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Genetic dissection of the albino hull mutations in barley (Hordeum vulgare L.)

SUN Man1,2,AN Chao-Dan2,GAO Guang-Qi2,GUO Jie1,YANG Ping2,JIANG Cong-Cong2,*   

  1. 1 College of Agriculture, Shanxi Agricultural University, Jinzhong 030801, Shanxi, China; 2 Key Laboratory of Grain Crop Genetic Resources Evaluation and Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs / Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
  • Received:2024-03-01 Revised:2024-06-20 Accepted:2024-06-20 Published:2024-07-15
  • Supported by:
    This study was supported by Agricultural Science and Technology Innovation Program of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (Young Talent Project granted to Ping Yang).

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Abstract:

Lemma and palea are the outermost organs on each floret of barley (Hordeum vulgare L.), where the majority of spike photosynthesis occurs, supplying carbohydrates to the developing grains. The barley albino hull (alh) mutants, obtained from EMS mutagenesis, showed albinistic lemma and palea, as well as albinistic pulvini, stem nodes, and stem bases, while the leaves and awns remain green. In this study, multiple allelic alh mutants were identified, and segregating populations were generated accordingly. Genetic analysis indicated that a single recessive gene is responsible for the alh phenotype. Through re-sequencing of the candidate gene in multiple alh mutants, and co-segregation tests using competitive allele-specific PCR (KASP) markers, loss-of-function mutations in the gene HvGLK2 were shown to account for the alh phenotype. Each of the three independent mutations identified in this study is distinct from previously reported albino lemma variants such as alm1 or ebu-a. HvGLK2 encodes a Golden 2-like (GLK2) transcription factor, belonging to the GARP subfamily of MYB transcription factors, and has a paralog designated GLK1 in most monocot and dicot species. The temporal and spatial expression patterns showed that HvGLK2 is abundantly transcribed in senescent leaves, lemmas, and rachises. This study highlights the importance of HvGLK2 in chlorophyll synthesis in various organs, including lemma, palea, and stem nodes of barley plants. Moreover, it provides valuable materials for further studies aimed at evaluating the contribution of spike photosynthesis to the eventual grain yield.

Key words: barley, hull, albino mutant, HvGLK2, loss-of-function

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