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Acta Agron Sin ›› 2011, Vol. 37 ›› Issue (12): 2208-2220.doi: 10.3724/SP.J.1006.2011.02208

• TILLAGE & CULTIVATION · PHYSIOLOGY & BIOCHEMISTRY • Previous Articles     Next Articles

Influence of Planting Methods on Root System Morphological and Physiological Characteristics of Super Rice under High-yielding Cultivation Condition

LI Jie1,2,ZHANG Hong-Cheng1,*,CHANG Yong1,GONG Jin-Long1,HU Ya-Jie1,LONG Hou-Yuan1,DAI Qi-Gen1,HUO Zhong-Yang1,XU Ke1,WEI Hai-Yan1,GAO Hui1   

  1. 1 Innovation Center of Rice Cultivation Technology in Yangtze Rive Valley, Ministry of Agriculture / Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology of Jiangsu Province, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; 2 Jiangsu Crop Cultivation Technology Guidance Station, Nanjing 210036, China
  • Received:2011-03-31 Revised:2011-07-25 Online:2011-12-12 Published:2011-09-30
  • Contact: 张洪程, E-mail: hczhang@yzu.edu.cn; Tel: 0514-87979220

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Abstract: A field experiment was conducted to compare the root system morphological and physiological characteristics of two super rice cultivars (Huaidao9 and Xudao3) using three planting methods, i.e., precisionartificial transplanting with dry nursery middle and strong seedlings (AT), mechanical transplanting with small seedlings (MT) and direct seeding (DS). Results were as follows. (1) Yields of super rice under different planting methods were very significantly different. Compared with AT, yields of MT and DS reduced by 5.05% and 13.68%, respectively. (2) The population root number was DS>MT>AT, while the difference was decreasing with the growing process. Total population root length was shown to be DS>MT>AT at jointing and MT>AT>DS at heading and maturity. Root number per stem showed no significant difference among different planting methods, and total root length per stem was AT>MT>DS with generally significant difference. Length of single root was of no significant difference between AT and MT, though both were significantly higher than DS. As for root diameter, the result was AT>MT>DS and the difference among different planting methods was significant. (3) Population root dry weight showed no significant difference between MT and DS at jointing, that both had the extremely significantly higher value than AT. There was no significant difference among different planting methods at heading, but when at maturity it was AT>MT>DS and the difference was very significant. As for decreasing rate of population root dry weight after heading, it was DS>MT>AT with significant difference. Root dry weight per stem was AT>MT>DS through jointing, heading and maturity, and the difference among different planting methods was mostly very significant. Decreasing rate of root dry weight per stem after heading displayed no significant difference between DS and MT, but both of them had the significantly higher value than AT. Shoot dry weight reduced in order for AT, MT and DS, but root-shoot ratio increased in the same order. (4) Compared with AT, roots of MT and DS were mainly distributed within the soil layer of 0–10 cm underground, especially for DS, the root proportion in 0–5 cm soil layer could sum up to 65%. Ratio of root dry weight in 0–5 cm soil layer to total root weight increased in order for AT, MT and DS, while the ratios in the soil layers of 5–10 cm, 10–15 cm and >15 cm reduced in that order. (5) Population root absorption area showed no significant difference among different planting methods at jointing, performed as AT>MT>DS at heading with very significant difference, and, at maturity, showed no significant difference between MT and AT, both of which had the very significantly higher value than DS. Root absorption area per stem was of no significant difference between AT and MT at jointing and maturity while both had the very significantly higher value than DS, and was AT>MT>DS at heading with very significant difference. (6) Population root bleeding intensity after heading increased in order for AT, MT and DS, but root bleeding intensity per stem reduced in the same order. The results suggested that planting methods have significant influence on root morphological and physiological characteristics of super rice. The different single root length and diameter and the difference in root distribution pattern in soil layer are two most significant characteristics of rice roots under different planting methods. Compared with AT and MT, the DS method develops roots of shallower distribution, smaller single root length and diameter and higher population root number, though with shorter total root length per stem, lower root dry weight, and less absorption area and bleeding intensity after heading. Compared with AT, root diameter of MT was smaller, distribution shallower, after heading root dry weight of plant population and of single stem both lower and declining faster, and total root length and bleeding intensity per stem inferior.

Key words: Planting method, Super rice, High-yielding cultivation, Root system, Morphological, Physiological characteristics

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