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Acta Agronomica Sinica ›› 2025, Vol. 51 ›› Issue (9): 2433-2453.doi: 10.3724/SP.J.1006.2025.52003

• TILLAGE & CULTIVATION·PHYSIOLOGY & BIOCHEMISTRY • Previous Articles     Next Articles

Population dynamic characteristics and formation mechanisms of super high-yielding of two types of glutinous rice in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze Rive

GUO Bao-Wei1(), WANG Wang1, WANG Kai1, WANG Yan1, ZENG Xin1, JING Xiu1, WANG Jing1, NI Xin-Hua2, XU Ke1, ZHANG Hong-Cheng1,*()   

  1. 1Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Cultivation and Physiology, Yangzhou University / Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops / Rice Industry Engineering Technology Research Institute, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, Jiangsu, China
    2Agriculture and Rural Bureau of Youfang Town, Yangzhong County, Jiangsu Province, Yangzhong 212200, Jiangsu, China
  • Received:2025-01-20 Accepted:2025-06-01 Online:2025-09-12 Published:2025-06-12
  • Contact: *E-mail: hczhang@yzu.edu.cn E-mail:gbwyx@126.com;hczhang@yzu.edu.cn
  • Supported by:
    Key Research and Development Program of Jiangsu Province(BE2022338);Leading Talent Introduction Program of Zhenjiang City’s Jinshan Talent Plan for Strong Industries(2021);Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions’ Advantage Discipline Construction Project(PAPD)

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Abstract:

To investigate the characteristics and formation patterns of super high-yielding (SHY) populations in glutinous rice and to provide theoretical guidance for high-yield cultivation, we used three glutinous rice cultivars as experimental materials: the conventional japonica variety Yangjingnuo 2 and the indica-japonica hybrid varieties Shuyounuo 82 and Shuyounuo 85. We analyzed the photosynthetic production and translocation of assimilates, population structure, lodging resistance, and yield performance across high-yielding (HY), higher-yielding (HRY), and super high-yielding (SHY) glutinous rice populations to clarify their characteristics and formation mechanisms. The results showed as follows: (1) Compared with HY and HRY populations, the SHY population had a significantly higher total spikelet number, while 1000-grain weight and seed setting rate were slightly lower, but not significantly different. SHY populations were characterized by large panicles and high total spikelet numbers (exceeding 43,000×104 hm-2 in conventional japonica and 60,000×104 hm-2 in hybrid types), while maintaining stable 1000-grain weight and seed setting rate. (2) From the effective critical leaf age to the jointing stage, there were no significant differences in leaf area index (LAI) or photosynthetic potential among yield types. However, from heading to maturity, both LAI and photosynthetic potential followed the order SHY > HRY > HY, while leaf area decay rate showed the opposite trend. Differences among the three yield types were highly significant during this period. (3) No significant differences in dry matter accumulation were observed from the critical leaf age to the booting stage. However, from heading to maturity, SHY populations accumulated significantly more dry matter than HRY and HY. During the booting to milky stage, SHY also showed a significantly higher dry matter accumulation rate. From the milky to waxy stage, the accumulation rate did not differ significantly in the conventional japonica type, but in the hybrid indica-japonica type, SHY populations still exhibited a significantly higher rate than HRY and HY. (4) With increasing yield grade, the top three leaves became longer, with smaller opening and base angles and reduced drooping; plant height increased, and the plant architecture became more upright. The first, second, and third basal internodes increased significantly in length, thickness, and width, contributing to enhanced stem strength and lodging resistance. Except for the third internode in conventional glutinous rice, the lodging index significantly decreased with higher yield grades. (5) In both glutinous rice types, population yield was significantly correlated with LAI at heading, dry matter weight at heading and maturity, and net dry matter accumulation. A strong positive correlation was also found between yield and LAI at maturity. SHY populations possessed a large and stable sink capacity (panicle size), a strong photosynthetic source capacity after panicle initiation, and an upright plant type with high stem strength and lodging resistance. These traits contribute to increased late-stage photosynthate production and dry matter accumulation, supporting a favorable grain-to-leaf ratio for safe and stable grain filling.

Key words: glutinous rice, super-high yield, different yield groups, yield and its components, group characteristics

Fig. 1

Rainfall, average temperature, and sunshine duration during the rice growth period"

Table 1

Grain yield and its components at different yield levels in glutinous rice"

年份
Year		 品种
Cultivar		 类型
Type		 穗数
Panicles
(×104 hm−2)		 每穗粒数
Spikelet
Per panicle		 总颖花量
Total spikelet
(×104 hm−2)		 结实率
Filled-grain
Percentage (%)		 千粒重
1000-grain
weight (g)		 产量
Harvested yield
(kg hm−2)
2022 扬粳糯2号
Yangjingnuo 2		 HY 平均 M (n = 6) 320.6 Bb 114.2 Cc 36,628.3 Cc 94.8 Aa 26.7 Aa 9009.6 Cc
标准差 S 3.2 2.0 579.4 0.5 0.2 332.2
变异系数 CV (%) 0.99 1.71 1.58 0.51 0.70 3.69
变幅 315.5-324.7 112.2-116.5 35,755.4-37,593.2 94.1-95.5 26.3-26.9 8567.4-9512.7
HRY 平均 M (n = 5) 333.7 Bb 121.8 Bb 40,527.2 Bb 94.7 Aa 26.6 Aa 9971.5 Bb
标准差 S 6.2 3.1 499.9 0.2 0.2 386.5
变异系数 CV (%) 1.85 2.55 1.23 0.18 0.60 3.88
变幅 323.9-340.1 118.2-125.6 39,948.1-41,411.8 94.5-95.0 26.5-26.9 9650.2-10686.1
To HY±% 4.10 6.62 10.64 −0.09 −0.09 10.68
SHY 平均 M (n = 4) 345.2 Aa 133.1 Aa 45,870.9 Aa 94.7 Aa 26.5 Aa 11236.5 Aa
标准差 S 3.1 4.3 1365.1 0.6 0.1 401.3
变异系数 CV (%) 0.91 3.22 2.98 0.64 0.38 3.57
变幅 340.5-349.9 128.6-139.4 44,061.3-47,897.8 94.2-95.7 26.3-26.6 10,792.9-11,689.6
To HRY±% 3.43 9.24 13.19 −0.02 −0.69 12.69
沭优糯82
Shuyounuo 82		 HY 平均 M (n = 5) 189.5 Bb 248.2 Bb 46,926.7 Cc 84.5 Aa 25.8 Aa 10,088.6 Cc
标准差 S 1.8 8.7 753.2 0.4 0.2 312.5
变异系数 CV (%) 0.97 3.49 1.61 0.51 0.88 3.10
变幅 186.9-192.1 236.7-262.9 45,670.7-47,972.1 84.1-85.3 25.3-25.9 9653.1-10,418.4
HRY 平均 M (n = 6) 217.4 Aa 254.3 Bb 55,251.3 Bb 84.4Aa 25.7 Aa 11,243.4 Bb
标准差 S 4.4 9.2 1071.1 0.3 0.3 419.9
变异系数 CV (%) 2.02 3.60 1.94 0.31 1.23 3.73
变幅 208.4-222.1 238.1-265.2 54,420.2-57,420.5 84.1-84.8 25.1-26.1 10,703.2-11,822.0
To HY±% 14.70 2.47 17.74 −0.12 −0.13 11.45
SHY 平均 M (n = 4) 222.3 Aa 282.9 Aa 62,889.1 Aa 84.3 Aa 25.8 Aa 13,533.6 Aa
标准差 S 1.7 6.3 1299.6 0.6 0.1 413.7
变异系数 CV (%) 0.78 2.23 2.07 0.68 0.41 3.06
变幅 219.5-224.2 275.3-290.2 61,252.9-64,541.4 83.4-85.0 25.6-25.9 12,997.2-13,997.2
To HRY±% 2.29 11.24 13.76 −0.14 0.22 20.37
2023 扬粳糯2号
Yangjingnuo 2		 HY 平均 M (n = 7) 322.3 Bb 115.3Cc 37,155.2 Cc 94.8 Aa 26.9 Aa 9192.3 Cc
标准差 S 7.0 2.5 894.7 0.1 0.1 298.6
变异系数 CV (%) 2.18 2.18 2.41 0.16 0.36 3.25
变幅 308.3-329.8 111.1-118.7 36,002.5-38,487.7 94.6-94.9 26.8-27.0 8947.4-9510.1
HRY 平均 M (n = 4) 329.4 Bb 124.5Bb 41,011.1 Bb 94.3 Aa 26.8 Aa 10,195.7 Bb
标准差 S 3.9 2.2 996.7 0.1 0.1 360.0
变异系数 CV (%) 1.20 1.76 2.43 0.12 0.53 3.53
变幅 328.8-334.5 121.9-127.6 39,437.1-42,203.7 94.2-94.5 26.6-27.0 9805.7-10,756.4
To HY±% 2.20 7.98 10.38 -0.47 −0.33 10.92
SHY 平均 M (n = 4) 349.8 Aa 134.2 Aa 46,938.1 Aa 94.1 Aa 26.7 Aa 11,477.7 Aa
标准差 S 8.2 3.7 978.2 0.4 0.2 349.4
变异系数 CV (%) 2.34 2.73 4.21 0.42 0.66 3.04
变幅 340.2-359.1 130.1-140.1 45,450.7-50,309.9 93.5-94.5 26.4-26.8 10,966.5-11,911.3
To HRY±% 6.18 7.78 14.45 -0.20 −0.38 12.57
沭优糯85
Shuyounuo 85		 HY 平均 M (n = 5) 199.5 Bb 264.5 Bc 52,751.9 Cc 81.1 Aa 26.3 Aa 10,708.8 Cc
标准差 S 6.5 5.4 1300.1 0.7 0.1 364.1
变异系数 CV (%) 3.25 2.05 2.46 0.89 0.55 3.41
变幅 187.1-205.1 256.1-271.7 52,317.9-53,249.7 80.2-81.9 26.0-26.4 10,014.1-11,014.0
HRY 平均 M (n = 5) 213.1 Aa 276.4 Bb 58,894.2 Bb 80.9 Aa 26.5 Aa 12,016.6 Bb
标准差 S 5.6 3.8 1722.9 0.3 0.2 428.7
变异系数 CV (%) 2.62 1.37 2.93 0.34 0.62 3.57
变幅 204.4-221.9 269.1-279.3 57,075.1-60,076.7 80.4-81.2 26.2-26.7 11,550.6-12,791.8
To HY±% 6.82 4.47 11.64 −0.17 0.87 12.21
SHY 平均 M (n = 5) 225.8 Aa 288.7 Aa 65,193.9 Aa 80.6 Aa 26.3 Aa 13,741.4 Aa
标准差 S 2.9 6.3 1441.1 0.3 0.2 415.7
变异系数 CV (%) 1.27 2.18 2.21 0.36 0.69 3.03
变幅 221.6-230.4 281.2-298.2 63,638.8-67,050.3 80.2-80.9 26.2-26.7 13,193.1-14,387.7
To HRY±% 5.97 4.46 10.70 −0.37 −0.52 14.35

Fig. 2

Dynamic changes of leaf area index at different yield levels in glutinous rice HY: high-yield; HRY: higher-yield; SHY: super high-yield; N-n: critical leaf-age for productive tillers; J: jointing; H: heading; MK: milky stage; W: waxy stage; M: maturity. Different uppercase and lowercase letters indicate significant differences at the 0.01 and 0.05 levels, respectively."

Fig. 3

Dynamic changes of leaf area duration at different yield levels in glutinous rice HY: high-yield; HRY: higher-yield; SHY: super high-yield. (N-n)-J: from critical leaf-age for productive tillers to jointing; J-H: from jointing to heading; H-MK: from heading to milky stage; MK-W: from milky stage to waxy stage; W-M: from waxy stage to maturity. Different uppercase and lowercase letters indicate significant differences at the 0.01 and 0.05 levels, respectively."

Fig. 4

Dynamic changes of Net assimilation rate at different yield levels in glutinous rice Abbreviations are the same as those given in Fig. 3. Different uppercase and lowercase letters indicate significant differences at the 0.01 and 0.05 levels, respectively."

Fig. 5

Dynamic changes of dry matter accumulation in above-ground parts at different yield levels in glutinous rice Abbreviations are the same as those given in Fig. 2. Different uppercase and lowercase letters indicate significant differences at the 0.01 and 0.05 levels, respectively."

Fig. 6

Dynamic changes of dry matter accumulation in panicle at different yield levels in glutinous rice Abbreviations are the same as those given in Fig. 2. Different uppercase and lowercase letters indicate significant differences at the 0.01 and 0.05 levels, respectively."

Fig. 7

Growth rate of dry matter accumulation of above-ground parts at different yield levels in glutinous rice Abbreviations are the same as those given in Fig. 3. Different uppercase and lowercase letters indicate significant differences at the 0.01 and 0.05 levels, respectively."

Fig. 8

Relationship between population spikelet, filled-grain percentage, 1000-grain weight, and harvested yield in glutinous rice ** indicate significant correlation at the P ≤ 0.01 levels, respectively."

Table 2

Correlation analysis among panicles, spikeles per panicle, and population spikelets in glutinous rice"

类型
Type		 年份
Year		 品种
Cultivar		 性状
Trait		 相关系数r 通径系数pi 净贡献率pir
穗数
Panicles		 每穗颖花数
Spikelet		 穗数
Panicles		 每穗颖花数
Spikelet		 穗数
Panicles		 每穗颖花数
Spikelet
HY 2022 扬粳糯2号
Yangjingnuo 2		 总颖花量
Total spikelet		 0.767 -0.044 1.407 1.066 1.079 -0.047
沭优糯82
Shuyounuo 82		 总颖花量
Total spikelet		 0.678 -0.568 1.854 0.514 1.257 -0.292
2023 扬粳糯2号
Yangjingnuo 2		 总颖花量
Total spikelet		 0.779 -0.041 1.326 0.832 1.033 -0.033
沭优糯85
Shuyounuo 85		 总颖花量
Total spikelet		 0.877* 0.110 1.075 0.520 0.943 0.057
HRY 2022 扬粳糯2号
Yangjingnuo 2		 总颖花量
Total spikelet		 0.895* -0.220 1.258 0.575 1.126 -0.126
HRY 2022 沭优糯82
Shuyounuo 82		 总颖花量
Total spikelet		 0.656 0.743 0.657 0.766 0.431 0.569
2023 扬粳糯2号
Yangjingnuo 2		 总颖花量
Total spikelet		 0.872* -0.168 1.267 0.629 1.105 -0.106
沭优糯85
Shuyounuo 85		 总颖花量
Total spikelet		 0.677 0.762 0.648 0.736 0.439 0.561
SHY 2022 扬粳糯2号
Yangjingnuo 2		 总颖花量
Total spikelet		 0.595 0.876* 0.575 0.694 0.342 0.608
沭优糯82
Shuyounuo 82		 总颖花量
Total spikelet		 0.584 0.851* 0.527 0.814 0.308 0.692
2023 扬粳糯2号
Yangjingnuo 2		 总颖花量
Total spikelet		 0.780 0.878* 0.480 0.800 0.278 0.702
沭优糯85
Shuyounuo 85		 总颖花量
Total spikelet		 0.560 0.889* 0.481 0.817 0.269 0.726

Table 3

Production of day matter after heading and grain-leaf ratio with different yield levels in glutinous rice"

年份
Year		 品种
Cultivar		 类型Type 抽穗期-成熟期H-M 粒叶比Grain-leaf ratio
净积累量
Net
accumulation
(t hm-2)		 RDMM
(%)		 叶面积衰减率
Leaf area
decreasing per day		 光合势
LAD
(×104 m2 d hm-2)		 颖花/叶Spikelet per leaf area (cm-2) 实粒/叶
Filled grains per leaf area (cm-2)		 粒重/叶
Grain weight per leaf area
(mg cm-2)
2022 扬粳糯2号
Yangjingnuo 2		 HY 6.21 Cc 38.0 Bb 0.082 Aa 246.5 Cc 0.49 Cc 0.46 Cc 14.22 Cc
HRY 7.92 Bb 41.1 Aa 0.076 Bb 292.5 Bb 0.56 Bb 0.53 Bb 14.64 Bb
SHY 9.33 Aa 41.7 Aa 0.074 Cc 327.7 Aa 0.67 Aa 0.63 Aa 15.22 Aa
沭优糯82
Shuyounuo 82		 HY 6.86 Cc 34.4 Cc 0.081 Aa 269.5 Cc 0.60 Cc 0.49 Cc 14.02 Cc
HRY 8.21 Bb 36.5 Bb 0.073 Bb 305.0 Bb 0.67 Bb 0.55 Bb 14.69 Bb
SHY 9.99 Aa 37.9 Aa 0.070 Cc 368.7 Aa 0.70 Aa 0.58 Aa 14.83 Aa
2023 扬粳糯2号Yangjingnuo 2 HY 6.44 Cc 38.2 Bb 0.083 Aa 239.6 Cc 0.54 Cc 0.50 Cc 14.48 Cc
HRY 8.12 Bb 40.9 Aa 0.078 Bb 279.8 Bb 0.64 Bb 0.59 Bb 15.08 Bb
SHY 9.42 Aa 41.1 Aa 0.071 Cc 327.9 Aa 0.69 Aa 0.65 Aa 15.53 Aa
沭优糯85 Shuyounuo 85 HY 7.05 Cc 34.2 Cc 0.086 Aa 268.6 Cc 0.65 Cc 0.52 Cc 14.58 Cc
HRY 8.33 Bb 35.6 Bb 0.081 Bb 300.1 Bb 0.70 Bb 0.56 Bb 15.21 Bb
SHY 9.96 Aa 38.2 Aa 0.071 Cc 360.3 Aa 0.76 Aa 0.61 Aa 16.27 Aa

Table 4

Production and translocation of day matter per stem and sheath with different yield levels in glutinous rice"

年份
Year		 品种
Cultivar		 类型Type 抽穗期单茎茎鞘重
Weight per stem and sheath in H
(g)		 乳熟期单茎茎鞘重
Weight per
stem and
sheath in MK
(g)		 成熟期单茎茎鞘重
Weight per stem and sheath in M
(g)		 单茎茎鞘输出率Output ratio per stem and sheath
最大输出率
Maximum output ratio
(%)		 表观输出率
Apparent
output ratio
(%)		 最大输出物质的
转运率
Translocation ratio of maximum output (%)
2022 扬粳糯2号
Yangjingnuo 2		 HY 2.184 Cc 1.626 Cc 1.651 Cc 25.6 Cc 24.4 Aa 19.2 Cc
HRY 2.445 Bb 1.749 Bb 1.892 Bb 28.5 Bb 22.6 Bb 22.4 Bb
SHY 2.693 Aa 1.824 Aa 2.209 Aa 32.3 Aa 17.9 Cc 25.6 Aa
沭优糯82
Shuyounuo 82		 HY 2.417 Cc 1.744 Bb 1.851 Cc 27.8 Cc 23.5 Aa 12.3 Cc
HRY 2.873 Bb 1.952 Cc 2.339 Bb 32.1 Bb 18.6 Bb 16.3 Bb
SHY 3.321 Aa 2.143 Aa 2.811 Aa 35.5 Aa 15.3 Cc 20.2 Aa
2023 扬粳糯2号Yangjingnuo 2 HY 2.213 Cc 1.658 Cc 1.676 Cc 25.1 Cc 24.3 Aa 18.8 Cc
HRY 2.460 Bb 1.795 Bb 1.899 Bb 27.0 Bb 22.8 Bb 21.1 Bb
SHY 2.748 Aa 1.852 Aa 2.271 Aa 32.6 Aa 17.3 Cc 25.1 Aa
沭优糯85 Shuyounuo 85 HY 2.609 Cc 1.916 Cc 2.031 Cc 26.6 Cc 22.2 Aa 12.1 Cc
HRY 2.978 Bb 2.095 Bb 2.428 Bb 29.6 Bb 18.1 Bb 14.8 Bb
SHY 3.469 Aa 2.170 Aa 2.975 Aa 37.4 Aa 14.2 Cc 21.1 Aa

Table 5

Plant architecture characteristics at the heading stage in glutinous rice populations with different yield levels"

年份
Year		 品种
Cultivar		 类型
Type		 剑叶Flag leaf 倒二叶2nd leaf from the bottom 倒三叶3rd leaf from the bottom
长
Length (cm)		 LBA
(°)		 ASL
(°)		 DA
(°)		 长
Length (cm)		 LBA
(°)		 ASL
(°)		 DA
(°)		 长
Length (cm)		 LBA
(°)		 ASL
(°)		 DA
(°)
2022 扬粳糯2号
Yangjing-
nuo 2		 HY 26.9 Aa 10.5 Aa 15.8 Aa 5.3 Aa 36.8 Aa 13.0 Aa 19.5 Aa 6.5 Aa 34.7 Aa 15.5 Aa 22.5 Aa 7.0 Aa
HRY 27.6 Aa 9.5 Ab 13.0 Bb 3.5 Bb 37.9 Aa 9.0 Bb 14.5 Bb 5.5 Ab 35.8 Aa 12.5 Bb 18.5 Bb 6.0 Bb
SHY 28.8 Aa 6.0 Bc 9.0 Cc 3.0 Bc 38.9 Aa 6.5 Cc 10.0 Cc 3.5 Bc 36.4 Aa 11.5 Cc 15.5 Cc 4.0 Cc
沭优糯82
Shuyou-
nuo 82		 HY 26.9 Aa 11.5 Aa 17.0 Aa 5.5 Aa 43.6 Aa 12.5 Aa 19.0 Aa 6.5 Aa 42.3 Aa 13.5 Aa 20.5 Aa 7.0 Aa
HRY 28.8 Aa 9.5 Bb 12.5 Bb 3.0 Bb 44.5 Aa 11.5 Bb 15.5 Bb 4.0 Bb 42.7 Aa 12.8 Bb 17.0 Bb 4.3 Bb
SHY 32.0 Aa 5.0 Cc 7.5 Cc 2.5 Cc 45.0 Aa 5.8 Cc 9.5 Cc 3.8 Bc 43.0 Aa 7.5 Cc 11.5 Cc 4.0 Bc
2023 扬粳糯2号
Yangjing-
nuo 2		 HY 29.5 Aa 8.3 Aa 14.3 Aa 6.0 Aa 35.2 Aa 11.0 Aa 18.0 Aa 7.0 Aa 36.5 Aa 13.8 Aa 21.5 Aa 7.8 Aa
HRY 29.5 Aa 7.0 Bb 12.5 Bb 5.5 Bb 37.8 Aa 7.8 Bb 14.0 Bb 6.3 Ab 37.2 Aa 10.5 Bb 17.5 Bb 7.0 Bb
SHY 29.7 Aa 6.0 Cc 10.0 Cc 4.0 Cc 38.9 Aa 6.5 Cc 11.5 Cc 5.0 Bc 36.7 Aa 8.5 Cc 14.5 Cc 6.0 Cc
沭优糯85
Shuyou-
nuo 85		 HY 33.3 Aa 11.5 Aa 16.0 Aa 4.5 Aa 43.4 Aa 15.0 Aa 20.0 Aa 5.0 Aa 53.1 Aa 18.5 Aa 24.5 Aa 6.0 Aa
HRY 33.7 Aa 10.0 Bb 13.0 Bb 3.0 Bb 44.1 Aa 12.8 Bb 17.0 Bb 4.3 Ab 54.6 Aa 17.5 Bb 23.0 Bb 5.5 Ab
SHY 34.8 Aa 9.5 Cc 11.5 Cc 2.0 Cc 47.7 Aa 12.5 Bb 16.0 Cc 3.5 Bc 56.1 Aa 16.5 Cc 20.5 Cc 4.0 Bc

Table 6

Plant height and characteristic of basal internode at heading with different yield levels in glutinous rice"

年份
Year		 品种
Cultivar		 类型
Type		 株高
Plant height		 基部节间粗度
Width of basal internodes
(cm)		 基部节间长度
Length of basal internodes (cm)		 基部节间厚度
Thickness of basal internodes (mm)
I1 I2 I3 I1 I2 I3 I1 I2 I3
2022 扬粳糯2号
Yangjingnuo 2		 HY 85.7 Cc 0.47 Aa 0.43 Aa 0.41 Aa 3.95 Aa 7.41 Aa 9.3 Aa 1.27 Cc 1.12 Cc 1.01 Cc
HRY 87.9 Bb 0.49 Aa 0.44 Aa 0.42 Aa 4.15 Aa 7.50 Aa 9.40 Aa 1.42 Bb 1.29 Bb 1.31 Bb
SHY 90.8 Aa 0.51 Aa 0.47 Aa 0.43 Aa 4.19 Aa 7.53 Aa 9.46 Aa 1.78 Aa 1.52 Aa 1.41 Aa
沭优糯82
Shuyou-
nuo 82		 HY 114.5 Cc 0.72 Aa 0.62 Aa 0.56 Aa 4.25 Aa 9.30 Aa 14.11 Aa 1.91 Cc 1.52 Cc 1.01 Cc
HRY 116.5 Bb 0.73 Aa 0.64 Aa 0.58 Aa 4.40 Aa 9.45 Aa 14.20 Aa 2.16 Bb 1.63 Bb 1.08 Bb
SHY 120.3 Aa 0.74 Aa 0.67 Aa 0.59 Aa 4.45 Aa 9.85 Aa 14.26 Aa 2.54 Aa 1.76 Aa 1.15 Aa
2023 扬粳糯2号
Yangjingnuo 2		 HY 92.1 Cc 0.45 Aa 0.43 Aa 0.41 Aa 3.99 Aa 7.60 Aa 9.75 Aa 1.35 Cc 1.28 Cc 1.10 Cc
HRY 93.8 Bb 0.47 Aa 0.44 Aa 0.43 Aa 4.20 Aa 7.80 Aa 9.85 Aa 1.60 Bb 1.55 Bb 1.20 Bb
SHY 95.9 Aa 0.49 Aa 0.48 Aa 0.45 Aa 4.55 Aa 7.88 Aa 9.88 Aa 1.80 Aa 1.60 Aa 1.35 Aa
沭优糯85 Shuyou-
nuo 85		 HY 105.3 Cc 0.70 Aa 0.66 Aa 0.62 Aa 4.80 Aa 8.05 Aa 11.35 Aa 1.70 Cc 1.55 Cc 1.15 Cc
HRY 113.2 Bb 0.72 Aa 0.68 Aa 0.65 Aa 4.95 Aa 8.23 Aa 11.70 Aa 1.85 Bb 1.75 Bb 1.20 Bb
SHY 115.0 Aa 0.74 Aa 0.69 Aa 0.67 Aa 5.05 Aa 8.44 Aa 11.81 Aa 2.35 Aa 1.88 Aa 1.55 Aa

Table 7

Lodging index and breaking resistance at 30 days after heading with different yield levels"

年份
Year		 品种
Cultivar		 类型
Type		 抗折力Breaking resistance (g) 倒伏指数Lodging index
I1 I2 I3 I1 I2 I3
2022 扬粳糯2号
Yangjingnuo 2		 HY 1232.8 Cc 940.0 Cc 664.3 Cc 118.4 Aa 143.7 Aa 169.7 Aa
HRY 1434.6 Bb 1026.9 Bb 714.4 Bb 107.4 Bb 139.6 Bb 167.9 Aa
SHY 1856.3 Aa 1320.1 Aa 859.0 Aa 99.5 Cc 127.4 Cc 165.6 Aa
沭优糯82
Shuyounuo 82		 HY 1845.2 Cc 1282.0 Cc 1058.5 Cc 128.3 Aa 174.4 Aa 188.1 Aa
HRY 2138.4 Bb 1516.4 Bb 1234.5 Bb 122.8 Bb 165.0 Bb 186.1 Aa
SHY 2344.1 Aa 1719.2 Aa 1309.3 Aa 119.0 Cc 154.4 Cc 179.0 Bb
2023 扬粳糯2号
Yangjingnuo 2		 HY 1285.6 Cc 952.6 Cc 645.3 Cc 113.6 Aa 140.8 Aa 172.0 Aa
HRY 1449.9 Bb 1042.8 Bb 709.1 Bb 107.0 Bb 137.2 Bb 169.4 Aa
SHY 1851.2 Aa 1345.1 Aa 829.7 Aa 100.0 Cc 125.8 Cc 167.6 Aa
沭优糯85
Shuyounuo 85		 HY 1943.9 Cc 1439.0 Cc 1060.9 Cc 117.1 Aa 150.1 Aa 179.5 Aa
HRY 2298.5 Bb 1625.9 Bb 1132.5 Bb 110.2 Bb 145.7 Bb 177.9 Aa
SHY 2545.9 Aa 1843.8 Aa 1363.8 Aa 100.5 Cc 140.4 Cc 170.6 Bb

Table 8

Correlation analysis between yield and grain-filling traits and post-heading related indices in glutinous rice"

类型
Type		 指标
Index		 抽穗期叶面积指数
LAI in H		 成熟期叶面积指数
LAI in M		 抽穗-成熟期光合势
LAD in H to M		 抽穗期干物质重
Weight of dry matter in H		 成熟期干物质重
Weight of dry matter in M		 抽穗-成熟净积累量
Accumulation from H to M
常规粳型糯稻Conventional
glutinous rice		 产量Yield 0.939** 0.745* 0.829** 0.964** 0.955** 0.912**
千粒重1000-grain weight -0.412 0.487 0.310 -0.327 0.495 0.441
结实率Filled-grain
percentage		 -0.166 0.313 0.297 -0.127 0.111 0.289
籼粳杂交糯稻
Hybrid glutinous rice		 产量Yield 0.931** 0.762* 0.812** 0.956** 0.938** 0.951**
千粒重1000-grain weight 0.250 0.476 -0.068 -0.081 0.205 0.271
结实率Filled-grain
percentage		 -0.307 0.563 0.016 -0.218 0.107 0.138

Table 9

Population indexes of super high-yielding in glutinous rice"

考量指标
Index		 适宜数值 Optimum value
常规粳型糯稻
Conventional glutinous rice		 籼粳杂交糯稻
Hybrid glutinous rice
群体颖花量 Total spikelets (×104 hm-2) ≥ 43,000 ≥ 60,000
产量 Yield (kg hm-2) ≥ 10,500 ≥ 13,000
结实率 Filled-grain percentage (%) ≥ 95.0 ≥ 80.0
千粒重 1000-grain weight (g) 26± 25±
抽穗期叶面积指数 Index of leaf area at heading 7.5± 8.5±
成熟期叶面积指数 Index of leaf area at maturity ≥ 2.5 ≥ 3.5
抽穗期-成熟期光合势 Leaf area duration from heading to maturity (×104 m2 hm-2) ≥ 320 ≥ 350
抽穗期干物质重 Weight of dry matter at heading (t hm-2) 13± 16±
抽穗期-成熟期干物质重 Weight of dry matter from heading to maturity (t hm-2) ≥ 8.5 ≥ 9.0
成熟期干物质重 Weight of dry matter at maturity (t hm-2) ≥ 20.5 ≥ 22.5
抽穗期单茎重 Weight per stem and sheath at heading (g) ≥ 2.5 ≥ 3.0
成熟期单茎重 Weight per stem and sheath at maturity (g) ≥ 2.0 ≥ 2.5
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