Welcome to Acta Agronomica Sinica，

Acta Agron Sin ›› 2010, Vol. 36 ›› Issue (1): 133-140.doi: 10.3724/SP.J.1006.2010.00133

• TILLAGE & CULTIVATION · PHYSIOLOGY & BIOCHEMISTRY • Previous Articles     Next Articles

Changes in Grain Yield and Morphological and Physiological Characteristics during 60-year Evolution of Japonica rice Cultivars in Jiangsu Province,China

ZHANG Hao,TAN Gui-Lu,XUE Ya-Guang,LIU Li-Jun,YANG Jian-Chang*   

  1. Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology of Jiangsu Province,Yangzhou University,Yangzhou 225009,China
  • Received:2009-07-21 Revised:2009-10-07 Online:2010-01-12 Published:2009-11-17
  • Contact: YANG Jian-Chang, E-mail: jcyang@yzu.edu.cn

PDF

1485

Abstract:

Great progress has been made in japonica rice breeding. However, little is known about physiological and agronomical features responsible for the improvement. In this study, 12 typical japonica rice cultivars (including super rice) applied in the production in Jiangsu province during the last 60 years were used, and classified into six types of 1950s, 1960s, 1970s, 1980s, and 1990s in the 20th century and since 2000 according to their application times. All the tested cultivars were grown in the field and the evolution characteristics of grain yield and its components, source-sink relationships, morphology and physiology were investigated. Results showed that the grain yield was progressively increased with the evolution of the cultivars. Increase in grain yield was attributed mainly to the increase in total number of spikelets, which resulted mainly from large panicles. The percentage of filled grains was increased for cultivars from 1950s to 1980s in 20th century, whereas it was decreased for those at 1990s in 20th century and since 2000. There was no significant difference in 1000-grain weight among the six types of cultivars. With the improvement of rice cultivars, biomass, especially after heading, and harvest index were simultaneously increased. At main growth stages, with the improvement of rice cultivars, root dry weight, root-shoot ratio, root oxidation activity and leaf photosynthetic rate were increased significantly, but root oxidation activity and leaf photosynthetic rate during grain filing for super rice were declined rapidly. Improvement of rice cultivars significantly increased total, effective, high-effective leaf areas and grain-leaf ratio (the ratio of total spikelet number to leaf area) at heading, and increased panicle length, number of primary and secondary panicle branches greatly. From 1950s to 1990s in the 20th century, plant height was reduced, while it was increased significantly for super rice since 2000, with a plant height of about 120 cm. The leaf angle of the top three leaves on stems were significantly decreased with the improvement of rice cultivars. The results indicate that agronomical and physiological characteristics of japonica cultivars are improved during the evolution, and low percentage of filled grains limits grain yield potential in super rice cultivars.

Key words: Japonica rice, Evolution, Grain yield, Morphology, Physiology, Super rice


[1] Ling Q-H(凌启鸿). Quality of Crop Population (作物群体质量). Shanghai: Shanghai Scientific and Technical Publishers, 2000. pp 42-120 (in Chinese)


[2] Kong X-D(孔祥斗), Zhang H-X(张洪熙), Liu X-J(刘晓静). Development of economical characters of japonica variety and prospects of high yield breeding. Jiangsu Agric Sci (江苏农业科学), 1997, (3): 2-16 (in Chinese)


[3] Wang B-L(王伯伦), Liu X-A(刘新安), Chen J(陈健). Analysis of rice production progress in Liaoning province since 1949. J Shenyang Agric Univ (沈阳农业大学学报), 2002, 33(2): 83-86 (in Chinese with English abstract)


[4] Shao G-J(邵国军), Qiu F-L(邱福林), Han Y(韩勇). Comparison of old and new rice varieties in Liaoning province. Liaoning Agric Sci (辽宁农业科学), 1998, (1): 12-17 (in Chinese)


[5] Jin J-S(金建松), Xia Y-L(夏有龙). Develop principles of japonica rice in Jiangsu province and its techniques. Jiangsu Agric Sci (江苏农业科学), 1998, (1): 6-10 (in Chinese)


[6] Yang J-C(杨建昌), Wang P(王朋), Liu L-J(刘立军), Wang Z-Q(王志琴), Zhu Q-S(朱庆森). Evolution characteristics of grain yield and plant type for mid-season indica rice cultivars. Acta Agron Sin (作物学报), 2006, 32(7): 949-955 (in Chinese with English abstract)


[7] Yuan J(袁江), Wang D-Y(王丹英), Ding Y-F(丁艳锋), Liao X-Y(廖西元), Zhang X-F(章秀福), Wang S-H(王绍华). Evolution characteristics of plant type during genetic improvement in early season indica rice. Chin J Rice Sci (中国水稻科学), 2009, 23(3): 277-281 (in Chinese with English abstract)


[8] Yang J-C(杨建昌), Wang Z-Q(王志琴), Zhu Q-S(朱庆森). Effect of nitrogen nutrient on rice yield and its physiological mechanism under different status of soil moisture. Sci Agric Sin (中国农业科学), 1996, 29(4): 58-66 (in Chinese with English abstract)


[9] Mohapatra P K, Sahu S K. Heterogeneity of primary branch development and spikelet survival in rice in relation to assimilates of primary branches. J Exp Bot, 1991, 42: 871-879


[10] Ling Q-H(凌启鸿), Yang J-C(杨建昌). Studies on “grain-leaf ratio” of population and cultural approaches of high yield in rice plants. Sci Agric Sin (中国农业科学), 1986, 19(3): 1-8 (in Chinese with English abstract)


[11] Zheng J-S(郑景生), Huang Y-M(黄育民). Thrust and practice of super high yielding rice production in China. Mol Plant Breed (分子植物育种), 2003, 1(5): 585-596 (in Chinese with English abstract)


[12] Wang W-M(王文明). The status and prospect of super high yield breeding in rice. Southwest China J Agric Sci (西南农业学报), 1998, 11(2): 7-12 (in Chinese with English abstract)


[13] Yuan L-P(袁隆平). Hybrid rice breeding for super high yield. Hybrid Rice (杂交水稻), 2000, 15(2): 31-33 (in Chinese with English abstract)


[14] Zou Y-B(邹应斌), Zhou S-Y(周上游), Tang Q-Y(唐启源). Status and prospect of high yielding cultivation researches on China super rice. J Hunan Agric Univ (Nat Sci Edn) (湖南农业大学学报·自然科学版), 2003, 29(1): 78-84 (in Chinese with English abstract)


[15] Cheng S H, Zhuang J Y, Fan Y Y, Du J H, Cao L Y. Progress in research and development on hybrid rice: A super-domesticate in China. Ann Bot, 2007, 100: 959-966


[16] Peng S B, Khush G S, Virk P, Tang Q Y, Zou Y B. Progress in ideotype breeding to increase rice yield potential. Field Crops Res, 2008, 108: 32-38


[17] Zhang H, Xue Y G, Wang Z Q, Yang J C, Zhang J H. Morphological and physiological traits of roots and their relationships with shoot growth in “super” rice. Field Crops Res, 2009, 113: 31-40


[18] Zhang H, Zhang S F, Yang J C, Zhang J H, Wang Z Q. Postanthesis moderate wetting drying improves both quality and quantity of rice yield. Agron J, 2008, 100: 726-734


[19] Peng S B, Gassman K G, Virmani S S, Sheehy J, Khush G S. Yield potential trends of tropical rice since release of IR8 and the challenge of increasing rice yield potential. Crop Sci, 1999, 39: 1552-1559
Yang J C, Peng S B, Zhang Z J, Wang Z Q, Visperas R M, Zhu Q S. Grain yield and dry matter yields and partitioning of assimilates in japonica/indica hybrid rice. Crop Sci, 2002, 42: 766-772
[1] Ma Sheng-Qian, Wang Zhi-Ping, Chen Hao-Tian, Dou Shu-Xian, Zhang Yan, Deng Ai-Xing, Zhang Wei-Jian, Yuan Xiang-Yang, Song Zhen-Wei. Effects of tillage methods and nitrogen application rate on maize yield and soil aggregates in northeastern China under straw returning [J]. Acta Agronomica Sinica, 2026, 52(6): 1802-1816.
[2] Guo Xing-Yu, Hu Dan, Lin Su-Qi, Wang Meng-Kai, Tan Wen-Feng, Huang Chuan-Qin. Biochar combined with chemical fertilizer increases maize yield and soil ecosystem multifunctionality in an intercropped maize-soybean [J]. Acta Agronomica Sinica, 2026, 52(5): 1536-1547.
[3] Zhang Zhen, Feng Lian-Jie, Shi Yu, Yu Zhen-Wen, Zhang Yong-Li. Yield formation of wheat with different ear types under water-saving supplementary irrigation conditions [J]. Acta Agronomica Sinica, 2026, 52(5): 1522-1535.
[4] Kuai Jie, Lou Hong-Xiang, Tan Xiao-Qiang, Gao Geng-Dong, Shao Dong-Li, Xiao Sheng-Nan, Zhao Jie, Xu Zheng-Hua, Wang Jing, Wang Bo, Zhou Guang-Sheng. Physiological basis and practical strategies for enhancing rapeseed yield under direct seeding [J]. Acta Agronomica Sinica, 2026, 52(4): 982-992.
[5] YANG Ting-Ting, CHEN Juan, ABDUL Rehman, LI Jing, YAN Su-Hui, WANG Jian-Lai, LI Wen-Yang. Effects of weak light post-anthesis on dry matter accumulation and translocation, grain yield, and starch quality in soft wheat [J]. Acta Agronomica Sinica, 2025, 51(8): 2204-2219.
[6] CAI Jin-Shan, LI Chao-Nan, WANG Jing-Yi, LI Ning, LIU Yu-Ping, JING Rui-Lian, LI Long, SUN Dai-Zhen. Genome-wide association study of root traits in wheat seedlings and identification of a superior allele at TaSRL-3B [J]. Acta Agronomica Sinica, 2025, 51(8): 2020-2032.
[7] ZHANG Shi-Bo, LI Hong-Yan, LI Pei-Fu, REN Rui-Hua, LU Hai-Dong. Effects of a 3-4℃ increase in air temperature under natural conditions on root-shoot senescence and yield in plastic-film mulched maize [J]. Acta Agronomica Sinica, 2025, 51(6): 1599-1617.
[8] WANG Dong, WANG Sen, SHANG Li, FENG Hao-Wei, ZHANG Yong-Qiao, CUI Jia-Ming, LI Shuang, ZHANG Jia-Cong, CHE Huan. Effect of supplementary irrigation on winter wheat yield and water use efficiency in semi humid areas of the Loess Plateau [J]. Acta Agronomica Sinica, 2025, 51(5): 1312-1325.
[9] MENG Fan-Qi, FANG Meng-Ying, LUO Yi, LU Lin, DONG Xue-Rui, WANG Ya-Fei, GUO Li-Na, YAN Peng, DONG Zhi-Qiang, ZHANG Feng-Lu. Effect of ethephon betaine salicylic acid mixture on heat resistance and yield of summer maize [J]. Acta Agronomica Sinica, 2025, 51(5): 1299-1311.
[10] WENG Wen-An, XING Zhi-Peng, HU Qun, WEI Hai-Yan, LIAO Ping, ZHU Hai-Bin, QU Ji-Wei, LI Xiu-Li, LIU Gui-Yun, GAO Hui, ZHANG Hong-Cheng. Study on yield formation characteristics, energy and economic benefits of unmanned dry direct-seeding rice [J]. Acta Agronomica Sinica, 2025, 51(5): 1363-1377.
[11] ZHOU En-Qiang, MIAO Ya-Mei, ZHOU Yao, YAO Meng-Nan, ZHAO Na, WANG Yong-Qiang, ZHU Yu-Xiang, XUE Dong, LI Zong-Di, SHI Yu-Xin, LI Bo, WANG Kai-Hua, GU Chun-Yan, WANG Xue-Jun, WEI Li-Bin. Analysis of bZIP gene family and identification of seed development candidate genes in pea based on seed development transcriptome [J]. Acta Agronomica Sinica, 2025, 51(4): 914-931.
[12] LIU Jia-Hui, LI Yu-Long, WANG Ya-Ru, HE Hong, ZHANG Yun-Shu, WU Yu, ZENG Xiu-Li, LIU Ting-Hui, CHEN Guo-Yue, QI Peng-Fei, WEI Yu-Ming, JIANG Qian-Tao. Effects of natural variation in the SSIIa gene on starch composition and properties in Tibetan barley [J]. Acta Agronomica Sinica, 2025, 51(12): 3144-3156.
[13] DING Chao, DU Chang-Liang, XIE Jun-Hong, MENG Hao-Feng, WANG Lin-Lin, ZHOU Yong-Jie, LI Ze-Kun, LI Ling-Ling. Photosynthetic physiological mechanisms underlying improved grain yield and quality in dryland maize through nitrogen management [J]. Acta Agronomica Sinica, 2025, 51(11): 3080-3095.
[14] XU Lin-Shan, GAO Geng-Dong, WANG Yu, WANG Jia-Xing, YANG Ji-Zhao, WU Ya-Rui, ZHANG Xiao-Han, CHANG Ying, LI Zhen, XIE Xiong-Ze, GONG De-Ping, WANG Jing, GE Xian-Hong. Analysis of expression patterns of laccase gene family members in Brassica napus and their association with stem fracture resistance [J]. Acta Agronomica Sinica, 2025, 51(1): 134-148.
[15] WANG Li-Ping, LI Pan, ZHAO Lian-Hao, FAN Zhi-Long, HU Fa-Long, FAN Hong, HE Wei, CHAI Qiang, YIN Wen. Response of senescence characteristics for maize leaves under different plastic mulching and using patterns in oasis irrigation areas of northwestern China [J]. Acta Agronomica Sinica, 2025, 51(1): 233-246.
Viewed
Full text


Abstract

Cited
  Shared   
  Discussed   
No Suggested Reading articles found!
Add: No. 80 Xueyuan South Rd, Beijing 100081, P. R. China E-mail: zwxb301@caas.cn
Supported by Beijing Magtech Co.Ltd