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Acta Agronomica Sinica ›› 2018, Vol. 44 ›› Issue (03): 454-462.doi: 10.3724/SP.J.1006.2018.00454

• RESEARCH NOTES • Previous Articles     Next Articles

Effects of Straw Incorporation with Reducing Chemical Fertilizers on Nutrient Absorption and Utilization and Grain Yield of Double-cropping Late Rice under Mechanical Harvest

Yan-Hua ZENG(), Jian-Fu WU*(), Yong-Jun ZENG, Cheng-Gen FAN, Xue-Ming TAN, Xiao-Hua PAN*(), Qing-Hua SHI   

  1. Collaborative Innovation Center for the Modernization Production of Double Cropping Rice, Jiangxi Agricultural University / Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology, Ecology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Education, Nanchang 330045, Jiangxi, China
  • Received:2017-05-28 Accepted:2017-11-21 Online:2018-03-12 Published:2017-12-18
  • Contact: Jian-Fu WU,Xiao-Hua PAN E-mail:zyh74049501@163.com;wjf6711@126.com;xhuapan@163.com
  • Supported by:
    This study was supported by the National Science & Technology Support Plan (2013BAD07B12), the National Key R&D Program (2016YFD0300501, 2017YFD0301601), the Jiangxi Science & Technology Support Plan (2009BNA03800, 20171BBF60030) and China Postdoctoral Science Foundation Program (2016M600512).

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Abstract:

Replacing chemical fertilizer with straw incorporation is an important way to reduce fertilizer application and improve fertilizer efficiency. The objective of six year field location experiments under the same N, P, and K inputs, was to systematically explore the effects of straw incorporation and reducing chemical fertilizers on plant nutrient absorption and utilization under mechanical harvest, so as to provide a basic support for the reasonable utilization of straw resource, rice high yield and its nutrient management measure in the southern rice zone. The experiments were conducted being in the cultivated land quality monitoring station of Wenzhen town, Jiangxi province, Wufengyou T025, super hybrid late rice cultivar. Four treatments were included: total straw incorporation and reducing chemical fertilizers (SI+NPK), straw burning and reducing chemical fertilizers (SB+NPK), chemical fertilizers (NPK), and no chemical fertilizers (CK). The three fertilization treatments were with equal quantity of fertilizers (N 195 kg ha-1, P2O5 87.8 kg ha-1, and K2O 175.5 kg ha-1) whatever chemical and organic ones. The variation of rice yield and nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium uptake and their utilization efficiency were determined. SI+NPK of early rice in continuous six years was avail able to balance the panicle and spikelet, and hold steady grain yield of late rice, with the same level compared with SB+NPK and NPK. Compared with NPK treatment, SI+NPK treatment had lower N, P, K contents and accumulation at the vegetative growth stage including tillering stage and panicle initiation, but higher those at the reproductive stage such as heading stage and maturity stage. Moreover, the P, K accumulation was significantly increased in SI+NPK treatment. Compared with NPK treatment, SI+NPK treatment enhanced N, P, K fertilizer harvest index, agronomy efficiency (AE), recovery efficiency (RE) and partial factor productivity (PFP) significantly, but SB+NPK treatment only enhanced K fertilizer harvest index, AE, RE, and PFP significantly. Meanwhile, compared with SB+NPK treatment, SI+NPK treatment increased N, P, K fertilizer harvest index, AE, RE and PFP. Overall, straw incorporation replacing partial chemical fertilizer of early rice, in contrast to straw burning and chemical fertilizers application, is proved to be a feasible way to stabilize grain yield of late rice, enhance nutrient utilization efficiency, and realize the efficient utilization of soil nutrient resource in the southern rice zone.

Key words: field location experiments, equal N, P, K inputs, straw incorporation and reducing chemical fertilizers, grain yield, nutrient utilization efficiency

Table 1

Chemical fertilizer and organic manure application in different treatments (kg hm-2)"

处理
Treatment		 氮N 磷P2O5 钾K2O
化肥
Chemical fertilizer		 有机肥
Organic manure		 化肥
Chemical fertilizer		 有机肥
Organic manure		 化肥
Chemical fertilizer		 有机肥
Organic manure
SI+NPK 143.00 52.00 78.80 9.00 63.00 112.50
SB+NPK 193.06 1.94 81.00 6.80 60.00 115.50
NPK 195.00 0 87.80 0 175.50 0

Table 2

Effect of straw incorporation with reducing chemical fertilizers (SIRCF) on grain yield of double-cropping late rice"

处理
Treatment		 产量 Yield (t hm-2) 平均值
Average		 变异系数
CV (%)		 相比CK增产率
RYI to CK (%)		 相比NPK增产率RYI to NPK (%)
2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015
SI+NPK 8.12 b 8.72 a 9.00 a 9.58 a 9.17 a 8.60 a 8.86 a 5.66 67.64 2.80
SB+NPK 8.92 a 8.97 a 8.87 a 9.45 a 9.02 a 8.02 b 8.87 a 5.28 67.83 2.92
NPK 8.14 b 8.21 b 8.87 a 9.25 a 9.04 a 8.23 b 8.62 a 5.65 63.07 —
CK 5.95 c 5.11 c 6.17 b 5.10 b 4.80 b 4.60 c 5.29 b 11.92 — —

Table 3

Effect of SIRCF on yield components of double-cropping late rice"

年份
Year		 处理
Treatment		 有效穗数
Effective panicle
( ×104 hm-2 )		 每穗粒数
Spikelets per panicle		 结实率
Seed setting rate
(%)		 千粒重
1000-grain weight
(g)
2014 SI+NPK 276.2 a 160.2 a 93.14 ab 24.90 a
SB+NPK 270.6 a 155.5 ab 93.39 ab 24.76 a
NPK 284.7 a 151.5 b 91.47 b 24.84 a
CK 171.9 b 126.5 c 96.23 a 24.66 a
2015 SI+NPK 268.5 a 154.3 a 89.43 ab 25.01 a
SB+NPK 255.3 a 150.7 ab 88.05 b 24.66 a
NPK 280.6 a 140.4 b 89.34 ab 24.52 a
CK 193.1 b 115.5 c 93.15 a 24.27 a

Table 4

Effect of SIRCF on N content in organs of double-cropping late rice (mg g-1)"

处理
Treatment		 分蘖期TS 穗分化期PI 抽穗期HS 成熟期MS
茎鞘
SS		 叶
Leaf		 茎鞘
SS		 叶
Leaf		 茎鞘
SS		 叶
Leaf		 穗
Panicle		 茎鞘
SS		 叶
Leaf		 穗
Panicle
SI+NPK 17.30 b 35.90 b 6.07 b 19.97 b 10.33 a 27.97 a 14.37 ab 6.60 a 12.14 a 11.97 a
SB+NPK 17.40 b 34.80 b 7.37 ab 26.50 a 10.16 a 26.10 a 13.80 b 6.37 a 13.97 a 11.33 a
NPK 19.10 a 37.50 a 8.72 a 26.80 a 9.97 a 27.33 a 15.70 a 7.02 a 13.90 a 11.13 a
CK 11.50 c 27.10 c 5.02 c 17.97 b 5.15 b 14.87 b 8.31 c 3.10 b 6.55 b 7.91 b

Table 5

Effect of SIRCF on P content in organs of double-cropping late rice (mg g-1)"

处理
Treatment		 分蘖期TS 穗分化期PI 抽穗期HS 成熟期MS
茎鞘
SS		 叶
Leaf		 茎鞘
SS		 叶
Leaf		 茎鞘
SS		 叶
Leaf		 穗
Panicle		 茎鞘
SS		 叶
Leaf		 穗
Panicle
SI+NPK 2.38 a 2.19 a 2.44 a 1.86 ab 3.44 a 2.65 a 2.43 a 1.70 a 1.43 a 2.80 a
SB+NPK 2.69 a 1.56 b 2.81 a 2.19 a 3.04 ab 2.18 ab 2.02 a 1.35 ab 1.21 a 2.20 ab
NPK 2.46 a 2.25 a 2.77 a 2.30 a 2.76 b 2.40 a 2.20 a 1.47 a 1.30 a 2.32 a
CK 2.81 a 2.07 ab 2.87 a 1.67 b 2.11 c 1.61 b 1.31 b 0.94 b 0.97 a 1.64 b

Table 6

Effect of SIRCF on K content in organs of double-cropping late rice (mg g-1)"

处理
Treatment		 分蘖期TS 穗分化期PI 抽穗期HS 成熟期MS
茎鞘
SS		 叶
Leaf		 茎鞘
SS		 叶
Leaf		 茎鞘
SS		 叶
Leaf		 穗
Panicle		 茎鞘
SS		 叶
Leaf		 穗
Panicle
SI+NPK 43.24 a 18.40 a 35.38 a 16.39 a 23.32 ab 13.15 a 6.95 a 29.64 b 9.09 b 5.52 a
SB+NPK 44.05 a 16.41 ab 35.80 a 17.30 a 22.24 b 12.61 a 5.91 a 28.05 b 8.57 b 5.25 a
NPK 47.43 a 18.45 a 37.02 a 17.19 a 21.85 b 13.14 a 5.65 a 27.66 b 7.70 b 5.18 a
CK 35.38 b 15.59 b 37.93 a 13.76 b 27.39 a 15.00 a 5.72 a 36.31 a 14.66 a 6.50 a

Fig. 1

Periodical N, P, K accumulations under SIRCF of double-cropping late rice Bar demonstrated ley different lowercase letters at the sampling date are significantly different at P ≤ 5%. SI+NPK: straw incorporation with reducing chemical fertilizers; SB+NPK: straw burning with reducing chemical fertilizers; NPK: chemical fertilizers application; CK: no fertilizer; TS: tillering stage; PI: panicle initiation; HS: heading stage; MS: maturity stage; SS: stems and sheaths."

Table 7

N, P, K use efficiency of double-cropping late rice under SIRCF"

处理
Treatment		 收获指数HI (%) 农学效率AE (kg kg-1) 回收率RE (%) 偏生产力PFP (kg kg-1)
N P K N P K N P K N P K
SI+NPK 70.46 b 74.05 a 27.99 a 27.94 a 50.69 a 63.40 a 65.13 a 26.71 a 0.83 a 60.13 a 109.12 a 143.31 a
SB+NPK 67.70 bc 73.02 ab 27.56 a 17.49 b 42.11 b 56.85 a 44.58 b 17.34 b 0.69 a 41.10 b 98.95 b 127.22 b
NPK 62.74 c 70.00 b 26.01 b 18.60 b 41.31 b 20.67 b 46.62 b 17.84 b 0.25 c 42.21 b 93.75 c 46.90 c
CK 77.59 a 75.24 a 27.12 a — — — — — — — — —
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