大麦干旱胁迫萌发生理及分子机理的差异性与相关性研究

doi:10.3724/SP.J.1006.2025.41079

Abstract

Abstract:

Drought is a major abiotic stress affecting the growth and development of barley (Hordeum vulgare L.), with potentially irreversible impacts across all growth stages, including seed germination and flowering. To investigate the germination responses of diverse barley germplasm under drought stress, this study employed a vermiculite-based water control method to evaluate the germination characteristics of 54 barley germplasm accessions. Based on drought tolerance during germination, the accessions were classified into five categories: excellent, good, moderate, poor, and very poor, with the highest proportion (37.04%) falling into the moderate group. Seven accessions with strong drought tolerance during germination, such as E0270389 and ZDM5430, exhibited rapid germination, uniform emergence, and vigorous seedling growth. In contrast, six accessions with poor drought tolerance, including 08 Jing 134 and Ziyuan136-21490058, showed low germination rates, asynchronous emergence, and poor seedling uniformity. Six representative accessions (E0270389, ZDM5430, 7DCADA, Z1920057W, Feite 36, and ZY69-G231M004M) with significantly different drought germination characteristics were further analyzed for physiological and biochemical parameters, as well as DNA damage repair mechanisms during germination under drought conditions. The results revealed that accessions with good drought tolerance had lower expression of HvFPG during mid-germination and lower HvOGG1 expression during early germination compared to drought-sensitive accessions. In addition, these drought-tolerant accessions maintained higher peroxidase (POD) activity during early and middle germination stages, and showed less reduction in superoxide dismutase (SOD) and cysteine protease activities before germination. Soluble sugar content at 6 hours after drought induction did not differ significantly from the control. In contrast, drought-sensitive accessions exhibited significantly reduced POD activity during mid-germination and a marked decrease in soluble sugar content, as observed in Feite 36. In summary, barley germplasm with good drought tolerance during germination demonstrated enhanced DNA repair capacity, antioxidant activity, and metabolic adaptability under drought stress, leading to faster germination and healthier seedling development.

Key words: barley, drought stress, seed germination, DNA repair capacity, material transformation, antioxidant capacity

HE Peng-Xu, YAO Li-Rong, CHEN Yuan-Ling, YAN Yan, ZHANG Hong, WANG Jun-Cheng, LI Bao-Chun, YANG Ke, SI Er-Jing, MENG Ya-Xiong, MA Xiao-Le, WANG Hua-Jun. Differences and correlations in physiological and molecular mechanisms of barley germination under drought stress[J].Acta Agronomica Sinica, 2025, 51(9): 2412-2432.

Figures/Tables 16

Table 1

Table 2

Table S1

Comparison of differences in germination growth indexes of different barley germplasm resources under normal conditions"

指标 Index	类别 Category	品种数量 Number of cultivars	品种名称 Cultivar name	指标范围 Index range
发芽势GE (%)	显著高 Significantly higher	10	BGLAHA, IL-34, 资源71-CA2, 21099-2316, 金山本地大麦, 71200TTN, ZDM5430, 7DCADA, ZDM5458, IL-54 BGLAHA, IL-34, ZY71-CA2, 21099-2316, JSBD barley, 71200TTN, ZDM5430, 7DCADA, ZDM5458, IL-54	> 99%
	显著低 Significantly lower	7	G0587125V, DM-1300, 资源69-G231M004M, 资源144-C7067705, 菲特36, G0584001, 7极亲本抗病154 G0587125V, DM-1300, ZY69-G231M004M, ZY144-C7067705, FT 36, G0584001, 7JQBKB154	< 90%
发芽率GP (%)	显著高 Significantly higher	17	BGLA HA, 黑龙江, EDM5189, IL-36, IL-34, G0584001, 资源- 173-3289, 资源136-21490058, 资源71-CA2, 21099-2316, 金山本地大麦, 71200TTN, ZDM5430, 7DCADA, ZDM5458, EZ04V021W, IL-54 BGLA HA, HLJ, EDM5189, IL-36, IL-34, G0584001, ZY-173- 3289, ZY136-21490058, ZY71-CA2, 21099-2316, JSBD barley, 71200TTN, ZDM5430, 7DCADA, ZDM5458, EZ04V021W, IL-54	100%
	显著低 Significantly lower	7	118ZDM5512, 沾益红毛大麦, IL-49, ZYM21, 7极亲本抗病154, IL-48, IL-20 118ZDM5512, ZYHM barley, IL-49, ZYM21, 7JQBKB154, IL-48, IL-20	< 95%
发芽指数GI	显著高 Significantly higher	6	资源71-CA2, Z1920057W, 21099-2316, 金山本地大麦, 71200TTN, E02703897 ZY71-CA2, Z1920057W, 21099-2316, JSBD Barley, 71200TTN, E02703897	> 30
	显著低 Significantly lower	5	资源69-G231M004M, 资源144-C7067705, 菲特36, G0584001, G0401018K-1 ZY69-G231M004M, ZY144-C7067705, FT36, G0584001, G0401018K-1	< 22
活力指数VI	显著高 Significantly higher	4	Z1920057W, 21099-2316, E02703897, 7DCADA	> 0.5
	显著低 Significantly lower	3	资源69-G231M004M, 资源144-C7067705, 菲特36 ZY69-G231M004M, ZY144-C7067705, FT36	< 0.4
单株干重SSDW (mg)	显著高 Significantly higher	8	GR5-419网8, BM13-007413, ZYM21, Z1920057W, 21099-2316, ZDM5430, E02703897, 7DCADA GR5-419W8, BM13-007413, ZYM21, Z1920057W, 21099-2316, ZDM5430, E02703897, 7DCADA	> 17
	显著低 Significantly lower	2	资源144-C7067705, IL-48 ZY144-C7067705, IL-48	< 15
根长RL (cm)	显著高 Significantly higher	5	118ZDM5512, 2117W46V, BE-ATRJX, GR5-419网8, ZDM5430 118ZDM5512, 2117W46V, BE-ATRJX, GR5-419W8, ZDM5430	> 12.4
	显著低 Significantly lower	3	资源69-G231M004M, 资源144-C7067705, 菲特36 ZY69-G231M004M, ZY144-C7067705, FT36	< 10.2
苗长SL (cm)	显著高 Significantly higher	3	金山本地大麦, ZDM5430, ZYM21 JSBD barley, ZDM5430, ZYM21	> 11.5
	显著低 Significantly lower	1	08京134 08J134	< 6
根冠比R/S	显著高 Significantly higher	4	2117W46V, 08京134, IL-48, IL-54 2117W46V, 08J134, IL-48, IL-54	> 1.6
	显著低 Significantly lower	3	资源69-G231M004M, 资源144-C7067705, 菲特36 ZY69-G231M004M, ZY144-C7067705, FT36	< 0.8

Table S1

Table S2

Comparison of differences in germination growth indexes of different barley germplasm resources under drought conditions"

指标 Index	类别 Category	品种数量 Number of cultivars	品种名称 Cultivar name	指标范围 Index range
发芽势GE (%)	显著高 Significantly higher	4	黄茫大麦92, 资源71-CA2, 21099-2316, 金山本地大麦 HM barley 92, ZY71-CA2, 21099-2316, JSBD barley	> 95%
	显著低 Significantly lower	11	Z1450066W, 丹青4号, EDM5189, BM13-007413, ZW20400211W, 资源144-C7067705, 菲特36, IL-12, Z133V057W, EZ04V021W, IL-48 Z1450066W, DQ4, EDM5189, BM13-007413, ZW20400211W, ZY144- C7067705, FT36, IL-12, Z133V057W, EZ04V021W, IL-48	< 70%
发芽率GP (%)	显著高 Significantly higher	6	黄茫大麦92, 资源71-CA2, 21099-2316, 金山本地大麦, ZDM5430, E02703897 HM barley 92, ZY71-CA2, 21099-2316, JSBD barley, ZDM5430, E02703897	> 98%
	显著低 Significantly lower	8	Z1450066W, BM13-007413, ZW20400211W, 资源144-C7067705, 菲特36, IL-12, Z133V057W, EZ04V021W Z1450066W, BM13-007413, ZW20400211W, ZY144-C7067705, FT36, IL-12, Z133V057W, EZ04V021W	< 95%
发芽指数GI	显著高 Significantly higher	5	资源71-CA2, Z1920057W, 金山本地大麦, 71200TTN, E02703897 ZY71-CA2, Z1920057W, JSBD barley, 71200TTN, E02703897	> 25
	显著低 Significantly lower	9	Z1450066W, EDM5189, ZW20400211W, 资源144-C7067705, 菲特36, IL-12, Z133V057W, EZ04V021W, IL-48 Z1450066W, EDM5189, ZW20400211W, ZY144-C7067705, FT36, IL-12, Z133V057W, EZ04V021W, IL-48	< 21
活力指数VI	显著高 Significantly higher	3	Z1920057W, 金山本地大麦, E02703897 Z1920057W, JSBD Barley, E02703897	> 0.4
	显著低 Significantly lower	11	Z1450066W, EDM5189, 菲特36, 资源136-21490058, IL-12, 7极亲本抗病154, Z133V057W, EZ04V021W, IL-48, IL-20, IL-54 Z1450066W, EDM5189, FT36, ZY136-21490058, IL-12, 7JQBKB154, Z133V057W, EZ04V021W, IL-48, IL-20, IL-54	< 0.3
单株干重SSDW (mg)	显著高 Significantly higher	8	资源71-CA2, ZYM21, Z1920057W, 21099-2316, 金山本地大麦, ZDM5430, E02703897, 7DCADA ZY71-CA2, ZYM21, Z1920057W, 21099-2316, JSBD barley, ZDM5430, E02703897, 7DCADA	> 15
	显著低 Significantly lower	20	Z1450066W, EDM5189, BM13-007413, 资源69-G231M004M, ZY 144-C7067, 菲特36, G0584001, 2046R0805, BONC785, ZY 136-21490, G0401018K-1, ZDM5458, IL-12, 7极亲本抗病154, Z133V057W, EZ04V021W, 08京134, IL-48, IL-20, IL-54 Z1450066W, EDM5189, BM13-007413, ZY69-G231M004M, ZY 144- C7067, FT36, G0584001, 2046R0805, BONC785, ZY 136-21490, G0401018K-1, ZDM5458, IL-12, 7JQBKB154, Z133V057W, EZ04V021W, 08J134, IL-48, IL-20, IL-54	< 12
根长RL (cm)	显著高 Significantly higher	4	黄茫大麦92, ZYM21, ZDM5430, E02703897 HM barley92, ZYM21, ZDM5430, E02703897	> 10.2
	显著低 Significantly lower	8	ZY 69-G231M, 菲特36, 2046R0805, G0401018K-1, IL-12, EZ04V021W, IL-20, IL-54 ZY 69-G231M, FT36, 2046R0805, G0401018K-1, IL-12, EZ04V021W, IL-20, IL-54	< 6.2
苗长SL (cm)	显著高 Significantly higher	4	金山本地大麦, 71200TTN, ZDM5430, E02703897 JSBD barley, 71200TTN, ZDM5430, E02703897	> 6.1
	显著低 Significantly lower	10	EDM5189, BM13-007413, ZY 69-G231M, ZY 144-C7067, G0584001, G0401018K-1, IL-12, 7极亲本抗病154, EZ04V021W, IL-54 EDM5189, BM13-007413, ZY 69-G231M, ZY 144-C7067, G0584001, G0401018K-1, IL-12, 7JQBKB154, EZ04V021W, IL-54	< 3.2
根冠比R/S	显著高 Significantly higher	6	EDM5189, ZDM5458, EZ04V021W, 08京134, IL-20, IL-54 EDM5189, ZDM5458, EZ04V021W, 08J134, IL-20, IL-54	> 2.3
	显著低 Significantly lower	1	EDM390404	< 1.5

Table S2

Fig. 1

Table S3

Table S4

Fig. 2

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基因号 Gene ID	基因名称 Gene name	上游引物序列 Upstream primer sequence (5'-3')	下游引物序列 Downstream primer sequence (5'-3')
EF101498.1	Actin	GCAACAGATCAGCACACTTCCA	GCTGACCCTGGTACTCCATTGT
LOC123424347	FPG	TTGTCAGAGCCTGGCCATTT	ACCTTCAGCAACCCCCAAAA
LOC123442698	OGG1	CATCGCACGGATCGAGAAGA	GCCAGCAACATACTTTGCCC

指标 Index	变异来源 Source of variation	基因型 Genotype	处理 Treatment	基因型×处理 Genotype × treatment
发芽势GE (%)	方差SS	132,851.200	225,625.000	13,399.074
	自由度DF	53	1	53
	均方差MS	2506.626	225,625.000	2460.360
	F值F-value	30.57^***	2751.662^***	30.006^***
发芽率GP (%)	方差SS	144,931.859	183,469.444	146,747.222
	自由度DF	53	1	53
	均方差MS	2734.563	183,469.444	2768.816
	F值F-value	30.011^***	2013.537^***	30.387^***
发芽指数GI	方差SS	10,195.863	16,337.371	1457.406
	自由度DF	53	1	53
	均方差MS	192.375	16,337.371	27.498
	F值F-value	88.527^***	7518.092^***	12.654^***
活力指数VI	方差SS	147.866	223.301	17.833
	自由度DF	53	1	53
	均方差MS	2.790	223.301	0.336
	F值F-value	93.957^***	7520.215^***	11.331^***
单株干重SSDW (mg)	方差SS	0.004	0.006	0.001
	自由度DF	53	1	53
	均方差MS	7.6510E-05	0.006	1.7580E-05
	F值F-value	45.705^***	3552.814^***	10.501^***
根长RL (cm)	方差SS	1287.199	1441.165	245.208
	自由度DF	53	1	53
	均方差MS	24.287	1441.165	4.627
	F值F-value	71.640^***	4251.089^***	13.647^***
苗长SL (cm)	方差SS	1143.616	3170.514	155.539
	自由度DF	53	1	53
	均方差MS	21.578	3170.514	2.935
	F值F-value	62.020^***	9112.909^***	8.435^***
根冠比 R/S	方差SS	1258.209	468.934	1271.404
	自由度DF	53	1	53
	均方差MS	23.740	468.934	23.989
	F值F-value	4.598^***	90.816^***	4.646^***

指标 Index	降幅 Decrease amplitude	品种数量 Number of cultivars	品种名称 Cultivar name
发芽势GE (%)	无影响No effect	4	黄茫大麦92, ZYM21, Z1920057W, ZY 71-CA2 HM barley 92, ZYM21, Z1920057W, ZY 71-CA2
发芽率GP (%)	无影响No effect	6	IL-49, ZY 71-CA2, 21099-2316, 金山本地大麦, ZDM5430, E02703897 IL-49, ZY 71-CA2, 21099-2316, JSBD barley, ZDM5430, E02703897
发芽指数GI	< 33%	3	金山本地大麦, 71200TTN, E02703897 JSBD barley, 71200TTN, E02703897
活力指数VI	< 44%	5	黄茫大麦92, 金山本地大麦, ZDM5430, E02703897, 7DCADA HM barley 92, JSBD Barley, ZDM5430, E02703897, 7DCADA
单株干重SSDW (mg)	< 13%	4	IL-48, IL-54, IL-20, EZ04V021W
根长RL (cm)	< 16%	3	ZY 144-C7067, ZY 71-CA2, ZYM21
苗长SL (cm)	< 38%	3	黄茫大麦92, 金山本地大麦, 71200TTN HM barley 92, JSBD barley, 71200TTN

指标 Index	降幅 Decrease amplitude	品种数量 Number of cultivars	品种名称 Cultivar name
发芽势GE (%)	40%-50%	4	118ZDM5512, BGLA HA, 33329, DM-1300
发芽率GP (%)	60%-80%	3	ZDM5160, TRADI70W, BONC785
发芽指数GI	60%-70%	8	BE-ATRJX, 118ZDM5512, GR5-419网8, BGLA HA, 沾益红毛大麦, IL-53, GERTR0V, 33329 BE-ATRJX, 118ZDM5512, GR5-419W8, BGLA HA, ZYHM Barley, IL-53, GERTR0V, 33329
活力指数VI	60%-75%	12	E03V005W, IL-49, IL-36, IL-3, Z145V020W, IL-34, 21099-2316, 33329, BGLA HA, GERTR0V, 黑龙江, DM-1300 E03V005W, IL-49, IL-36, IL-3, Z145V020W, IL-34, 21099-2316, 33329, BGLA HA, GERTR0V, HLJ, DM-1300
单株干重SSDW (g)	40%-60%	9	BE-ATRJX, 118ZDM5512, ZDM5160, GR5-419网8, TRADI70W, 33329, IL-3, DM-1300, ZY 144-C7067 BE-ATRJX, 118ZDM5512, ZDM5160, GR5-419W8, TRADI70W, 33329, IL-3, DM-1300, ZY 144-C7067
根长RL (cm)	30%-35%	6	GR5-419网8, TRADI70W, GERTR0V, E03V005W, IL-3, DM-1300 GR5-419W8, TRADI70W, GERTR0V, E03V005W, IL-3, DM-1300
苗长SL (cm)	52%-60%	5	沾益红毛大麦, 黑龙江, E03V005W, IL-3, Z145V020W ZYHM barley, HLJ, E03V005W, IL-3, Z145V020W

Differences and correlations in physiological and molecular mechanisms of barley germination under drought stress

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