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Acta Agronomica Sinica ›› 2025, Vol. 51 ›› Issue (10): 2727-2737.doi: 10.3724/SP.J.1006.2025.51037

• TILLAGE & CULTIVATION·PHYSIOLOGY & BIOCHEMISTRY • Previous Articles     Next Articles

Yield advantages and nitrogen utilization characteristics of oat and legume strip intercropping in semi-arid zones

CHEN Min1,2(), JIA Rong1,2, ZHANG Jin-Chuan1,2, ZHANG Chen-Yu1,2, CHU Jun-Cong1,2, YAO Wei1,2, GE Jun-Yong3, WANG Xing-Yu3, YANG Ya-Dong1,2, ZENG Zhao-Hai1,2, ZANG Hua-Dong1,2,*()   

  1. 1State Key Laboratory of Maize Bio-Breeding, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
    2Key Laboratory of Farming system, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
    3Zhangjiakou Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhangjiakou 075000, Hebei, China
  • Received:2025-04-09 Accepted:2025-07-09 Online:2025-10-12 Published:2025-07-16
  • Contact: *E-mail: zanghuadong@cau.edu.cn E-mail:18801291815@163.com;zanghuadong@cau.edu.cn
  • Supported by:
    National Key Research and Development Program of China(2022YFD1901100);China Agriculture Research System of MOF and MARA(CARS-07-B-5);China Agriculture Research System of MOF and MARA(CARS-07-A-6)

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Abstract:

To investigate the effects of oat/legumes intercropping on crop yield and nitrogen utilization in the semi-arid northern region, a field experiment was conducted in Zhangbei county, Hebei province, in 2019. The study analyzed crop yield, nitrogen use efficiency, soil nutrients, and soil enzyme activities. Five treatments were applied as oat||soybean intercropping, oat||red kidney bean intercropping, oat monoculture, soybean monoculture, and red kidney bean monoculture. Both the land equivalent ratio and nitrogen yield equivalent ratio for oat||soybean and oat||red kidney bean intercropping were greater than 1, primarily due to increased oat yields despite reduced legume yields. Specifically, oat yields in the oat||soybean and oat||red kidney bean intercropping increased by 18.2%-32.9% and 24.8%-44.8% compared to oat monoculture, respectively. The partial factor productivity of nitrogen for oat was 1.08 and 0.77, respectively, indicating that the nitrogen utilization advantage of intercropping was mainly attributable to oat. Furthermore, oat nitrogen uptake increased by 52.4% and 115.8% in the oat||soybean and oat||red kidney bean intercropping, respectively, while total plant nitrogen uptake increased by 40.6% and 112.8% compared to oat monoculture. These results suggest that enhanced nitrogen absorption and utilization is a key factor contributing to the yield advantage of intercropped oat. Further analysis revealed that the oat||red kidney bean intercropping significantly increased soil nitrogen-acquisition enzyme activity by 24.1%-56.5%, thereby promoting nitrogen transformation and utilization, as evidenced by a 19.2% increase in soluble nitrogen content in the rhizosphere soil of intercropped oat. In the oat||soybean intercropping system, biological nitrogen fixation by soybean increased the ammonium nitrogen content in the rhizosphere soil by 31.8%. In conclusion, the oat||legume strip intercropping improves crop yield and nitrogen utilization by either enhancing soil nitrogen-acquisition enzyme activity to accelerate soluble nitrogen release or by increasing ammonium nitrogen availability via biological nitrogen fixation. Promoting this intercropping system in the semi-arid northern region could optimize nitrogen management, enhance system productivity, and support sustainable regional agricultural development.

Key words: semi-arid zone, nitrogen equivalent ratio, oats, soybeans, oats, red kidney beans, soil nutrients

Fig. 1

Yield and land equivalent ratio (a) and (b) are land equivalent ratios and yields for intercropping oats with soya and red kidney beans in 2022, respectively. (c) and (d) are land equivalent ratios and yields for intercropping oats with soya and red kidney bean in 2023, respectively. In Fig. (a), O represents oats, S represents soya beans, and R represents red kidney beans. In Fig. (b), legend O represents single crop oats, OS-O oats intercropped with soya, OR-O represents oats intercropped with red kidney beans, S represents single crop soya, OS-S represents soya intercropped with oats, R represents red represents kidney beans in single crop, and OR-R represents red kidney beans intercropped with oats. Different lowercase letters for the same crop in the same year indicate significant differences (P < 0.05)."

Fig. 2

Nitrogen yield equivalence ratio and total nitrogen uptake (a) is the nitrogen yield equivalent ratio of oats intercropped with soya beans and red kidney beans, and (b) is the nitrogen yield. Different lowercase letters indicate significant differences (P < 0.05). Abbreviations are the same as those given in Fig. 1."

Fig. 3

Nitrogen uptake and concentration (a) is seed N uptake of oats intercropped with soya and red kidney bean, (b) is seed N content of oats intercropped with soya and red kidney bean, (c) is plant N uptake of oats intercropped with soya and red kidney bean, and (d) is plant N content of oats intercropped with soya and red kidney bean. Different lowercase letters indicate significant differences (P < 0.05). Abbreviations are the same as those given in Fig. 1."

Fig. 4

Effect values of physico-chemical properties and enzyme activities of inter-root soil The effect value is the ratio of the difference between intercropping and monocropping. (a): physico-chemical properties and enzyme activity effect values for inter-cropping oats with soya beans; (b): physico-chemical properties and enzyme activity effect values for inter-cropping oats with red kidney beans. TN: total nitrogen; NO3--N: nitrate nitrogen content; NH4+-N: ammonium nitrogen content; DON: dissolved organic nitrogen; MBC: microbial biomass carbon; MBN: microbial biomass nitrogen; NAG: N-acetyl aminoglucosidase; LEU: L-leucine aminopeptidase; ALP: alkaline phosphatase. * indicates significant differences in effect values between intercrops and corresponding monocrops."

Fig. 5

Factors affecting nitrogen yield (a): factors affecting N yield in oats, (b): actors affecting N yield in soybeans; (c): factors affecting N yield in red kidney beans. SWC: water content; pH: acidity and alkalinity; Soil TN: total nitrogen in soil; NO3?-N: nitrate nitrogen content; NH4+-N: ammonium nitrogen content; AN: available nitrogen content; AP: available phosphorus; DOC: dissolved organic carbon; DON: dissolved organic nitrogen; MBC: microbial biomass carbon; MBN: microbial biomass nitrogen; NAG: N-acetyl aminoglucosidase; LEU: L-leucine aminopeptidase; N-acq: activity of nitrogen acquisition enzyme; ALP: alkaline phosphatase; Plant N conc.: plant nitrogen concentration; Seed N conc.: seed nitrogen concentration; *: P < 0.05, **: P < 0.01, ***: P < 0.001."

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