黄淮南部玉米产量对气候生态条件的响应

doi:10.3724/SP.J.1006.2018.00442

Abstract

Abstract:

In view of the changes of climatic condition and farming system in recent years, a field experiment during growing season 2015-2016 was conducted to study the responses of maize yield to ecological condition, and discuss the effects of climatic factors on maize yield under condition of different sowing dates on the south Yellow-Huaihe-Haihe Rivers plain. A main maize cultivar Zhengdan 958 was sown at seven sowing dates (S1: 15 April; S2: 30 April; S3: 15 May; S4: 30 May; S5: 14 June; S6: 29 June; S7: 14 July). There was significant difference in maize yield because of the different climatic conditions between years and between conditions of sowing dates. The yield of spring-sowing maize was significantly higher than that of summer-sowing maize, which deceased significantly with postponing sowing date. With postponing maize sowing date, the average daily temperature during seeding stage increased, the average daily temperature from anthesis to maturity and growing degree-days during whole growth period decreased, and the growth period of maize shortened gradually. At the density of 67 500 plants ha^-1,100-grain weight made more contribution to yield than grain number per ear. The main climatic factors affecting 100-grain weight and grain number per ear were growing degree-days during whole growth period, especially from anthesis to maturity stage. The main climatic factors affecting maize yield were the average daily temperature range (r = 0.696^**) and average daily temperature (r= -0.638^*) at seedling stage, the growing degree-days (r = 0.822^**) and average daily temperature (r = 0.723^**) from anthesis to maturity stage, and the growing degree-days during whole growth period (r = 0.843^**). Therefore, the sowing date of the spring-sowing maize can be postponed from the midmonth of April to May 1st, which can achieve high and stable grain yield because of decreasing the harmful effects of cloudy and rainy at flowering and high temperature heat damage. For summer maize, the suitable sowing date should be as early as possible after wheat harvest. The early sowing date of summer maize not only increase growing degree-days, but create suitable temperature condition that the average daily temperature is low during seedling stage and high from anthesis to maturity stage, and provide suitable condition for delaying harvest and facilitating mechanical grain-harvest.

Key words: maize, sowing date, yield, climatic factors

Pan-Pan AN, Bo MING, Peng-Fei DONG, Miao ZHANG, Da-Zhao HUANG, Ya-Li ZHAO, Chao-Hai LI. Response of Maize (Zea mays L.) Yield to Climatic Ecological Condition on the South Yellow-Huaihe-Haihe Rivers Plain[J].Acta Agronomica Sinica, 2018, 44(03): 442-453.

Figures/Tables 10

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References 41

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因素 Factor	年份 Year	月份Month							总计 Total	均值 Average
因素 Factor	年份 Year	Apr.	May	Jun.	Jul.	Ang.	Sept.	Oct.	总计 Total	均值 Average
日照时数 DSD (h)	1970-1979	194.9	245.6	254.9	221.5	217.7	189.7	201.5	1525.8
	2005-2014	200.1	207.1	192.0	140.1	151.2	118.5	141.7	1150.6
	2015	202.9	202.4	131.7	195.9	148.4	142.2	159.9	1183.4
	2016	168.9	204.2	227.9	189.4	151.0	164.1	107.5	1213.0
有效积温 GDD (°C d)	1970-1979	190.5	328.4	468.6	528.2	500.3	335.6	196.5	2548.0
	2005-2014	226.7	393.7	516.7	562.9	517.7	356.4	240.4	2814.5
	2015	205.8	373.8	492.0	552.0	531.8	376.6	242.1	2774.0
	2016	255.7	375.0	511.6	585.8	558.3	439.0	215.6	2940.9
日均温 ADT (°C)	1970-1979	15.2	20.8	25.9	26.9	25.6	20.7	15.0		21.5
	2005-2014	17.0	22.9	27.4	27.9	26.4	21.5	17.0		22.9
	2015	16.2	22.3	26.4	28.0	26.8	22.3	17.2		22.7
	2016	18.6	22.1	27.0	28.9	27.6	24.4	16.6		23.6
气温日较差 ADTR (°C)	1970-1979	12.5	13.1	12.6	9.2	9.0	10.6	11.8		11.3
	2005-2014	11.7	10.8	10.7	8.2	8.0	8.7	10.1		9.7
	2015	11.0	10.0	9.2	9.3	8.9	9.3	10.7		9.8
	2016	10.5	10.0	10.6	7.7	7.8	9.5	7.0		9.0
降水量 EP (mm)	1970-1979	60.0	34.3	63.0	203.0	90.4	86.8	44.1	581.7
	2005-2014	41.4	52.9	41.8	139.0	145.9	107.0	17.8	545.9
	2015	79.1	82.3	108.2	83.7	142.6	19.8	63.7	579.4
	2016	42.4	57.2	125.1	243.7	95.0	62.9	116.8	743.1

变异来源 Source	平方和 SS	自由度 df	均方 MS	F值 F-value
年份Year	6010968.9	1	6010968.9	210.4^**
播期SD	86876003.7	6	14479334.0	506.9^**
年份×播期Year×SD	5386855.8	6	897809.3	31.4^**

气象灾害 Meteorological disasters	日期Date (month/day)
气象灾害 Meteorological disasters	6/21-6/30	7/1-7/10	7/11-7/20	7/21-7/30	8/1-8/10
高温热害 Heat injury	6.4	0	4.3	12.8	2.1
花期阴雨 Precipitation	10.6	17.0	17.0	10.6	14.9

播期 Sowing date		气候因子Climatic factors
播期 Sowing date		日照时数 DSD (h)	有效积温 GDD (°C d)	日均温 ADT (°C)	气温日较差 ADTR (°C)	降水量 EP (mm)
S1	平均Mean	747.4	1841.4	25.2	9.5	419.2
	CV (%)	5.5	0.3	0.6	1.5	28.4
S2	平均Mean	676.6	1840.7	26.2	9.8	443.2
	CV (%)	7.8	0.1	1.1	6.5	35.9
S3	平均Mean	650.6	1860.4	26.8	9.1	419.1
	CV (%)	6.7	0.5	1.6	2.3	25.6
S4	平均Mean	620.5	1839.2	27.6	9.2	414.5
	CV (%)	8.4	2.7	0.8	1.5	22.0
S5	平均Mean	584.9	1760.8	26.7	9.0	408.2
	CV (%)	13.6	3.5	5.3	0.0	18.9
S6	平均Mean	585.5	1682.4	25.5	9.0	347.7
	CV (%)	3.0	3.3	3.9	10.3	25.1
S7	平均Mean	521.1	1480.6	24.6	9.0	289.8
	CV (%)	2.1	3.1	4.0	8.7	6.9

年份 Year	旬序Order of a period of ten days
年份 Year	上旬 First ten days (°C)	中旬 Middle ten days (°C)	下旬 Last ten days (°C)
1970-1979	16.7	15.8	12.9
2005-2014	19.2	17.4	14.7
2015	19.6	19.0	13.4
2016	25.0	22.0	15.0

Response of Maize (Zea mays L.) Yield to Climatic Ecological Condition on the South Yellow-Huaihe-Haihe Rivers Plain

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