 and I3. Similarly, no significant differences were observed between NTI2 and NTI3 for these parameters, but they were 9.1%-10.5%, 7.5%-9.5%, and 7.1%-12.4% higher, respectively, than CTI2. The activities of phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase (PEPC) and ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase (Rubisco) in NT were 5.4%-8.0% and 5.6%-8.8% higher, respectively, than in CT from the silking to filling stages. Among the amounts of irrigation water, PEPC and Rubisco activities were significantly lower in I1 than in I3, but no significant differences were found between I2 and I3. The highest PEPC activity was observed in NTI2, which was 5.8%-8.8% higher than CTI2, while Rubisco activity in NTI2 was 6.3%-11.6% higher than in CTI2. A structural equation model (SEM) indicated that under the medium amount of irrigation water, no-tillage with plastic film significantly improved maize photosynthetic performance during the middle and late growth stages compared to conventional tillage. This improvement led to an increase in the number of ears per unit area and 1000-grain weight, ultimately enhancing grain yield. Therefore, no-tillage with plastic film combined with the medium amount of irrigation water (4950 m3 hm-2) is recommended as an effective water-saving management practice for plastic film mulching in oasis irrigation areas of northwest China.

Key words: maize, no-tillage with plastic film, the amount of irrigation water, photosynthetic characteristics, yield

Fig. 1

Changes of precipitation and temperature in the study area from 2022 to 2023"

Table 1

Experimental design"

耕作措施
Tillage measure		 灌水量
Amounts of irrigation water (m3 hm-2)		 处理
Treatments
覆膜免耕
No-tillage with plastic film (NT)		 I1 (4500) NTI1
I2 (4950) NTI2
I3 (5400) NTI3
传统覆膜耕作
Conventional tillage with plastic film (CT)		 I1 (4500) CTI1
I2 (4950) CTI2
I3 (5400) CTI3

Table 2

Irrigation quota for maize at different growth stages under different amounts of irrigation water"

灌水量
Amounts of
irrigation water		 灌水定额Irrigation quota (m3 hm-2)
苗期
Seeding		 拔节期
Jointing		 大喇叭口期
Big flare		 吐丝期
Silking		 灌浆期
Filling		 灌溉总额
Irrigation quota
I1 900 900 900 900 900 4500
I2 900 1050 1050 1050 900 4950
I3 900 1200 1200 1200 900 5400

Table 3

Effects of different treatments on maize grain yield and its components"

年份
Year		 耕作措施
Tillage
measure		 灌水量
Amounts of irrigation water		 籽粒产量
Grain yield
(kg hm-2)		 穗数
Ear numbers
(ear m-2)		 穗粒数
Kernel number per spike		 千粒重
1000-kernel weight (g)
2022 NT I1 12,097.9 c 8.2 c 552.2 b 417.3 c
I2 13,935.3 a 9.4 a 613.3 a 470.8 a
I3 14,165.0 a 9.5 a 627.4 a 476.4 a
CT I1 10,808.7 d 7.5 d 511.8 c 381.9 d
I2 12,845.4 bc 8.7 b 570.4 b 432.5 bc
I3 13,584.2 ab 9.3 a 589.5 ab 448.6 b
2023 NT I1 12,654.8 c 8.6 c 543.5 b 415.1 c
I2 14,461.4 a 9.3 a 606.3 a 478.0 a
I3 14,650.7 a 9.4 a 620.7 a 481.6 a
CT I1 11,381.1 d 7.9 d 512.0 c 385.9 d
I2 13,448.3 b 8.7 b 565.6 a 438.8 b
I3 13,883.9 ab 9.3 a 581.3 a 441.1 b
显著性Significance
年份Year (Y) ** ** NS NS
耕作措施Tillage initiatives (T) ** ** NS **
灌水量Amounts of irrigation water (I) ** ** ** **
Y×T NS NS NS NS
Y×I NS ** NS NS
T×I * ** NS *
T×I×Y NS NS NS NS

Fig. 2

Dynamics of leaf area index of maize and average leaf area index at different growth stages under different treatments NT and CT represent no-tillage and conventional tillage with plastic film, respectively. I1, I2, and I3 represent low, medium, and high amounts of irrigation water, respectively. V1, V6, V12, R1, R2, R5, and R6 represent seeding, jointing, big flare, silking, filling, doughing, and maturing stages, respectively. Different lowercase letters in the same year indicate significant differences among treatments at the 0.05 probability level. ** and * indicate significant differences at the 0.01 and 0.05 probability levels, respectively."

Fig. 3

Effects of different treatments on the average leaf area index and leaf area index dynamics of maize during the whole growth period Treatments are the same as those given in Fig. 2. ** and * indicate significant differences at the 0.01 and 0.05 probability levels, respectively."

Fig. 4

Effects of different treatments on SPAD during the main growth period of maize Treatments are the same as those given in Fig. 2. ** and * indicate significant differences at the 0.01 and 0.05 probability levels, respectively."

Fig. 5

Effects of different treatments on Pn during the main growth stages of maize Treatments are the same as those given in Fig. 2. ** and * indicate significant differences at the 0.01 and 0.05 probability levels, respectively."

Fig. 6

Effects of different treatments on Gs during the main growth stages of maize Treatments are the same as those given in Fig. 2. ** and * indicate significant differences at the 0.01 and 0.05 probability levels, respectively."

Fig. 7

Effects of different treatments on Tr during the main growth stages of maize Treatments are the same as those given in Fig. 2. ** and * indicate significant differences at the 0.01 and 0.05 probability levels, respectively."

Fig. 8

Effects of different treatments on Ci during the main growth stages of maize Treatments are the same as those given in Fig. 2. ** and * indicate significant differences at the 0.01 and 0.05 probability levels, respectively."

Fig. 9

Effects of different treatments on PEPC enzyme activity during the main growth stages of maize Treatments are the same as those given in Fig. 2. Different lowercase letters in the same year indicate significant differences among treatments at the 0.05 probability level. ** and * indicate significant differences at the 0.01 and 0.05 probability levels, respectively. NS indicates no significant difference."

Fig. 10

Effects of different treatments on Rubisco enzyme activity during the main growth stages of maize Treatments are the same as those given in Fig. 2. Different lowercase letters in the same year indicate significant differences among treatments at the 0.05 probability level. ** and * indicate significant differences at the 0.01 and 0.05 probability levels, respectively. NS indicates no significant difference."

Fig. 11

Structural equation model of leaf photosynthetic physiological parameters affecting yield and yield components and the relationship between parameters LAI, SPAD, PEPC, Rubisco, Pn, Tr, EN, TKW, KNS and GY represent leaf area index, chlorophyll content, phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase, ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase, net photosynthetic rate, transpiration rate, ear numbers unit area, kernel number per spilk, 1000-grain weight and grain yield, respectively. The solid line represents a significant path, and the thickness of the solid line represents the absolute value of the path coefficient. The dotted line indicates that the path is not significant. The value beside the line is the standardized path coefficient. ** and * indicate significant differences at the 0.01 and 0.05 probability levels, respectively."

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