稻油轮作下秸秆还田对土壤养分和作物产量的影响

doi:10.3724/SP.J.1006.2024.32045

Abstract

Abstract:

A seven-year field study from 2016 to 2023 was conducted on typical paddy soil in Jiujing city, Jiangxi province, to evaluate the effects of different straw returning methods on soil nutrients and crop yield in a rice-rapeseed rotation system in the middle-lowerYangtze Plain of China. The study included four treatments: no straw returning (CK), rice straw returning during the rapeseed season (T1), rapeseed straw returning during the rice season (T2), and straw returning during both the rape and rice seasons (T3). Measurements of shoot and root dry matter, crop yield, and soil nutrient content were taken at key growth stages during the 2022 rice season and the 2022-2023 rape season. The results indicated that, compared with CK, straw returning significantly increased soil pH and the contents of organic matter, and N, P, K, and other nutrients. The T3 treatment was particularly effective, significantly increasing soil pH by 9.7% and 12.9%, alkali-nitrogen by 32.9% and 25.5%, available phosphorus by 33.5% and 24.3%, available potassium by 56.3% and 58.6%, total nitrogen by 22.9% and 33.0%, and organic matter by 26.6% and 50.8% (P < 0.05) in the rice and rape seasons, respectively. Dry matter accumulation in rice initially increased and then decreased as the growth period extended. The T2 treatment significantly promoted dry matter accumulation, whereas the T3 treatment inhibited it during the early stages of rice growth. Compared with straw removal, straw returning increased rice grain yield, with the largest increase of 13.9% observed in the T2 treatment (P < 0.05). In rapeseed, dry matter accumulation continued to increase with the growth period, and the T2 treatment most significantly promoted this accumulation. Compared with CK, the T2 treatment resulted in the largest increase in rapeseed grain yield, by 20.0% (P < 0.05). Correlation analysis showed that available potassium was significantly positively correlated with the rice seed setting rate (r = 0.84^**, P < 0.01). Total nitrogen and available potassium were significantly positively correlated with the number of pods per plant (r = 0.705^*, r = 0.623^*, P < 0.05) and rape yield (r = 0.623^*, r = 0.690^*, P < 0.05). These findings suggest that the major reason for the yield increase may be the elevated content of soil total nitrogen and available potassium due to straw returning. Considering soil nutrients, dry matter accumulation, and crop yield, rape straw returning during the rice season (T2) performed best and could be recommended for promotion and application in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River.

Key words: oil rice rotation, returning straw to the field, soil nutrients, dry matter accumulation, yield

CHE Pin-Gao, CHEN Guo-Hui, CAO Guo-Jun, GAO Bing-Ke, CHEN Yan-Fang, XIONG Wen, YING Zhi-Hong, ZHOU Qing-You. Effects of straw return on soil nutrients and crop yield in rice-rapeseed rotation[J].Acta Agronomica Sinica, 2024, 50(12): 3118-3128.

Figures/Tables 6

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年份 Year	处理 Treatment	株高 Plant height (cm)	有效穗数 Effective panicle (hm⁻²)	穗粒数 Grains per ear	穗实粒数 Grain number per spike	结实率 Seed-setting rate (%)	千粒重 1000-grain weight (g)	产量 Yield (kg·hm⁻²)	收获指数 Harvest index
2021	CK	107.8±1.90 b	258.3±12.68 ab	194.6±2.35 b	158.4±1.84 b	81.39±1.88 a	21.27±0.90 a	6962.00±159.19 b	0.54±0.01 a
	T1	110.5±1.90 ab	233.0±11.85 c	190.9±3.62 b	142.2±1.79 c	74.46±1.46 c	21.47±0.19 a	7198.40±154.45 ab	0.52±0.01 ab
	T2	113.4±2.26 a	274.1±9.21 a	207.3±2.08 a	164.6±1.79 a	79.38±0.10 ab	21.59±0.06 a	7923.80±61.47 a	0.49±0.01 c
	T3	107.9±1.36 b	251.3±5.12 bc	203.8±2.26 a	157.8±2.08 b	77.39±1.84 b	21.73±0.06 a	7214.75±143.82 ab	0.51±0.02 bc
2022	CK	108.9±1.62 b	233.9±8.21 b	187.0±2.21 b	144.0±2.54 b	76.97±1.40 c	20.98±0.37 a	6686.55±80.71 c	0.54±0.01 a
	T1	109.9±2.89 ab	226.1±4.20 b	187.3±1.56 b	154.6±2.18 a	82.53±0.53 a	20.78±0.41 a	6918.00±102.05 b	0.52±0.01 b
	T2	112.9±1.94 a	285.2±13.53 a	192.6±1.58 a	153.8±3.87 a	79.87±1.37 b	20.81±0.29 a	7617.90±37.53 a	0.50±0.01 b
	T3	106.1±1.15 b	220.8±4.65 b	181.9±2.70 c	147.3±2.48 b	80.98±0.90 ab	21.02±0.44 a	6829.35±80.68 bc	0.54±0.01 a

年份 Year	处理 Treatment	株高 Plant height (cm)	分枝高度 Branch height (cm)	一级有效分枝数 Number of primary effective	单株主角果数 Number of main pods per plant	单株分枝角果数 Number of branch pods per plant	每角粒数 Seed number per pod	产量 Yield (kg hm⁻²)	收获指数 Harvest index
2022	CK	153.7±2.21 a	52.00±1.15 b	6.84±0.27 a	58.84±3.10 b	125.76±8.10 c	26.92±2.74 a	1853.32±29.23 c	0.28±0.01 a
	T1	148.8±1.47 b	56.52±2.87 ab	6.83±0.18 a	64.05±4.05 ab	178.47±4.98 a	27.55±1.92 a	1964.22±57.71 b	0.27±0.01 a
	T2	153.4±2.90 a	53.87±3.39 b	6.70±0.15 a	68.29±1.11 a	175.60±7.17 a	27.71±1.06 a	2304.75±41.48 a	0.24±0.01 b
	T3	142.6±2.71 c	60.63±3.44 a	6.21±0.32 b	62.81±2.31 b	147.83±6.17 b	26.26±2.21 a	2035.68±79.74 b	0.25±0.01 b
2023	CK	147.3±4.05 b	65.89±3.42 a	5.89±0.32 b	57.44±3.02 ab	113.19±10.48 c	28.89±2.53 a	1777.78±83.85 c	0.29±0.00 a
	T1	149.9±3.02 b	65.78±2.80 a	6.25±0.38 b	54.33±3.18 b	165.11±6.85 a	29.20±1.33 a	1855.56±47.67 bc	0.28±0.01 b
	T2	156.2±4.33 a	63.22±3.29 ab	6.89±0.16 a	61.89±4.68 a	171.22±12.51 a	29.67±1.76 a	2133.30±33.30 a	0.27±0.01 c
	T3	149.2±3.97 b	59.44±3.56 b	5.94±0.31 b	55.56±1.50 b	140.78±7.03 b	30.00±0.88 a	1938.92±38.48 b	0.28±0.01 b

种植季 Cultivation season	处理 Treatment	pH	有效磷 Available P (mg kg^-1)	速效钾 Available K (mg kg^-1)	碱解氮 Alkali N (mg kg^-1)	全氮 Total N (g kg^-1)	有机质 Organic matter (g kg^-1)
水稻季 Rice season	CK	5.78±0.06 b	15.71±0.60 c	57.22±1.34 d	98.29±1.22 b	1.09±0.08 b	16.82±0.55 b
	T1	5.95±0.17 ab	17.98±0.77 b	85.30±1.38 b	107.72±4.80 b	1.30±0.08 ab	18.68±0.81 ab
	T2	6.30±0.04 a	19.76±0.69 a	79.64±0.63 c	108.59±8.45 b	1.22±0.06 ab	18.68±1.61 ab
	T3	6.34±0.28 a	20.97±0.36 a	89.46±1.01 a	130.65±3.98 a	1.34±0.11 a	21.30±2.16 a
油菜季 Rape season	CK	5.19±0.04 b	16.92±0.29 c	56.39±1.25 c	95.82±1.92 b	1.03±0.08 b	15.19±0.23 c
	T1	5.26±0.01 b	18.81±0.03 ab	74.48±2.92 b	104.98±7.50 ab	1.27±0.06 a	19.69±0.42 b
	T2	5.46±0.11 b	18.56±0.73 b	84.84±3.83 a	97.98±6.30 b	1.33±0.05 a	19.34±0.92 b
	T3	5.86±0.18 a	21.04±1.51 a	89.46±1.01 a	120.23±6.22 a	1.37±0.08 a	22.90±0.79 a

Effects of straw return on soil nutrients and crop yield in rice-rapeseed rotation

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