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Acta Agronomica Sinica ›› 2018, Vol. 44 ›› Issue (6): 886-896.doi: 10.3724/SP.J.1006.2018.00886

• TILLAGE & CULTIVATION·PHYSIOLOGY & BIOCHEMISTRY • Previous Articles     Next Articles

Effects of Plastic Film Mulching on Grain Yield and Sulfur Concentration of Winter Wheat in Dryland of Loess Plateau

Lai-Chao LUO1,Zhao-Hui WANG1,2,*(),Xiao-Li HUI1,Xiang ZHANG1,Qing-Xia MA1,Ming BAO1,Yue ZHAO1,Ming HUANG1,Sen WANG1   

  1. 1 College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University / Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and Agri-environment in Northwest China, Ministry of Agriculture, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
    2 State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas / Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
  • Received:2017-09-05 Accepted:2018-03-20 Online:2018-06-12 Published:2018-04-08
  • Contact: Zhao-Hui WANG E-mail:zhaohui@263.net
  • Supported by:
    This study was supported by the Special Fund for Agro-scientific Research in the Public Interest of China (201303104)(201303104);the China Agriculture Research System(CARS-3)

Abstract:

Plastic film mulching is popular in dryland wheat production in China and important to understand to effects on grain yield, sulfur (S) accumulation and remobilization, and grain S concentration in high-yield and nutritional-quality wheat production. In the 2014-2015 and 2015-2016 growing seasons, we carried out field experiments in seven locations of three provinces in Northwest China to compare the biomass, grain yield, yield components, grain S concentration, and S uptake and distribution of winter wheat between conventional flat cropping pattern (no mulching) and the ridge mulch with furrow seeding or flat mulching cropping pattern (plastic film mulching). Compared with no mulching pattern, the plastic film mulching pattern showed 13.7% increase of grain yield through higher spike number, but 9.0% decrease of grain S concentration. The S accumulation in stem and leaf, ear, and aboveground plant parts at anthesis increased by 19.9%, 16.1%, and 19.2%, respectively, in plastic film mulching pattern than in no mulching pattern; however, the S remobilization amount and efficiency increased by 36.2% and 17.9%, respectively, during grain filling. Under plastic film mulching pattern, soil available S at anthesis stage decreased by 24.5%, and the S uptake during grain filling greatly declined by 77.9%. As a result, no significant increases in S accumulation of aboveground plant parts at maturity and S harvest index. The grain S concentration decreased owing to the increased grain yield. Therefore, under plastic film mulching pattern in Northwest China, additional S fertilizer should be applied for improving S nutrition and processing quality in dryland wheat.

Key words: dryland, soil surface management, sulfur uptake, sulfur accumulation, sulfur remobilization and distribution, grain quality

Fig. 1

Distribution of whole-year precipitation between summer fallow and winter wheat growing season in each experimental location The seven experimental locations were Tongcheng (TC) and Liujiayuan (LJY) of Shanxi province (SX), Yujiagong (YJG) and Dingjia (DJ) of Shaanxi province (SAX), and Yongqing (YQ), Changhe (CH) and Pingxiang (PX) of Gansu province (GS). A: the winter wheat growing season of 2014-2015; B: the winter wheat growing season of 2015-2016."

Table 1

Basal fertility of the 0-20 cm soil layer before wheat sowing in each location"

试验点
Location
有机质
Organic matter
(g kg-1)
全氮
Total N
(g kg-1)
硝态氮
NO3--N
(mg kg-1)
铵态氮
NH4+-N
(mg kg-1)
速效磷
Available P
(mg kg-1)
速效钾
Available K
(mg kg-1)
有效硫
Available S
(mg kg-1)
pH
(2.5:1.0)
山西桐城 SX-TC 7.8 0.84 11.5 1.1 17.6 160.0 46.65 8.1
山西刘家垣 SX-LJY 10.8 0.80 22.6 0.4 10.7 202.4 36.68 7.9
陕西御驾宫 SAX-YJG 10.2 0.75 3.5 0.3 13.4 83.9 20.01 8.5
陕西丁家 SAX-DJ 8.5 0.77 13.1 2.6 4.5 130.0 9.89 8.2
甘肃永清 GS-YQ 7.9 0.90 16.8 0.8 12.0 102.2 2.14 8.4
甘肃常河 GS-CH 6.1 0.95 12.2 0.5 11.3 122.7 2.54 8.6
甘肃平襄 GS-PX 7.7 0.93 5.5 0.3 12.5 117.3 2.99 8.7

Fig. 2

Effects of plastic film mulching on grain sulfur concentration of winter wheat The median and mean values are marked with the solid and red dashed lines inside the box, respectively. The lower and upper edges of the box represent the 25th and 75th percentile, respectively. The lower and upper T-bars represent the 5th and 95th percentile, respectively. The symbols “?” above and below the box represent the <5th and >95th percentile of all data, respectively. Significant difference (P < 0.05) between no mulching and plastic film mulching treatments in one location is marked with * above a pair of boxes."

Fig. 3

Effects of plastic film mulching on grain yield, biomass and harvest index of winter wheat The median and mean values are marked with the solid and red dashed lines inside the box, respectively. The lower and upper edges of the box represent the 25th and 75th percentile, respectively. The lower and upper T-bars represent the 5th and 95th percentile, respectively. The symbols “?” above and below the box represent the <5th and >95th percentile of all data, respectively. Significant difference (P < 0.05) between no mulching and plastic film mulching treatments in one location is marked with * above a pair of boxes."

Fig. 4

Effects of plastic film mulching on spike number, grain number per spike and 1000-grain weight of winter wheat The median and mean values are marked with the solid and red dashed lines inside the box, respectively. The lower and upper edges of the box represent the 25th and 75th percentile, respectively. The lower and upper T-bars represent the 5th and 95th percentile, respectively. The symbols “?” above and below the box represent the <5th and >95th percentile of all data, respectively. Significant difference (P < 0.05) between no mulching and plastic film mulching treatments in one location is marked with * above a pair of boxes."

Fig. 5

Effects of plastic film mulching on available sulfur content in 0-20 cm soil at anthesis of winter wheat The median and mean values are marked with the solid and red dashed lines inside the box, respectively. The lower and upper edges of the box represent the 25th and 75th percentile, respectively. The lower and upper T-bars represent the 5th and 95th percentile, respectively. The symbols “?” above and below the box represent the <5th and >95th percentile of all data, respectively. Significant difference (P < 0.05) between no mulching and plastic film mulching treatments in one location is marked with * above a pair of boxes."

Fig. 6

Effects of plastic film mulching on sulfur accumulation in stem leaves, ear and aboveground part at anthesis of winter wheat The median and mean values are marked with the solid and red dashed lines inside the box, respectively. The lower and upper edges of the box represent the 25th and 75th percentile, respectively. The lower and upper T-bars represent the 5th and 95th percentile, respectively. The symbols “?” above and below the box represent the <5th and >95th percentile of all data, respectively. Significant difference (P < 0.05) between no mulching and plastic film mulching treatments in one location is marked with * above a pair of boxes."

Fig. 7

Effects of plastic film mulching on sulfur accumulation in stem leaves, glumes, grain and aboveground part and sulfur harvest index at maturity of winter wheat The median and mean values are marked with the solid and red dashed lines inside the box, respectively. The lower and upper edges of the box represent the 25th and 75th percentile, respectively. The lower and upper T-bars represent the 5th and 95th percentile, respectively. The symbols “?” above and below the box represent the <5th and >95th percentile of all data, respectively. Significant difference (P < 0.05) between no mulching and plastic film mulching treatments in one location is marked with * above a pair of boxes."

Fig. 8

Effects of plastic film mulching on sulfur remobilization, remobilization efficiency and post-anthesis sulfur uptake of winter wheat The median and mean values are marked with the solid and red dashed lines inside the box, respectively. The lower and upper edges of the box represent the 25th and 75th percentile, respectively. The lower and upper T-bars represent the 5th and 95th percentile, respectively. The symbols “?” above and below the box represent the <5th and >95th percentile of all data, respectively. Significant difference (P < 0.05) between no mulching and plastic film mulching treatments in one location is marked with * above a pair of boxes."

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