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Acta Agronomica Sinica ›› 2025, Vol. 51 ›› Issue (6): 1629-1642.doi: 10.3724/SP.J.1006.2025.44150

• TILLAGE & CULTIVATION · PHYSIOLOGY & BIOCHEMISTRY • Previous Articles     Next Articles

Effects of potassium fertilizer application rates on rapeseed yield and potassium absorption and yield reduction caused by frost damage

CUI Xin1,GU He-He1,SONG Yi1,ZHANG Zhe2,LIU Shi-Shi1,LU Zhi-Feng1,REN Tao1,*,LU Jian-Wei1   

  1. 1 College of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University / Key Laboratory of Arable Land Conservation (Middle and Lower Reaches of Yangtze River) / Microelement Research Center, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, Hubei, China; 2 National Agricultural Technical Extension and Service Center, Beijing 100125, China
  • Received:2024-09-11 Revised:2025-03-26 Accepted:2025-03-26 Online:2025-06-12 Published:2025-04-01
  • Supported by:
    This study was supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China (2023YFD1901100), the Hubei Province Agriculture Research System Rapeseed Research System (2023HBSTX4-03), and the China Agriculture Research System of MOF and MARA (CARS-12).

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Abstract:

Low-temperature frost damage during the overwintering and budding stages of winter rapeseed significantly affects yield formation. Increasing potassium fertilizer application is an effective strategy to enhance stress resistance and mitigate yield losses caused by frost damage. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of different potassium fertilizer rates on rapeseed yield reduction following frost damage. Field experiments were conducted in Wuxue City and Wuhan City, Hubei Province, during the 2022/2023 and 2023/2024 growing seasons. The study compared the effects of varying potassium fertilizer rates (0, 60, 120, 180, and 240 kg hm?2) on rapeseed yield, yield components, aboveground nutrient content and distribution, and potassium nutrient use efficiency under extreme low-temperature conditions in the 2023/2024 season. The results indicated that, compared to the 2022/2023 season, the 2023/2024 frost conditions led to a 13.4%–24.1% yield reduction at the Wuhan site and a more pronounced 35.7%–57.1% reduction at the Wuxue site under the same treatments. This was accompanied by a decline in total aboveground biomass, ranging from 32.3%–42.5% in Wuhan and 23.9%–38.9% in Wuxue. The primary factors contributing to yield loss were a substantial decrease in pod number per plant (35.5%–56.0%) and a reduction in 1000-seed weight (28.1%–31.6%). Potassium application alleviated yield losses, with the K180 treatment exhibiting the smallest yield reduction. After frost damage, the potassium content and its distribution within rapeseed increased, although aboveground potassium accumulation declined significantly. Additionally, potassium absorption efficiency and the partial factor productivity of potassium fertilizer decreased. Potassium application enhanced potassium accumulation in rapeseed, slowed the decline in aboveground potassium absorption, and promoted the transfer of potassium from non-seed tissues to seeds. Model fitting using a linear-plus-plateau approach suggested optimal potassium application rates of 163.1 kg hm?2 for Wuhan and 147.9 kg hm?2 for Wuxue, representing an average increase of 35.2 kg hm?2 compared to the 2022/2023 season. In conclusion, appropriate potassium fertilization during low-temperature frost periods can significantly improve rapeseed growth and mitigate yield losses caused by severe climatic fluctuations.

Key words: potassium fertilizer application rates, rapeseed yield, nutrient absorption, frost damage severity, optimal potassium application rate

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